烧结铁矿中FeO含量对其在富氢高炉中还原行为的影响

Japan started the national project “COURSE 50” for CO₂ reduction in the 2000s. This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO₂ emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-based ironmaking by 30% by around 2030 and use it for practical applications by 2050. The idea is that instead of coke, hydrogen is used as the reducing agent, leading to lower fossil fuel consumption in the process. It has been reported that the reduction behavior of hematite, magnetite, calcium ferrite, and slag in the sinter is different, and it is also considerably influenced by the sinter morphology. This study aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of sinters in hydrogen enriched blast furnace with different mineral morphologies in CO–CO₂–H₂ mixed gas. As an experimental sample, two sinter samples with significantly different hematite and magnetite ratios were prepared to compare their reduction behaviors. The reduction of wustite to iron was carried out at 1000, 900, and 800°C in a CO–CO₂–H₂ atmosphere for the mineral morphology-controlled sinter, and the following findings were obtained. The reduction rate of smaller amount of FeO led to faster increase of the reduction rate curve at the initial stage of reduction. Macro-observations of reduced samples showed that the reaction proceeded from the outer periphery of the sample toward the inside, and a reaction interface was observed where reduced iron and wustite coexisted. Micro-observations revealed three layers, namely, wustite single phase in the center zone of the sample, iron single phase in the outer periphery zone of the sample, and iron oxide-derived wustite FeO and iron, or calcium ferrite-derived wustite 'FeO' and iron in the reaction interface zone. A two-interface unreacted core model was successfully applied for the kinetic analysis of the reduction reaction, and obtained temperature dependent expressions of the chemical reaction coefficients from each mineral phases.     

Mg和La对Ca–Ti 处理钢中夹杂物演变和组织的影响

The evolution of inclusions and the formation of acicular ferrite (AF) in Ca–Ti treated steel was systematically investigated after Mg and La addition. The inclusions in the molten steel were Ca–Al–O, Ca–Al–Mg–O, and La–Mg–Ca–Al–O after Ca, Mg, and La addition, respectively. The type of oxide inclusion in the final quenched samples was the same as that in the molten steel. However, unlike those in molten steel, the inclusions were Ca–Al–Ti–O + MnS, Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS, and La–Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS in Mg-free, Mg-containing, and La-containing samples, respectively. The inclusions distributed dispersedly in the La-containing sample. In addition, the average size of the inclusions in the La-containing sample was the smallest, while the number density of inclusions was the highest. The size of effective inclusions (nucleus of AF formation) was mainly in the range of 1–3 μm. In addition, the content of ferrite side plates (FSP) decreased, while the percentage of AF increased by 16.2% due to the increase in the number of effective inclusions in the La-containing sample in this study.     

具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

摩擦焊接碳钢（EN24）和镍基高温合金（IN718）的显微组织和力学性能

Continuous-drive rotary friction welding was performed to join cylindrical specimens of carbon steel (EN24) and nickel-based superalloy (IN718), and the microstructures of three distinct weld zones—the weld interface (WI)/thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), the heat-affected zone (HAZ), and the base metal—were examined. The joint was observed to be free of defects but featured uneven flash formation. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis showed substantial changes in high-angle grain boundaries, low-angle grain boundaries, and twin boundaries in the TMAZ and HAZ. Moreover, significant refinement in grain size (2–5 μm) was observed at the WI/TMAZ with reference to the base metal. The possible causes of these are discussed. The microhardness profile across the welded joint shows variation in hardness. The changes in hardness are ascribed to grain refinement, phase transformation, and the dissolution of strengthening precipitates. The tensile test results reveal that a joint efficiency of 100% can be achieved using this method.     

