Wettability and pressureless infiltration mechanism in SiC-Cu systems

The wetting behavior of copper alloys on SiC substrates was studied by a sessile drop technique. The microstructure of SiC_p/Cu composites and the pressureless infiltration mechanism were analyzed. The results indicate that Ti and Cr are effective elements to improve the wettability, while Ni, Fe, and Al have minor influence on the improvement of wettability. Non-wetting to wetting transition occurs at 1210 and 1190℃ for Cu-3Al-3Ni-9Si and Cu-3Si-2Al-1Ti, respectively. All the copper alloys react with SiC at the interface forming a reaction layer except for Cu-3Al-3Ni-9Si. High Si content favors the suppression of interracial reaction. The infiltration mechanism during pressureless infiltration is attributed to the decomposition of SiC. The beneficial effect of Fe, Ni, and Al is to favor the dissolution of SiC. The real active element during pressureless infiltration is Si.     

Si对无压浸渗SiCp/Al复合材料显微组织与热导率的影响

研究了Al-8Mg基体中添加Si对无压浸渗SiCp/Al复合材料显微组织和热导率的影响.结果表明,Si能够改善Al与SiC的润湿性,减少复合材料孔隙度,抑制界面反应,提高相对密度.不含Si时,Al与SiC界面反应严重,并且润湿性较差,导致复合材料的热导率和相对密度较低;当基体中添加质量分数12%的Si时,界面反应受到完全抑制,热导率取得最大值;进一步提高基体中Si含量,由于铝基体的热导率随Si含量的增加而降低,导致复合材料的热导率也随之降低.     

SiC颗粒特性对无压熔渗SiCp/Al复合材料热物理性能的影响

采用粉末注射成形-无压熔渗相结合技术制备出了电子封装用高体积分数SiCp/Al复合材料. 重点研究了SiC粒径、体积分数以及粒径大小等颗粒特性对所制备复合材料热物理性能的影响规律. 研究结果表明,SiCp/Al复合材料的热导率随SiC粒径的增大和体积分数的增加而增加;SiC粒径的大小对复合材料的热膨胀系数(CTE)没有显著的影响,而其体积分数对CTE的影响较大. CTE随着SiC颗粒体积分数的增加而减小,CTE实验值与基于Turner模型的预测值比较接近. 通过对不同粒径的SiC粉末进行级配,可以实现体积分数在53%～68%、CTE(20～100℃)在7.8×10-6～5.4×10-6K-1、热导率在140～190W·m·K-1范围内变化.     

Si及Sb对铸态Mg-Al-Si合金组织和力学性能的影响

用普通铸造法制备不同Al、Si含量的Mg-Al-Si三种合金,研究了Si含量和微量Sb对合金组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着Si含量增加,合金中的Mg2Si逐渐变粗大,合金力学性能逐渐提高。添加0.75%Sb后,三种合金均产生Mg3Sb2相,粗大的Mg2Si得到细化,呈相对弥散分布,合金的屈服强度和抗拉强度进一步提高。拉伸断裂形式为准解理脆性断裂。     

高体积分数SiCp/Al复合材料杯形件高温反挤压成形

将无压浸渗制备出的高体积分数SiCp/Al复合材料,通过高温反挤压方式成形杯形件.研究了在高温反挤压过程中复合材料的流变规律,利用扫描电镜(SEM)观察分析了高温反挤压参数对杯形件组织的影响.结果表明:在基体熔点以上,高体积分数SiCp/Al复合材料呈黏流体状态,颗粒与基体形成固-液混合体;高体积分数SiCp/Al复合材料高温反挤压变形后,基体仍保持连续,SiC颗粒在压力作用下发生转动、重排,部分颗粒破碎,颗粒分布均匀性较好;当变形温度较低、挤压速度较大时,颗粒易破碎,SiCp/Al复合材料杯形件内部颗粒尺寸不均匀,杯形件内角处颗粒尺寸较小;当变形温度较高、挤压速度较小时,杯形件内部颗粒尺寸均匀.     

钙在镁合金熔炼中的阻燃机理

熔炼了钙的质量分数为0.5%~5.0%,铝的质量分数为9.0%的10种镁合金,研究了Ca的加入对合金阻燃效果的影响.分别取定量的10种合金在700℃的高温下进行氧化增重的测量,并对合金表面的氧化形貌进行了观察.实验结果表明:镁合金加入钙后,其表面在高温下生成了CaO及少量MgO的复合致密氧化膜,这层氧化膜隔绝了空气,阻止了镁的燃烧;当钙的质量分数为3.5%时,可起到良好的阻燃效果.     

