烧结铁矿中FeO含量对其在富氢高炉中还原行为的影响

Japan started the national project “COURSE 50” for CO₂ reduction in the 2000s. This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO₂ emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-based ironmaking by 30% by around 2030 and use it for practical applications by 2050. The idea is that instead of coke, hydrogen is used as the reducing agent, leading to lower fossil fuel consumption in the process. It has been reported that the reduction behavior of hematite, magnetite, calcium ferrite, and slag in the sinter is different, and it is also considerably influenced by the sinter morphology. This study aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of sinters in hydrogen enriched blast furnace with different mineral morphologies in CO–CO₂–H₂ mixed gas. As an experimental sample, two sinter samples with significantly different hematite and magnetite ratios were prepared to compare their reduction behaviors. The reduction of wustite to iron was carried out at 1000, 900, and 800°C in a CO–CO₂–H₂ atmosphere for the mineral morphology-controlled sinter, and the following findings were obtained. The reduction rate of smaller amount of FeO led to faster increase of the reduction rate curve at the initial stage of reduction. Macro-observations of reduced samples showed that the reaction proceeded from the outer periphery of the sample toward the inside, and a reaction interface was observed where reduced iron and wustite coexisted. Micro-observations revealed three layers, namely, wustite single phase in the center zone of the sample, iron single phase in the outer periphery zone of the sample, and iron oxide-derived wustite FeO and iron, or calcium ferrite-derived wustite 'FeO' and iron in the reaction interface zone. A two-interface unreacted core model was successfully applied for the kinetic analysis of the reduction reaction, and obtained temperature dependent expressions of the chemical reaction coefficients from each mineral phases.     

Mg和La对Ca–Ti 处理钢中夹杂物演变和组织的影响

The evolution of inclusions and the formation of acicular ferrite (AF) in Ca–Ti treated steel was systematically investigated after Mg and La addition. The inclusions in the molten steel were Ca–Al–O, Ca–Al–Mg–O, and La–Mg–Ca–Al–O after Ca, Mg, and La addition, respectively. The type of oxide inclusion in the final quenched samples was the same as that in the molten steel. However, unlike those in molten steel, the inclusions were Ca–Al–Ti–O + MnS, Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS, and La–Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS in Mg-free, Mg-containing, and La-containing samples, respectively. The inclusions distributed dispersedly in the La-containing sample. In addition, the average size of the inclusions in the La-containing sample was the smallest, while the number density of inclusions was the highest. The size of effective inclusions (nucleus of AF formation) was mainly in the range of 1–3 μm. In addition, the content of ferrite side plates (FSP) decreased, while the percentage of AF increased by 16.2% due to the increase in the number of effective inclusions in the La-containing sample in this study.     

氧化锌矿物浸出渣中铅、锶的提取及动力学分析

NH₄HCO₃ conversion followed by HCl leaching was performed and proven to be effective in extracting Pb and Sr from zinc extracted residual. The mechanism and operating conditions of NH₄HCO₃ conversion, including molar ratio of NH₄HCO₃ to zinc extracted residual, NH₄HCO₃ concentration, conversion temperature, conversion time, and stirring velocity, were discussed, and operating conditions were optimized by the orthogonal test. Experimental results indicate that NH₄HCO₃ conversion at temperatures ranging from 25 to 85°C follows the shrinking unreacted core model and is controlled by inner diffusion through the product layer. The extraction ratios of Pb and Sr under optimized conditions reached 85.15% and 87.08%, respectively. Moreover, the apparent activation energies of Pb and Sr were 13.85 and 13.67 kJ·mol?1, respectively.     

摩擦焊接碳钢（EN24）和镍基高温合金（IN718）的显微组织和力学性能

Continuous-drive rotary friction welding was performed to join cylindrical specimens of carbon steel (EN24) and nickel-based superalloy (IN718), and the microstructures of three distinct weld zones—the weld interface (WI)/thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), the heat-affected zone (HAZ), and the base metal—were examined. The joint was observed to be free of defects but featured uneven flash formation. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis showed substantial changes in high-angle grain boundaries, low-angle grain boundaries, and twin boundaries in the TMAZ and HAZ. Moreover, significant refinement in grain size (2–5 μm) was observed at the WI/TMAZ with reference to the base metal. The possible causes of these are discussed. The microhardness profile across the welded joint shows variation in hardness. The changes in hardness are ascribed to grain refinement, phase transformation, and the dissolution of strengthening precipitates. The tensile test results reveal that a joint efficiency of 100% can be achieved using this method.     

