Effect of groove rolling on the microstructure and properties of Cu–Nb microcomposite wires

Cu–Nb microcomposite wire was successfully prepared by a groove rolling process. The effects of groove rolling on the diffraction peaks, microstructure, and properties of the Cu–Nb microcomposite were investigated and the microstructure evolutions and strengthening mechanism were discussed. The tensile strength of the Cu–Nb microcomposite wire with a diameter of 2.02 mm was greater than 1 GPa, and its conductivity reached 68% of the International Annealed Copper Standard, demonstrating the Cu–Nb microcomposite wire with high tensile strength and high conductivity after groove rolling. The results show that an appropriate groove rolling method can improve the performance of the Cu–Nb microcomposite wire.     

添加或未添加 Cu?Nb 的超低碳高强度钢焊接金属的显微组织和力学性能

Two types of ultralow carbon steel weld metals (with and without added Cu?Nb) were prepared using gas metal arc welding (GMAW) to investigate the correlation between the microstructure and mechanical properties of weld metals. The results of microstructure characterization showed that the weld metal without Cu?Nb was mainly composed of acicular ferrite (AF), lath bainite (LB), and granular bainite (GB). In contrast, adding Cu?Nb to the weld metal caused an evident transformation of martensite and grain coarsening. Both weld metals had a high tensile strength (more than 950 MPa) and more than 17% elongation; however, their values of toughness deviated greatly, with a difference of approximately 40 J at ?50°C. Analysis of the morphologies of the fracture surfaces and secondary cracks further revealed the correlation between the microstructure and mechanical properties. The effects of adding Cu and Nb on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the weld metal are discussed; the indication is that adding Cu?Nb increases the hardenability and grain size of the weld metal and thus deteriorates the toughness.     

Modeling of microstructure evolution and mechanical properties during hot-strip rolling of Nb steels

An integrated metallurgical model was developed for Nb steels to predict the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties during the hot-strip rolling and cooling process. On the basis of the industrial data, the transformation kinetics, strength, and elongation rate were evaluated for different chemical compositions and processing parameters. The yield strength and tensile strength increase with increasing Nb content or decreasing finishing temperature. The bainite distributed in finer ferrite matrix, which is produced at relatively low coiling temperatures, can greatly increase the strength of steel, especially tensile strength, thereby decreasing the yield ratio. A reasonable agreement was found between the predicted and measured results. It indicates that the present models can be used to simulate the actual production process.     

Effect of cold rolling process on microstructure and mechanical properties of high strength β titanium alloy thin sheets

The microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-3.5Al-5Mo-6V-3Cr-2Sn-0.5Fe high strength titanium alloy sheets prepared by unidirectional cold rolling and two-step cross cold rolling were investigated. Results showed that the β phase grains were refined significantly by cold rolling followed by solution treatment for a short time.Compared to unidirectional cold rolling, the short time solution treatment after two-step cross rolling could significantly reduce the non-uniformity of the microstructure of the alloy sheets. After aging treatment at 550 ℃,the anisotropy of the mechanical properties still existed in the unidirectional rolled sheets, and the tensile strength was highest along the rolling direction. After solution and aging treatment, the anisotropy of the mechanical properties of the two-step cross rolling process sheet was not obvious than unidirectional cold rolling,and alloy had good strength and plasticity matching.     

Preparation of high-strength Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Fe alloy via heat treatment and rolling

An Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Fe alloy was solid-solution treated at 560°C for 3 h and then cooled by water quenching or furnace cooling. The alloy samples which underwent cooling by these two methods were rolled at different temperatures. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the rolled alloys were investigated by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, and tensile testing. For the water-quenched alloys, the peak tensile strength and elongation occurred at a rolling temperature of 180°C. For the furnace-cooled alloys, the tensile strength decreased initially, until the rolling temperature of 420°C, and then increased; the elongation increased consistently with increasing rolling temperature. The effects of grain boundary hardening and dislocation hardening on the mechanical properties of these rolled alloys decreased with increases in rolling temperature. The mechanical properties of the 180°C rolling water-quenched alloy were also improved by the presence of β″ phase. Above 420°C, the effect of solid-solution hardening on the mechanical properties of the rolled alloys increased with increases in rolling temperature.     

