酶解法制备的鱿鱼墨黑色素鉴定及理化性质

测定酶解法制备的鱿鱼墨黑色素紫外、红外吸收光谱特征,并研究其溶解性、酸碱稳定性、光稳定性、热稳定性理化性质.结果表明:酶解法制备的鱿鱼墨黑色素在紫外区220 nm有特征吸收,红外光谱最强峰在1 617.36 cm-1处,有典型的黑色素红外吸收特点.鱿鱼黑色素具有碱溶酸沉溶解特性,在pH大于9.0条件下色残率高.在自然光下稳定性高,自然光照120 min的色残率为对照的96%以上(P＞0.05),而紫外光照30 min后色残率降至52.1%.低温下加热稳定性高,65℃加热30 min时色残率为对照的95.4%.     

Sb2S3对枝状TiO2阵列的修饰及其在杂化太阳电池中的应用

为了提供多条电子传输通道,增加窄禁带半导体和有机半导体的负载量,采用一步水热法,在FTO基底上制备了由纳米管和纳米线组装而成的枝状TiO₂;通过化学浴沉积法,在枝状TiO₂上成功地制备了窄禁带半导体Sb₂S₃;利用SEM,XRD,紫外-可见吸收光谱,瞬态光电流,稳态荧光光谱及J-V曲线等手段,对样品形貌、晶型、吸光性能和光电性能进行了表征和测试,探究Sb₂S₃沉积时间对电池效率的影响。结果表明：稀疏的枝状TiO₂阵列垂直于FTO导电玻璃生长,为电荷传输提供了有利条件;Sb₂S₃的加入,加强了电极材料对可见光的吸收,提高了光电流强度及荧光猝灭强度,有利于光生载流子的产生和转移;由枝状TiO₂/Sb₂S₃(3 h)/P3HT/PEDOT∶PSS/Au构成的杂化太阳电池的能量转换效率达到了1.10%,是未沉积Sb₂S₃的杂化太阳电池能量转换效率的10倍。在多级结构TiO₂上沉积Sb₂S₃,有利于提高电极材料对可见光的吸收,加强光生载流子的传输能力,拓宽光谱响应范围,提高光电性能,对于解决单纯TiO₂电极吸收强度较弱和光谱响应范围较窄等问题具有重要意义。     

水在磁场作用后的特性变化研究

用能洞察分子与原子结构及其特性的红外吸收光谱和Raman谱, X射线衍射谱及紫外吸收光谱等现代技术, 并结合测量与分子结构相关的表面张力, 我们检测了磁场处理过的水的特性及改变情况. 和纯净水比较, 实验发现磁处理水的光谱特性和力学特性改变, 其中 X 射线衍射强度增强, 磁处理水加纳米Fe₂O₃的系统的谱线发生移动. 在远、中和近红外区磁处理水的红外吸收光谱和拉曼谱明显不同于纯净水, 不但强度增加, 而且有多个谱线发生频移并有一些新的吸收峰出现; 在2800~5500 cm^-1的红外吸收谱测定表明磁处理水具有明显的饱和效应和记忆效应, 在8050 cm^-1处有一新强峰出现; 紫外光谱吸收强度随时间的增加指数式地增强, 水的温度改变时它的红外吸收变化, 在高温区出现了一个不可逆的吸收过程和多个峰值产生等. 这是从未见过的特性. 同时发现, 与分子结构相关的水的接触角或表面张力在铜和石墨表面上减小, 表面浸润增加. 这些结果使我们能确认, 磁场确能使水磁化, 并具有一定磁性, 分子分布和原子极化改变; 在高温时, 磁处理水出现不可逆温度效应和多个新峰值. 从这些实验中我们洞察到水中存在许多水分子的团聚, 它们是磁场作用的耙点, 在它们之间存在磁相互作用等有意义的结果, 这些结果有助于揭示水的磁化机理.     

固定化细胞生产黑色素的研究

利用固定化产酷氨酸酶的假单胞菌以酪氨酸为底物生产黑色素。该黑色素的紫外扫描光谱图显示随波长的减小其吸收值增大，在２１０ｎｍ处有一吸收峰；红外光谱显示它在３μｍ和６μｍ处有吸收峰，从而证实它是一种黑色素。固定化细胞摇瓶半连续发酵产黑色素结果表明，最适温度为３７℃，最适ｐＨ为９．５。加入微量铜离子，供氧良好和较低的底物加入量有利于黑色素的生成。     

新型Corrole光敏剂的光物理特性

采用稳态和时间分辨的瞬态光谱技术对比研究了5种新型Corrole卤族衍生物Corrole-F, Corrole-Cl, Corrole-Br, Corrole-I和Corrole-2I的光物理特性. 稳态吸收光谱表明: 5种样品的光谱结构基本相同, 在420 nm附近有一个强吸收峰, 对应B带吸收; 在450~650 nm之间存在较弱的吸收峰, 对应Q带吸收. 光谱形状与卟啉单体相似, 但具有更强的Q带吸收. Corrole-F的吸收强度最小, 随着卤素原子序数和原子数量的增加, 吸收明显增强. 单卤代Corrole-I的吸收明显比双卤代的Corrole-2I强. 稳态荧光光谱表明: 5种样品的荧光峰均在650 nm处, 其中Corrole-F的发光强度最强, 且随着卤素原子序数和数量的增加, 发光强度明显减弱. 而单卤代Corrole-I的发光量子产率(0.947%)明显比双卤代Corrole-2I量子产率(0.381%)高. 荧光衰变动力学测量结果表明: 随着卤素原子序数和数量的增加, Corrole衍生物的荧光寿命变短, 而从S₁态跃迁到T₁态的系间窜跃时间急剧减小, 相应的系间窜跃几率迅速增大, 这有利于三线态量子产率的提高. 最后讨论了重原子效应对光动力学治疗中活性氧产生的影响.     