汽车暴露面板带有表面条状缺陷的夹杂物分布特征分析:一种定量电解方法

The specific distribution characteristics of inclusions along with the sliver defect were analyzed in detail to explain the formation mechanism of the sliver defect on the automobile exposed panel surface. A quantitative electrolysis method was used to compare and evaluate the three-dimensional morphology, size, composition, quantity, and distribution of inclusions in the defect and non-defect zone of automobile exposed panel. The Al₂O₃ inclusions were observed to be aggregated or chain-like shape along with the sliver defect of about 3–10 μm. The aggregation sections of the Al₂O₃ inclusions are distributed discretely along the rolling direction, with a spacing of 3–7 mm, a length of 6–7 mm, and a width of about 3 mm. The inclusion area part is 0.04%–0.16% with an average value of 0.08%, the inclusion number density is 40 mm?2 and the inclusion average spacing is 25.13 μm. The inclusion spacing is approximately 40–160 μm, with an average value of 68.76 μm in chain-like inclusion parts. The average area fraction and number density of inclusions in the non-defect region were reduced to about 0.002% and 1–2 mm?2, respectively, with the inclusion spacing of 400 μm and the size of Al₂O₃ being 1–3 μm.     

在酸性溶液中加压氧化三价砷离子和二价铁离子

The co-oxidation of As(III) and Fe(II) in acidic solutions by pressured oxygen was studied under an oxygen pressure between 0.5 and 2.0 MPa at a temperature of 150°C. It was confirmed that without Fe(II) ions, As(III) ions in the solutions are virtually non-oxidizable by pressured oxygen even at a temperature as high as 200°C and an oxygen pressure up to 2.0 MPa. Fe(II) ions in the solutions did have a catalysis effect on the oxidation of As(III), possibly attributable to the production of such strong oxidants as hydroxyl free radicals (OH·) and Fe(IV) in the oxidation process of Fe(II). The effects of such factors as the initial molar ratio of Fe(II)/As(III), initial pH value of the solution, oxygen pressure, and the addition of radical scavengers on the oxidation efficiencies of As(III) and Fe(II) were studied. It was found that the oxidation of As(III) was limited in the co-oxidation process due to the accumulation of the As(III) oxidation product, As(V), in the solutions.     

采用超声组装与滚压工艺制备铝–碳纳米管复合材料

This study introduced a novel fabrication of aluminum–carbon nanotube (CNT) composites by employing bulk acoustic waves and accumulative roll bonding (ARB). In this method, CNT particles were aligned using ultrasonic standing wave in an aqueous media, and the arrayed particles were precipitated on the aluminum plate substrate. Then, the plates rolled on each other through the ARB process with four passes. Optical and scanning electron micrographs demonstrated the effective aligning of CNTs on the aluminum substrate with a negligible deviation of arrayed CNTs through the ARB process. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the developed composites showed no peaks for carbon and aluminum carbide. In addition, tensile tests showed that the longitudinal strength of the specimens processed with aligned CNTs was significantly greater than that of the specimens with common randomly dispersed particles. The proposed technique is beneficial for the fabrication of Al–CNT composites with directional mechanical strength.     

活化天然矿石选择性还原二氧化碳为无定形碳

Natural magnetite formed by the isomorphism substitutions of transition metals, including Fe, Ti, Co, etc., was activated by mechanical grinding followed by H₂ reduction. The temperature-programmed reduction of hydrogen (H₂-TPR) and temperature-programmed surface reaction of carbon dioxide (CO₂-TPSR) were carried out to investigate the processes of oxygen loss and CO₂ reduction. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the stability of spinel phases and oxygen-deficient degree significantly increased after natural magnetite was mechanically milled and reduced in H₂ atmosphere. Meanwhile, the activity and selectivity of CO₂ reduction into carbon were enhanced. The deposited carbon on the activated natural magnetite was confirmed as amorphous. The amount of carbon after CO₂ reduction at 300°C for 90 min over the activated natural magnetite was 2.87wt% higher than that over the natural magnetite.     

苦荞部分营养成分分析及评价

经测定苦荞蛋白质含量为１０．１８％，必需氨基酸含量为４１３．７％ｍｇ／ｇｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ。其限制性氨基酸仅为苏氨酸一种，苦荞蛋白质的氨基酸评分为８８．５分。苦荞矿物质元素含量丰富，其中铁为３２．８，锰为１２．５，锌为２１．４，铬为２．５４，钼为１．６６，锗为４．２，铜为４．３，钙为１２７（单位均为ｐｐｍ）．总黄酮含量为１１０ｍｇ／１００ｇ。苦荞具有很高的营养价值，并对中老年人具有多种预防保健功能，是一种急待开发利用的天然营养保健食品资源。     

青海省三种常见棘豆主要营养成分研究

采用标准方法对青海省的甘肃棘豆,黄豆棘豆和宽苞棘豆风干样的主要营养成分进行了测定,结果为：甘肃棘豆,粗蛋白１２．６％,粗脂肪１．８％,粗纤维１６．７％,无氮浸出物５３．２％,粗灰分９．４％,钙０．８５％,磷０．２２％,黄花棘豆：粗蛋白１５．２％,粗脂肪１．３％,粗纤维１９％,无氮浸出物４８．３％,粗灰分９．７％,钙０．８０％,磷０．１４％,宽苞棘豆：粗蛋白１３．４％,粗脂肪１．６％,粗纤维１８．７     