A β-type TiNbZr alloy with low modulus and high strength for biomedical applications

The effect of thermo-mechanical treatment on the mechanical properties of a novel β-type Ti–36Nb–5Zr(wt%) alloy has been investigated.The solution treated alloy consists of β and α″ phases and exhibits a two-stage yielding with a low yield stress(around 100 MPa). After cold rolling at a reduction of 87.5% and subsequent annealing treatment at 698 K for 25 min, a fine microstructure with nanosized α precipitates distributed in small β grains as well as high density of dislocations was obtained to achieve a yield strength of 720 MPa and a ultimate tensile strength of 860 MPa. In spite of the formation of α precipitates, the β-stabilizers are not enriched in the parent β matrix due to the short duration and low temperature of the thermal treatment, resulting in a low chemical stability of β phase. The low stability of β phase and the small volume fraction of α precipitates produce a low Young’s modulus of 48 GPa. Such an excellent combination of low elastic modulus and high strength in mechanical properties indicates great potential for biomedical applications.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of SiC-particle-strengthening tri-metal Al/Cu/Ni composite produced by accumulative roll bonding process

In this study, a multilayer Al/Ni/Cu composite reinforced with SiC particles was produced using an accumulative roll bonding (ARB) process with different cycles. The microstructure and mechanical properties of this composite were investigated using optical and scanning microscopy and hardness and tensile testing. The results show that by increasing the applied strain, the Al/Ni/Cu multilayer composite converted from layer features to near a particle-strengthening characteristic. After the fifth ARB cycle, a composite with a uniform distribution of reinforcements (Cu, Ni, and SiC) was fabricated. The tensile strength of the composite increased from the initial sandwich structure to the first ARB cycle and then decreased from the first to the third ARB cycle. Upon reaching five ARB cycles, the tensile strength of the composite increased again. The variation in the elongation of the composite exhibited a tendency similar to that of its tensile strength. It is observed that with increasing strain, the microhardness values of the Al, Cu, and Ni layers increased, and that the dominant fracture mechanisms of Al and Cu were dimple formation and ductile fracture. In contrast, brittle fracture in specific plains was the main characteristic of Ni fractures.     

Microstructure s and mechanical properties of Ti3Al/Ni-based superalloy joints arc welded with Ti –Nb and Ti– Ni – Nb filler alloys

Dissimilar joining of Ti3Al-based alloy to Ni-based superalloy has been carried out using gas tungsten arc(GTA) welding technology with Ti–Nb and Ti–Ni–Nb filler alloys.The joint welded with the Ti–Nb filler alloy contained much less interfacial brittle phases than the one using the Ti–Ni–Nb filler alloy.The average room-temperature tensile strength of the joint welded with Ti–Nb was 202 MPa and the strength value of the one welded with Ti–Ni–Nb was 128 MPa.For both fillers,the weak links of the dissimilar joints were the weld/In718 interfaces.The presence of TiNi,TiNi3 and Ni3Nb intermetallic compounds in the joint welded with Ti–Ni–Nb induced microcracks at the weld/In718 interface and deteriorated the mechanical properties of the joint.And the adoption of the Ti–Nb filler alloy decreased the formation tendency of interfacial brittle phases to some extent and thus enhanced the tensile strength of the joint.     

Development of NiTiNb in-situ composite with high damping capacity and high yield strength

The shape memory alloys are well known to exhibit high damping capacity in martensite state, but possess low yield strength because of the reorientation or de -twining of the martensite variants. The high damping mechanism of shape memory alloys was introduced. The NiTiNb alloys with high yield strength and high damping capacity were designed and prepared. The microstructure evolution, martensitic transformation behavior, damping capacity and mechanical properties of series NiTiNb alloys were investigated. In view of the microstructure characteristic s of the NiTiNb in-situ composites, the mechanism associated with high damping capacity and high yield strength was discussed. The results show that NiTiNb alloys feature in in-situ composite, compo sed of primary NiTi(Nb) phase and fine lamellar eutectics of NiTi(Nb) and β-Nb.     

