全铰链Ⅲ级六杆机构的有曲柄条件

以Ⅲ级六杆机构为例，采用降级法加以研究。改变Ⅲ级机构的原动件，将其变为Ⅲ级机构，并用由此确定的机构极限位置为机构模型以建立Ⅲ级六杆机构的有曲柄条件。     

铰链四杆机构中RRR杆组装配模式

铰链四杆机构中的RRR二级杆组可能存在2种装配模式.运用几何学中三角形三边长的关系对铰链四杆机构中RRR杆组的装配模式进行探讨,得到铰链四杆机构中的RRR杆组两杆件共线的条件,进而结合Grashof条件得到了各种铰链四杆机构死点存在情况及在整个运动过程中RRR杆组装配模式发生变化的可能性.     

Ⅲ—Ⅳ级六杆机构的传力特性分析及曲柄存在准则

本文讨论了Ⅲ级六杆机构的曲柄存在准则及其使用方法；研究了几种六杆机构的传力特性；得出几条重要结论，提出用“合力臂”评价六杆机构传力特性的方法；并对常用六杆机构的实用性作出了定性的评价。     

基于阿苏尔杆组的混合驱动机构动力学建模分析

通过对定轴转动的刚体构件、II级杆组和RR-RR-RR型III级杆组进行动力学分析,建立了一种新的机构动力学分析计算模型,根据模型对混合驱动机构进行拆分,并对得到的相应杆组模块进行计算.最后,运用该计算模型对一种混合驱动九杆机构进行实例分析,得到常速电机和伺服电机的平衡力矩,证实此建模计算分析方法可用于简化混合驱动机构动力学参数的计算.     

复杂平面机构运动分析的角变量逼近法

将机构中的高级杆组的一个或几个多副构件离散化后将其划分为几个Ⅱ级杆组,根据机构运动的几何等同条件,通过逼近不同Ⅱ级杆组中的同一构件的角变量(角位移、角速度、角加速度),实现对复杂平面机构的运动分析,建立了一种模块化求解复杂平面机构的数学模型·该方法在逼近过程中实现了搜索方向及步长的自调整,使问题大大简化·程序运行结果验证了该方法的正确性和高效性     

空间杆组结构分析及全部零阶杆组的分类

应用螺旋理论从杆组的角度进行空间机构的结构分析,推导出各阶机构的结构公式.根据空间杆组的公共约束数确定空间杆组的阶数,空间杆组所包含的构件数确定空间杆组的级数.利用空间杆组的结构公式,按照阶数与级数对其分类,综合出零阶Ⅲ级以下的所有空间杆组.通过杆组结构分析,为空间机构的创新设计提供了理论依据.     

关于机构定义及平面多杆多环连杆机构一种分类法的商榷

给出了机构的一个新定义,提出将平面多杆多环连杆机构分为Ⅱ级组、准Ⅱ级组和非Ⅱ级组机构,并阐述了这种分类法的优越性。     

用约束构件快速搜索法求解高级杆组的位置问题

提出了一种简单、有效的解决高级杆组位置问题的方法——约束构件快速搜索法．它将复杂的高级杆组转化为一个约束构件、几个Ⅱ级杆组和包含虚拟变量的虚拟原动件,建立被转化的Ⅱ级杆组的位置参数与虚拟变量之间的函数关系,根据约束构件的装配条件形成优化目标,使用一维搜索方法获得原高级杆组的位置解、该方法具有很好的收敛速度,适用于任意复杂的高级杆组,对所提方法的原理和分析步骤进行了介绍,编制了通用的高级平面机构的可视化分析程序．通过对含RR—PR—RPⅢ级杆组的多功能家用缝纫机送料机构的分析实例,演示了该方法的具体应用．     

齿轮-五杆组合机构运动学特征仿真分析

机械手常采用齿轮-五杆组合机构完成物料抓取动作,它由定轴轮系匀速旋转,向两自由度五杆机构传递运动.由于Ⅱ级杆组轨迹通过第Ⅰ级两个齿轮转角合成为位移输出,致使外伸点位移计算过程相对复杂,基于零件坐标变换求解的通用办法给出齿轮-杆组合机构的运动学推导结果,但编写程序完成仿真及后处理过程仍相对困难.为直观表达机构运动学规律,由AD-AMS软件建立参数化模型,通过改变杆件长度、传动比和连架杆起始角相位差,寻求连架杆输出轨迹的改变规律.仿真结果表明齿轮对两曲柄的运动关联输出导致增大连架杆初始相位角时,外伸杆端点轨迹在横、纵两方向上均增大.     

用一维优化对III级以上平面机构进行运动分析

提要利用间接法的原理,将Ⅲ级或Ⅲ级以上的平面机构转化为Ⅱ级机构,然后调用Ⅱ级杆组运动分析的通用子程序求解.对求解过程中的关键问题——位置分析,提出了用一维优化的方法求解.此方法无需建立位置分析解析式,只需要调用Ⅱ级杆组位移分析子程序和一维优化子程序.其求解方便,初值范围宽,精度高,计算速度快,具有通用性.文中有两个计算实例,便于在微机上应用.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.