汽车暴露面板带有表面条状缺陷的夹杂物分布特征分析:一种定量电解方法

The specific distribution characteristics of inclusions along with the sliver defect were analyzed in detail to explain the formation mechanism of the sliver defect on the automobile exposed panel surface. A quantitative electrolysis method was used to compare and evaluate the three-dimensional morphology, size, composition, quantity, and distribution of inclusions in the defect and non-defect zone of automobile exposed panel. The Al₂O₃ inclusions were observed to be aggregated or chain-like shape along with the sliver defect of about 3–10 μm. The aggregation sections of the Al₂O₃ inclusions are distributed discretely along the rolling direction, with a spacing of 3–7 mm, a length of 6–7 mm, and a width of about 3 mm. The inclusion area part is 0.04%–0.16% with an average value of 0.08%, the inclusion number density is 40 mm?2 and the inclusion average spacing is 25.13 μm. The inclusion spacing is approximately 40–160 μm, with an average value of 68.76 μm in chain-like inclusion parts. The average area fraction and number density of inclusions in the non-defect region were reduced to about 0.002% and 1–2 mm?2, respectively, with the inclusion spacing of 400 μm and the size of Al₂O₃ being 1–3 μm.     

在酸性溶液中加压氧化三价砷离子和二价铁离子

The co-oxidation of As(III) and Fe(II) in acidic solutions by pressured oxygen was studied under an oxygen pressure between 0.5 and 2.0 MPa at a temperature of 150°C. It was confirmed that without Fe(II) ions, As(III) ions in the solutions are virtually non-oxidizable by pressured oxygen even at a temperature as high as 200°C and an oxygen pressure up to 2.0 MPa. Fe(II) ions in the solutions did have a catalysis effect on the oxidation of As(III), possibly attributable to the production of such strong oxidants as hydroxyl free radicals (OH·) and Fe(IV) in the oxidation process of Fe(II). The effects of such factors as the initial molar ratio of Fe(II)/As(III), initial pH value of the solution, oxygen pressure, and the addition of radical scavengers on the oxidation efficiencies of As(III) and Fe(II) were studied. It was found that the oxidation of As(III) was limited in the co-oxidation process due to the accumulation of the As(III) oxidation product, As(V), in the solutions.     

活化天然矿石选择性还原二氧化碳为无定形碳

Natural magnetite formed by the isomorphism substitutions of transition metals, including Fe, Ti, Co, etc., was activated by mechanical grinding followed by H₂ reduction. The temperature-programmed reduction of hydrogen (H₂-TPR) and temperature-programmed surface reaction of carbon dioxide (CO₂-TPSR) were carried out to investigate the processes of oxygen loss and CO₂ reduction. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the stability of spinel phases and oxygen-deficient degree significantly increased after natural magnetite was mechanically milled and reduced in H₂ atmosphere. Meanwhile, the activity and selectivity of CO₂ reduction into carbon were enhanced. The deposited carbon on the activated natural magnetite was confirmed as amorphous. The amount of carbon after CO₂ reduction at 300°C for 90 min over the activated natural magnetite was 2.87wt% higher than that over the natural magnetite.     

含钛高炉炉渣微波合成碳化钛及其介电性能测定

The preparation of functional material titanium carbide by the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag with microwave heating is an effective method for valuable metals recovery; it can alleviate the environmental pressure caused by slag stocking. The dynamic dielectric parameters of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag/pulverized coal mixture under high-temperature heating are measured by the cylindrical resonant cavity perturbation method. Combining the transient dipole and large π bond delocalization polarization phenomena, the interaction mechanism of the microwave macroscopic non-thermal effect on the titanium carbide synthesis reaction was revealed. The material thickness range during microwave heating was optimized by the joint analysis of penetration depth and reflection loss, which is of great significance to the design of the microwave reactor for the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag.     