Effect of magnesium on the aluminothermic reduction rate of zinc oxide obtained from spent alkaline battery anodes for the preparation of Al–Zn–Mg alloys

The aluminothermic reduction of zinc oxide (ZnO) from alkaline battery anodes using molten Al may be a good option for the elaboration of secondary 7000-series alloys. This process is affected by the initial content of Mg within molten Al, which decreases the surface tension of the molten metal and conversely increases the wettability of ZnO particles. The effect of initial Mg concentration on the aluminothermic reduction rate of ZnO was analyzed at the following values: 0.90wt%, 1.20wt%, 4.00t%, 4.25wt%, and 4.40wt%. The ZnO particles were incorporated by mechanical agitation using a graphite paddle inside a bath of molten Al maintained at a constant temperature of 1123 K and at a constant agitation speed of 250 r/min, the treatment time was 240 min and the ZnO particle size was 450-500 mesh. The results show an increase in Zn concentration in the prepared alloys up to 5.43wt% for the highest initial concentration of Mg. The reaction products obtained were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, and the efficiency of the reaction was measured on the basis of the different concentrations of Mg studied.     

Melt Infiltration Ability and Microstructural Evolution of Fe40Al/ TiC Composites System

Pressureless melt infiltration is an economic route f or preparation of high-density ceramic/melt composites. In this study, the Fe40 Al iron aluminide intermetallic, a low cost material of excellent oxidation and corrosion resistance, was used as binder for fabricating Fe40Al/TiC composites b y pressureless melt infiltration. The wetting ability of liquid Fe40Al in porous TiC pre-form was studied by in-situ monitoring the melting and infiltration p rocess. The infiltration ability was investigated by ob...     

La对AlSi10Cu0.2Mg0.2Mn和ZnAl12Cu1(Mg)铸造合金力学性能的影响

利用Al-La中间合金制备了AlSi10Cu0.2Mg0.2Mn-x La和Zn Al12Cu1(Mg)-x La铸造合金,考察了不同的La含量对合金组织和抗拉强度、伸长率、冲击强度等性能的影响.研究结果表明:微量稀土La可以细化合金的晶粒,改变Si相晶粒大小和形状.与未添加La的合金相比,含有微量稀土La的AlSi10Cu0.2Mg0.2Mn-x La合金和Zn Al12Cu1(Mg)-x La合金具有更优良的力学性能.当AlSi10Cu0.2Mg0.2Mn铸造合金中La添加量为0.15%(质量分数)时,铸造合金的伸长率增加2.7倍.含有0.1%(质量分数)La的Zn Al12Cu1(M g)-x La合金抗拉强度和伸长率相比于未添加稀土La的合金,分别增强1.3倍和3.2倍.含有0.3%(质量分数)La时Zn Al12Cu1(Mg)-x La的硬度增强1.8倍,但冲击强度是含有0.15%(质量分数)La时最高.综合考虑Zn Al12Cu1(Mg)-x La铸造合金的机械性能,稀土La的最优添加量为0.1%~0.2%(质量分数).     

几种6000系汽车板铝合金的结晶相

通过扫描电镜/能谱、X射线衍射以及金相分析,针对几种6000系汽车板铝合金,研究了不同的合金成分对结晶相的影响.结果表明,合金铸造时形成的结晶相为Al1.9CuMg4.1Si3.3,Al8(FeMnCr)2Si,Al5(FeMnCr)Si,Al4(MnFeCr)3Si2,Al5(MnFeCr)12Si7以及Mg2Si.随Mg/Si,Mg/Cu质量比及Mn含量的增大,Mg2Si和Al(FeMnCr)Si/Al(MnFeCr)Si型结晶相数量增多.均匀化时,除发生Al5(FeMnCr)Si向Al8(FeMnCr)2Si相的转变外,其他结晶相的类型不变.在随后的固溶处理和时效过程中,结晶相不再发生变...     

Corrosion behavior of as-cast Mg–8Li–3Al+xCe alloy in 3.5wt% NaCl solution

Mg–8Li–3Al+xCe alloys (x = 0.5wt%, 1.0wt%, and 1.5wt%) were prepared through a casting route in an electric resistance furnace under a controlled atmosphere. The cast alloys were characterized by X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The corrosion behavior of the as-cast Mg–8Li–3Al+xCe alloys were studied under salt spray tests in 3.5wt% NaCl solution at 35°C, in accordance with standard ASTM B–117, in conjunction with potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) tests. The results show that the addition of Ce to Mg–8Li–3Al (LA83) alloy results in the formation of Al₂Ce intermetallic phase, refines both the α-Mg phase and the Mg₁₇Al₁₂ intermetallic phase, and then increases the microhardness of the alloys. The results of PDP and salt spray tests reveal that an increase in Ce content to 1.5wt% decreases the corrosion rate. The best corrosion resistance is observed for the LA83 alloy sample with 1.0wt% Ce.     