Effect of Al on microstructure and mechanical properties of as-extruded Mg–1Mn alloy sheet

The effect of Al addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of hot extruded Mg–1 Mn alloy sheet was investigated. The results revealed that the dynamic recrystallization was promoted by increasing Al content. The ultimate tensile strength and yield strength of the alloy increased with the increase of Al content. The Mg–9 Al–1 Mn alloy exhibited the highest strength, with tensile strength of 308 MPa, 307 MPa, 319 MPa, yield strength of 199 MPa, 207 MPa, 220 MPa and the elongation of 20.9%, 20.1%, 19.2% in 0°, 45°, 90°, respectively.The high strength was mainly attributed to the formation of fine dynamically recrystallized grains and large amounts of the second phase. The strengthening mechanism of the alloys was explained.     

轧制变形Cu-10Fe-2Ag-0.15Zr原位复合材料的组织和性能

通过分道次冷轧和多次中间退火工艺制备了Cu-10Fe-2Ag-0.15Zr原位复合材料,并对其组织、强度、电导率和形变量之间的关系进行了研究。研究表明形变量越大,Fe纤维越均匀细化,强度越高。中间退火可以在不损害其强度的情况下大幅提高其电导率。通过变形和中间退火的合理配合,可获得较好强度和电导率匹配。本实验较好的强度和电导率组合为820MPa/55.4%IACS和713MPa/61.3%IACS。     

时效强化对连续成型Al-Zr-Be合金导体组织性能的影响

为制备高导电率电工圆铝杆,借助材料电子拉伸试验机、双臂直流电桥、光学显微镜、恒温干燥箱、拉丝机,分析研究时效强化及冷拔加工对Al-Zr-Be合金导体组织与性能的影响.结果表明,时效强化及冷拔加工等强化方式可有效地改善合金组织,大幅度提高合金圆铝杆的抗拉强度,同时对等效导电率也具有一定的影响.运用连续铸挤工艺制备的Al-Zr-Be合金圆铝杆,经时效强化及冷拔加工后,直径3.5mm合金圆铝杆抗拉强度为140.24~148.62MPa,伸长率为2.6%~3.1%,等效导电率为61.42%~61.65%IACS.     

退火温度对单向纤维晶纯铜线材组织性能影响

对退火前后单向纤维晶纯铜线材组织进行了观察，测试了其力学与导电性能，结果表明：在300℃以下退火时，线材的金相显微组织与退火前相比没有明显变化，仍然保持为连续纤维晶，其抗拉强度有所下降，延伸率有所增加；在400℃退火时，线材发生完全再结晶，且有孪晶生成；500％退火时，再结晶晶粒长大；在400℃以上退火时，抗拉强度大幅度下降，延伸率显著增加；在200～400℃的范围退火时，电导率增加，但增幅较小。     

热处理和冷变形对连续定向凝固Cu-Ag合金性能的影响

研究了连续定向凝固Cu-Ag合金铸态试样及其经过大变形冷加工后线材的微观组织和性能,分析了热处理和冷变形对连续定向凝固合金的强度和电导率的影响.经过大变形冷加工后,Cu-Ag合金具有致密的纤维组织结构,强度进一步增加,电导率略有下降.在低温热处理后,Cu-Ag合金强度增加,电导率得到恢复.高温热处理时,Cu-Ag合金强度和电导率都下降.     

控轧温度区间对含Nb热轧多相钢组织和性能的影响

以含Nb微合金化试验钢为研究对象,通过3个不同精轧温度区间的轧制+层流冷却、空冷、超快冷的TMCP工艺获得了含有铁素体、贝氏体、马氏体以及少量残余奥氏体的显微组织.分析了控轧温度区间对含Nb微合金化试验钢显微组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明,在控冷工艺参数相近的情况下,随着精轧开轧温度和终轧温度的降低,试验钢的抗拉强度减小,屈服强度、延伸率和强塑积增大.其中采用850～800℃的温度区间精轧+层流冷却、空冷、超快冷的TMCP工艺时,试验钢的屈服强度、延伸率和强塑积分别达到了513MPa,35%和25235MPa.%的最大值.     