统一混合变速增长网络中熵与混合比的关系

研究了统一混合变速增长网络(UHVSG)中不同参数下网络的熵特性BGS和S_q,数值模拟计算了指数α、3个混合比dr,gr和fd 4个参数下BGS、S_q熵的变化关系.结果表明BGS和S_q 熵都随着α的增加而升高；BGS随着dr的增加而缓慢减小;fd对熵产生的影响比gr产生的影响更大; S_q随着fd和gr的增加而减少; S_q 受dr的变化影响较小. 相关结论将有助于理解UHVSG模型的演化机制, 为其在实际网络的应用设计提供一定科学依据.     

Sb2S3:P3HT共混物改善TiO2纳米棒阵列钙钛矿太阳电池的性能

为解决钙钛矿太阳电池中MAPbI₃的不稳定性问题,提高电池性能,对以TiO₂纳米棒阵列作为电子传输层、Sb₂S₃:P3HT共混物作为钙钛矿MAPbI₃修饰层的太阳电池进行了研究。首先,以SbCl₃作为锑源,Na₂S₂O₃作为硫源,采用溶剂热法制备合适尺寸的Sb₂S₃纳米球;其次,通过超声分散法将Sb₂S₃与P3HT在氯苯溶液中共混得到Sb₂S₃:P3HT共混物,将其旋涂于沉积了MAPbI₃薄膜的TiO₂纳米棒阵列上,形成FTO/TiO₂NR/MAPbI₃/Sb₂S₃:P3HT复合膜,制备成TiO₂纳米棒阵列MAPbI₃/Sb₂S₃:P3HT太阳电池;最后,采用SEM,XRD,J-V曲线和紫外可见吸收光谱等方法进行表征和测试。结果表明,制备的结构为FTO/TiO₂NR/MAPbI₃/Sb₂S₃:P3HT/Spiro-OMeTAD/Ag的太阳电池,能量转换效率（PCE）最高达到了14.73％,与未采用Sb₂S₃:[JP]P3HT共混物修饰的TiO₂纳米棒阵列MAPbI₃太阳电池相比,能量转换效率得到了明显提升。因此,Sb₂S₃:P3HT共混物能避免出现钙钛矿MAPbI₃被氧化的不稳定性问题,可有效提高TiO₂纳米棒阵列MAPbI₃太阳电池的性能。     

紫外吸光光度法测定厚朴酚及和厚朴酚的解离常数

 根据光度法测定酸解离常数的原理,采用紫外分光光度法测定了厚朴酚与和厚朴酚的解离常数(pKa),并用计算机和统计方法作数据处理.实验测得厚朴酚的解离常数pKa₁为7.10±0.11,pKa₂为10.58±0.36,和厚朴酚的pKa₁为9.64±0.03,pKa₂为10.71±0.21.方法简便,结果可靠准确.     

Fe2+/Na2S2O8法去除水中四环素的研究

本文研究了二价铁活化过硫酸钠法去除水中四环素(TC)的影响因素与机理,为四环素类废水的治理提供了新方法。研究结果表明,水中TC降解率随Na₂S₂O₈浓度的增大而增大;随TC浓度的增加而减小;随Fe₂₊浓度升高,TC降解率先增大再减小,说明过高浓度的Fe₂₊对反应产生抑制作用。在初始条件TC浓度为10 μM,Na₂S₂O₈浓度50 μM,Fe₂₊浓度50 μM,pH为3.4时,TC降解率可以达到92%。利用分子探针法证明了体系中产生的自由基为SO_4-?和?OH,其中SO_4-?为主要作用自由基。     

硫化铋复合材料的制备及其在生物分析中的应用研究

近些年来，生物分析技术广泛用于疾病检测、食品安全和环境监测等领域，对人类健康和环境保护有着重要意义，开发更高效、更灵敏的生物分析方法成为了研究热点。在探索不同材料性能的过程中，硫化铋(Bi₂S₃)引起了人们极大的兴趣，得到了高度开发。Bi₂S₃作为铋基材料之一，具有对人体无害，光电性能优良，易与其他材料复合等特点，因此被广泛应用于生物分析领域。综述了Bi₂S₃的特点和不同形貌Bi₂S₃的制备方法，并详细阐述了Bi₂S₃复合材料在不同类型的生物分析方法中的应用。总结了Bi₂S₃复合材料的优点以及在生物分析领域的巨大潜力。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.