SiCp/Al电子封装复合材料预成形坯的制备

在本实验中将SiC颗粒与粘结剂混合,温压制备成坯块,进行了热脱脂与预烧结,研究了热脱脂-预烧结后坯块的线性膨胀率、孔隙度、强度与工艺条件的关系,对预成形坯的显微组织形貌进行分析.结果表明,通过有效地控制成形、脱脂与烧结等工艺参数,能制备出具有适合强度和孔隙度的预成形坯.     

Reduction in secondary dendrite arm spacing in cast eutectic Al-Si piston alloys by cerium addition

The effects of Ce on the secondary dendrite arm spacing (SDAS) and mechanical behavior of Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloys were investigated. The reduction of SDAS at different Ce concentrations was evaluated in a directional solidification experiment via computer-aided cooling curve thermal analysis (CA CCTA). -The results showed that 0.1wt%-1.0wt% Ce addition resulted in a rapid solidification time, △T_S, and low solidification temperature, △T_S, whereas 0.1wt% Ce resulted in a fast solidification time, △ta-Al, of the α-Al phase. Furthermore, Ce addition refined the SDAS, which was reduced to approximately 36%. The mechanical properties of the alloys with and without Ce were investigated using tensile and hardness tests. The quality index (Q) and ultimate tensile strength of (UTS) Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloys significantly improved with the addition of 0.1wt% Ce. Moreover, the base alloy hardness was improved with increasing Ce concentration.     

Variation and optimization of acid-dissolved aluminum content in stainless steel

As a key step in secondary refining, the deoxidation process in clean stainless steel production is widely researched by many scholars. In this study, vacuum oxygen decarburization (VOD) deoxidation refining in a 40-t electric arc furnace + VOD + ingot casting process was analyzed and optimized on the basis of Al deoxidation of stainless steel and thermodynamic equilibrium reactions between the slag and steel. Under good stirring conditions in VOD, the deoxidation reaction reaches equilibrium rapidly, and the oxygen activity in the bulk steel is controlled by the slag composition and Al content. A basicity of 3–5 and an Al content greater than 0.015wt% in the melt resulted in an oxygen content less than 0.0006wt%. In addition, the dissolved oxygen content decreased slightly when the Al content in the steel was greater than 0.02wt%. Because of the equilibrium of the Si–O reaction between the slag and steel, the activity of SiO₂ will increase while the Si content increases; thus, the Si content should be lowered to enable the formation of a high-basicity slag. A high-basicity, low-Al₂O₃ slag and an increased Si content will reduce the Al consumption caused by SiO₂ reduction.     

Hydrogen storage and low-temperature electrochemical performances of A2B7 type La-Mg-Ni-Co-Al-Mo alloys

The effect of Mo-addition on hydrogen storage and low-temperature electrochemical performances of La-Mg-Ni-Co-Al alloys is investigated. The alloys were synthetized via vacuum induction melting followed by annealing treatment at 1123 K for 8 h. The major phases in the annealed alloys are consisted of (La, Mg)2Ni7, (La, Mg)5Ni19 and LaNi5 phases. Mo-addition facilitates phase transformation of LaNi5 into (La, Mg)2Ni7 and (La, Mg)5Ni19 phases. Hydrogen absorption/desorption PCI curves indicates that the hydrogen storage capacity of the alloy increases remarkably with the addition of Mo. Furthermore, the La0.75Mg0.25Ni3.05Co0.2Al0.05Mo0.2 alloy shows excellent hydriding/dehydriding kinetics with a higher capacity, requiring only 100 s to reach its saturated hydrogen capacity of 1.58 wt% at low temperature of 303 K, and releasing 1.57 wt% hydrogen within 400 s at 338 K. Electrochemical experiments manifest that the Mo-added alloy electrode has perfect activation properties and the maximum discharge capacity. The low-temperature dischargeability shows that the La0.75Mg0.25Ni3.05Co0.2Al0.05Mo0.2 alloy exhibits the excellent low-temperature discharge performance, and the maximum discharge capacity is improved from 231.0 to 334.6 mAh/g at 253 K. The HRD property of the alloy electrode is enhanced, suggesting that Mo enhances the kinetic ability at low-temperature.     