异步热轧对低合金钢显微组织及力学性能的影响

分别采用同步热轧及异速比为1.2的异步热轧对低合金钢进行热轧,研究异步热轧对低合金钢显微组织及力学性能的影响机制.结果表明,与同步热轧相比,异步热轧可显著促进低合金钢奥氏体/铁素体相变,提高热轧钢板厚度方向的组织均匀性.同步热轧工艺下,钢板表层为细晶铁素体层,厚度1/4或1/2处组织为粗大的贝氏体.异步热轧工艺下,钢板板厚方向主要为均匀的铁素体组织.两种热轧条件下,实验钢的抗拉强度和延伸率相当,分别为710~718 MPa和20%.采用异步热轧代替同步热轧后,实验钢的屈服强度由526MPa提高至561 MPa.这主要是由于同步热轧的钢板相变强化占主导,而异步热轧的钢板细晶强化相对较强.     

复合轧制工艺对Al/Mg复合板冶金结合层组织和性能的影响

采用AZ31镁合金和纯铝进行高温复合轧制制备镁-铝复合板,使其兼具铝的表面耐蚀性和镁合金的高比强度特性.采用金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和电子万能拉伸机等设备,研究了不同热轧温度及退火工艺参数对铝-镁复合界面的显微组织和结合强度的影响.结果表明：300 ℃轧制,镁-铝复合板出现严重边裂;450 ℃轧制,边裂消失;在轧制温度为400 ℃、压下率为50%、300 ℃退火2 h的条件下得到的复合板界面结合强度最大,为7.5 MPa.     

高强高导Cu-Sn-Fe合金的微观组织与性能

采用自制的铜模具制备不同成分Cu-xSn-yFe(其中x、y表示质量百分比)合金,研究对比了铸态及不同处理态下Cu-xSn-yFe合金抗拉强度和电阻率的变化规律。结果表明:随着Sn和Fe添加量的增加,Cu-xSn-yFe合金的抗拉强度和电阻率均增加。正火处理会增加合金电阻率,而与正火态的电阻率相比,轧制后的电阻率皆较低。Sn含量的变化对Cu-xSn-yFe合金电阻率的影响较大,降低含Sn量可改善Cu-xSn-yFe合金的导电性。经退火处理后,Cu-xSn-yFe合金的电阻率明显降低,抗拉强度也会略有所降低。当Fe含量为10 wt·%,Sn含量为3 wt·%时,该合金冷轧制处理后的抗拉强度达775 MPa,但电阻率仅为7.509μΩ·cm.当Fe含量为5 wt·%,Sn含量为2 wt·%时,该合金经退火处理后其抗拉强度为552 MPa,且电阻率为1.92μΩ·cm.     

TMCP工艺对Si--Mn系贝氏体钢组织与性能的影响

研究了轧后中温缓慢冷却与中温等温两种不同的热机械控制工艺( thermomechanical control process, TMCP)对硅锰系贝氏体钢的组织与性能的影响。通过拉伸试验机测试试验钢的力学性能,利用扫描电子显微镜、电子背散射衍射等分析手段对试验钢进行显微组织结构分析,并利用X射线衍射测定残余奥氏体含量。结果表明：随着轧后连续缓慢冷却开始温度的升高,贝氏体钢的抗拉强度、硬度及拉伸应变硬化指数n值有所提高,伸长率和冲击韧性降低,屈强比先降低后升高。随着轧后等温时间的延长,贝氏体钢的抗拉强度与屈强比先降低后升高,伸长率及冲击韧性先升高后降低。相对于等温制度,连续缓慢冷却可得到更好的综合力学性能,强塑积明显高于前者,伸长率比前者高20%以上。