微波功率对光学级金刚石膜生长的影响

采用微波PCVD系统进行了高品质透明金刚石膜的制备,在金刚石膜的沉积过程中,微波功率的变化直接影响着金刚石膜的生长和质量。用Raman,SEM等手段对金刚石膜的生长特性进行了表征。     

金刚石薄膜沉积时等离子体发射光谱

本文从微波等离子体发射光谱中,研究不同条件下用微波等离子体辅助化学气相沉积(MPCVD)法沉积金刚石薄膜。讨论了微波功率和沉积压力变化时,分析等离子体中电子的平均能量,研究MPCVD 法沉积金刚石薄膜。     

甲烷浓度对光学级金刚石膜生长的影响

采用微波PCVD系统进行了高品质透明金刚石膜的制备,在金刚石膜的沉积过程中,碳源浓度的变化直接影响着金刚石膜的生长和质量。用Raman,SEM等手段对金刚石膜的生长特性进行了表征。     

激光与微波功率对金刚石NV色心磁强计ESR谱线的影响研究

金刚石氮空穴色心磁强计广泛采用连续波光探测磁共振脉冲进行磁测,其灵敏度指标主要受到激光功率和微波功率影响.基于金刚石氮空穴色心系综搭建了一套共聚焦磁场检测系统,调节激光功率和微波功率测量相应的电子自旋共振谱的谱线半高宽和谱线对比度.实验表明,谱线半高宽主要受到微波功率影响,谱线对比度同时受到微波功率和激光功率影响;保持微波功率不变提高激光功率,观测到了明显的谱线半高宽变窄.系统的最优参数可分两步获得,首先调整微波功率获得较好谱线半高宽,再提高激光功率获得更好的对比度和谱线半高宽.      

CVD金刚石涂层附着性能研究

采用微波等离子体CVD（MPCVD）法在YG6硬质合金基体表面沉积金刚石涂层，在金刚石的形核和生长阶段分别采用不同的沉积条件，研究了分步沉积工艺对金刚石涂层形核，质量及其附着性能的影响，结果表明：采用分步优化的沉积工艺，可明显改善金刚石涂层与刀具基体之间的附着性能，这主要是由于基体表面形核密度的提高，增大了涂层与基体之间的实际接触面积。     

微波等离子体CVD方法制备金刚石薄膜

采用微波等离子体化学气相沉积方法分别在CH4／H2，CO／H2和（CH4＋CO）／H2气体体系下合成了金刚石薄膜．结果表明，所合成的金刚石薄膜具有明显的柱状生长特性和较高的品质，（CH4＋CO）／H2体系合成的金刚石薄膜具有较高的生长速率和（100）晶面定向生长的特性．     

含Si金刚石涂层的工艺研究

利用微波等离子体辅助化学气相沉积的方法,以H2、CH4和D4(八甲基环四硅氧烷)为沉积先驱物,探索了一种在硬质合金基底上制备出含Si元素的金刚石涂层的新工艺. 试图利用这种新的方法,进一步提高金刚石涂层对硬质合金基底的附着力. 实验结果表明:当D4的流量相对CH4的流量较大时,得到球团状的胞状组织;只有当D4和CH4的流量相当的情况下,才能沉积出质量较好的金刚石涂层,同时又含有少量的Si使金刚石涂层的附着力较好.     

气相法同质外延金刚石单晶薄膜的研究

本文以＜１００＞和＜１１１＞两种取向的金刚石为衬底，用微波ＰＣＶＤ法进行了同质外延实验，考察了衬底取向，反应气体，碳源浓度等因素对外延层形貌与结构的影响，给出了获得比较理想单晶外延层的实验条件。     

化学气相沉积金刚石窗的热和电磁性能分析

CVD金刚石窗的好坏对ECRH系统稳定安全运行有直接的影响。在CVD金刚石窗通过HE11模式的情况下,以CVD金刚石为传输线的微波窗片的材料,利用热力学有限元分析软件对输出窗进行了稳态热流固耦合分析和结构静力学分析,得到了最佳的冷却水流速,使CVD金刚石窗片中心温度和热应力最小;得到半径为38mm,厚度为1.36mm 的CVD金刚石窗片,能承受的最大连续波功率为1MW左右。然后利用自由空间法测得CVD金刚石窗的介电性能,在中心频点为140GHz时有较好的介电参数。为ECRH系统CVD金刚石窗高功率测试提供了可靠的理论依据。     

沉积高品质金刚石薄膜的MWPCVD系统

建立了用于沉积高品质金刚石薄膜的微波等离子体化学气相沉积系统，并对该系统的工作性能进行了研究．