Spontaneous infiltration and wetting behaviors of a Zr-based alloy melt on a porous SiC substrate

The spontaneous infiltration and wetting behaviors of a Zr-based alloy melt on porous a SiC ceramic plate were studied using the sessile drop method by continuous heating and holding for 1800 s at different temperatures in a high-vacuum furnace. The results showed that the Zr-based alloy melt could partly infiltrate the porous SiC substrate without pressure due to the effect of capillary pressure. Wettability and infiltration rates increased with increasing temperature, and interfacial reaction products (ZrC_0.7 and TiC) were detected in the Zr-based alloy/SiC ceramic system, likely because of the reaction of the active elements Zr and Ti with elemental C. Furthermore, the redundant element Si diffused into the alloy melt.     

铝、镁脱氧钢中夹杂物的动态演变规律

本研究制备了不同氧、硫含量的实验钢,采用SEM-EDX和CSLM探讨了钢中夹杂物类型及高温演变规律.结果表明,脱氧生成的MgO大多为球形,而MgO·Al2O3呈现不规则形状.单独铝脱氧钢中Al2O3夹杂物通过移动、碰撞、聚合的方式形成大型簇团.铝镁复合脱氧钢中夹杂物形貌和动态演变随着［Al］,［Mg］和［S］含量的变化呈现出不同的现象.当［Mg］,［Al］含量满足MgO生成条件时,夹杂物无明显聚合现象,呈弥散分布的特征;当［Mg］,［Al］含量位于MgO·Al2O3生成区域时,未观察到团簇状夹杂物出现,但夹杂物粒径较MgO大;当夹杂物成分同时满足MgO和MgS生成条件时,夹杂物聚合趋势明显,推测是硫化物的形成促进了夹杂物的聚合现象.     

铅黄铜复合分离法除Pb工艺探讨

简述了目前国内外铅黄铜除Pb工艺的现状,在分析复合分离法除Pb的理论基础上得出了Ca元素除Pb的可行性.归纳总结了Si-Ca及Mg-Ca除Pb剂对除Pb效果的影响及对除Pb后合金性能的影响.Si-Ca除Pb剂除Pb后,黄铜熔体中的Pb脱除率达到83%,但除Pb后黄铜基体中Si含量超标;Mg-Ca除Pb剂除Pb后,黄铜熔体中的Pb脱除率达到77.3%,基体中添加的Mg与Cu形成Cu₂Mg金属间化合物,在切削过程中起到与游离Pb相似的润滑、断屑作用,从而实现铅黄铜的脱Pb及再生环保易切削黄铜的开发.     

Effect of Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3sf</Subscript> addition on the friction and wear properties of (SiC<Subscript>p</Subscript>+Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3sf</Subscript>)/Al2024 composites fabricated by pressure infiltration

Aluminum (Al) 2024 matrix composites reinforced with alumina short fibers (Al₂O_3sf) and silicon carbide particles (SiC_p) as wear-resistant materials were prepared by pressure infiltration in this study. Further, the effect of Al₂O_3sf on the friction and wear properties of the as-synthesized composites was systematically investigated, and the relationship between volume fraction and wear mechanism was discussed. The results showed that the addition of Al₂O_3sf, characterized by the ratio of Al₂O_3sf to SiC_p, significantly affected the properties of the composites and resulted in changes in wear mechanisms. When the volume ratio of Al₂O_3sf to SiC_p was increased from 0 to 1, the rate of wear mass loss (K_m) and coefficients of friction (COFs) of the composites decreased, and the wear mechanisms were abrasive wear and furrow wear. When the volume ratio was increased from 1 to 3, the COF decreased continuously; however, the K_m increased rapidly and the wear mechanism became adhesive wear.     

石墨纤维增强铝基复合材料表面稀土成膜过程

采用含稀土Ce盐的化学溶液浸泡工艺在石墨纤维增强铝基(Gr/Al)复合材料表面制备无毒、无污染稀土耐蚀膜层,并对不同时间稀土Ce盐在Gr/Al复合材料表面的成膜情况进行研究.铝基体和石墨纤维表面均覆盖稀土膜层,此类稀土膜呈现"干泥"状,覆盖于Gr/Al复合材料表面.EDS面扫描结果表明:Al、O、C、Si、Ce和Mg是组成膜的主要元素;成膜30 min,稀土Ce质量分数达14.44%;成膜120 min,稀土Ce质量分数增加到47.48%.通过对其成膜过程进行研究,提出了膜层微裂纹的形成机制,其电化学成膜机理符合"微阴极成膜机理".由于稀土转化膜的存在,腐蚀过程中析氢和吸氧反应均受到抑制,同时还抑制阳极反应的发生.