甜荞部分营养成份分析及评价

经测定甜荞蛋白质含量为１０．３４％，必需氨基酸含量为４０８．１ｍｇ／ｇ ｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ。其限制性氨基酸仅为苏氨酸一种，甜荞氨基酸主分为９２分；甜荞矿物质元素含量丰富，锰含量为１０．１４，锌为２１．２，铁为２１．３倍，铬为２．５，钼为２．０４，锗为３．８，铜４．１，钙为１７２；其总黄酮含量为２０ｍｇ／１００ｇ。甜荞有很高的营养价值。并对中老年具有多种作用保健作用，是一种急待开发利用的天然营养保健食品     

分形特征下降雨诱发砂土泥石流启动机理

利用分形理论计算不同颗粒含量砂土的粒度分维值,开展降雨条件下砂土泥石流启动模型试验,分析试验现象、位移场及含水率变化情况,总结分形特征下泥石流的启动机理。研究结果表明：粒度分维值随细粒含量的增加而增大,坡体发生明显现象的时间越早,泥石流启动的总体历时越长。分维值较大时,以坡表侵蚀破坏为主,坡表整体位移均匀,启动历时长;雨水分布不均匀,滑动带内外含水率差异显著,持水时间长;分维值较小时,以滑坡型破坏为主,启动历时短,产生位移大;雨水运动以渗流为主,土体抗剪强度降低,滑动带内外含水率差异减小,持水时间逐渐消失。分维值大小适中时,以过渡型破坏为主,泥石流启动时位移最小,历时较长,灾害程度最轻。     

烯效唑和多效唑对万寿菊生育及生理活性的调控

在万寿菊幼苗上盆后，根灌不同浓度的烯效唑及多效唑，明显提高其过氧化物酶活性，提高叶绿素含量，增强光合速率，降低呼吸消耗，降低内源吲哚乙酸含量，进而显著缩短节间，抑制其株高，减少叶面积，增加叶厚，增加花朵数，从而使其花艳叶绿，提高观赏价值．在低浓度下，烯效唑的活性明显大于多效唑     

RaneyNi电极在葡萄糖、蔗糖电还原上的应用

采用自制隔膜电解槽,首先对阴极材料进行了选择,选出葡萄糖转化率最高的RaneyNi粉电极作为电解阴极。将氢过电位低的RaneyNi粉作为阴极应用到葡萄糖、蔗糖的电解还原中,在pH=10～11,通入电量为1.2F·mol-1,温度为60℃,电流密度为4A·dm-2,糖浓度为0.5mol·L-1最佳工艺条件下阴极电解还原葡萄糖转化率为73%,甘露醇产率为30%;在pH=9,通入电量为1.3F·mol-1,温度为35℃,电流密度为3.0A·dm-2,糖浓度为0.5mol·L-1工艺条件下电解还原蔗糖处理液,转化率为84%,甘露醇产率可达46%。     

超声一紫外法测定土壤中石油类物质含量

以三氯甲烷作为提取剂抽提土壤中的石油类物质时,最佳超声提取条件是：超声波功率为２５Ｗ,室温下超声提取１５ｍｉｎ,每个样品提取２次,每次加入提取剂２０ｍＬ。将提取物中的溶剂蒸发后,用石油醚溶解残余物,再用紫外分光光度法进行测定。该方法的线性范围宽,精密度和准确度好,相对标准偏差为１８０％,加标回收率为９５３％,最低检出限为０．００３ｍｇ／ｇ。     

天然气发动机动力性恢复研究

通过控制装置转换两用燃料来恢复发动机的动力性。在对两种燃料进行了性能对比试验后,分析并确定了转换点对应的节气门开度。然后进行燃料转换试验。研究结果表明：天然气汽油转换发动机运转稳定,最佳的转换位置是50％节气门开度。开度低于50％时,发动机燃用天然气;高于50％后,燃用汽油以恢复动力性要求。转换前后发动机排放分别接近燃用天然气和汽油的排放量。     

柴油氧化脱硫工艺研究

依据溶剂萃取理论及氧化脱硫原理,应用正交实验设计优化了柴油氧化脱硫工艺.实验发现,以双氧水为氧化剂时,碱与氧化剂用量是影响脱硫率的主要因素;以过氧乙酸为氧化剂时,剂油比是影响脱硫率的主要因素;用过氧乙酸作氧化剂比用双氧水的脱硫率高得多.最佳工艺条件为:剂油比1∶7,氧化剂用量6%,反应时间15min,冰醋酸1%.此时柴油的脱硫率为46.2%.     

轴承故障模拟台的理论建模分析

对滚动轴承故障模拟台进行了理论建模分析，给出了动力学模型，推导出了运动微分方程，并计算出了系统的固有频率。经实验验证，理论建模合理，分析结果基本正确，为今后滚动轴承的故障诊断奠定了基础。