Improved strength and ductility of high alloy containing Al-12Zn-3Mg-2.5Cu alloy by combining non-isothermal step rolling and cold rolling

Al-12Zn-3Mg-2.5Cu alloy was prepared using a liquid metallurgy route under the optimized conditions. A sample cut from the ingot was rolled non-isothermally from 400℃ to 100℃ in 100℃ steps, with 15% reduction in thickness; it was then cold rolled isothermally at room temperature for 85% reduction. The cold-rolled alloys were characterized by electron microscopy, hardness test, and tensile test to elucidate their structural evolution and evaluate their mechanical behavior. In the results, the cast alloy consists of α-aluminum and various intermetallic compounds. These compounds are segregated along the grain boundaries, which makes the alloy difficult to roll at room temperature. The combined effect of non-isothermal step rolling and cold rolling results in the nano/microsized compounds distributed uniformly in the matrix. The hardness is substantially increased after rolling. This increase in hardness is attributed to the ultra-fine grain size, fine-scale intermetallic compounds, and structural defects (e.g., dislocations, stacking faults, and sub-grains). The ultimate tensile strength of the rolled alloy is approximately 628 MPa with 7% ductility.     

High temperature tensile properties,fracture behaviors and nanoscale precipitate variation of an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy

In order to assess Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys as potential high temperature structural materials,the hardness,tensile properties and fracture behaviors of 7085 Al alloy were investigated at various temperatures from room temperature to 175℃.High-resolution transmission electron microscopy was used to investigate the evolutions of precipitates at different temperatures,particularly on the relationship between microstructural evolution and tensile strength.The results reveal that both the microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloy are quite sensitive to the environmental temperature.As the temperature increases,the hardness and strength decrease while the elongation and reduction of area increase.As tensile testing temperature rises,the strain hardening exponent(n) decreases due to the thermal softening effect.The fracture mode of the alloy transforms from mixture of intergranular and transgranular fracture to completely transgranular dimples when tensile testing temperature reaches 150℃.The precipitate sequence during high temperature tests is coincident with that of aging.With the increase of tensile testing temperature,the mean precipitate radius grows larger,and the distribution of grain boundary precipitates transforms from continuous to discontinuous.     

TMCP工艺对Si--Mn系贝氏体钢组织与性能的影响

研究了轧后中温缓慢冷却与中温等温两种不同的热机械控制工艺( thermomechanical control process, TMCP)对硅锰系贝氏体钢的组织与性能的影响。通过拉伸试验机测试试验钢的力学性能,利用扫描电子显微镜、电子背散射衍射等分析手段对试验钢进行显微组织结构分析,并利用X射线衍射测定残余奥氏体含量。结果表明：随着轧后连续缓慢冷却开始温度的升高,贝氏体钢的抗拉强度、硬度及拉伸应变硬化指数n值有所提高,伸长率和冲击韧性降低,屈强比先降低后升高。随着轧后等温时间的延长,贝氏体钢的抗拉强度与屈强比先降低后升高,伸长率及冲击韧性先升高后降低。相对于等温制度,连续缓慢冷却可得到更好的综合力学性能,强塑积明显高于前者,伸长率比前者高20%以上。     

Effect of rheo-diecast process on the mechanical properties of A390 alloy by serpentine channel

In this paper, the effects of rheo-diecast process parameters and T6 heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the rheo-diecasting (RDC) semi-solid A390 alloy prepared through pure copper serpentine channel were investigated. The results indicate that the mechanical properties of the RDC samples change with the pouring temperature and injection pressure. In this case, a lower pouring temperature results in better tensile strength and elongation of the RDC A390 alloy; however, the tensile strength and elongation decrease when the pouring temperature decreases to 660°C. Higher injection pressures result in the improved mechanical properties of the RDC A390 alloy. To some extent, T6 heat treatment improves the tensile strength and ductility of the RDC A390 alloy compared to those of the non-heat treated alloy. However, when the pouring temperature and injection pressure are greater than 670°C and 70 MPa, respectively, the mechanical properties are sharply diminished.     

Effect of cold rolling process on microstructure and mechanical properties of high strength β titanium alloy thin sheets

The microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-3.5Al-5Mo-6V-3Cr-2Sn-0.5Fe high strength titanium alloy sheets prepared by unidirectional cold rolling and two-step cross cold rolling were investigated. Results showed that the β phase grains were refined significantly by cold rolling followed by solution treatment for a short time.Compared to unidirectional cold rolling, the short time solution treatment after two-step cross rolling could significantly reduce the non-uniformity of the microstructure of the alloy sheets. After aging treatment at 550 ℃,the anisotropy of the mechanical properties still existed in the unidirectional rolled sheets, and the tensile strength was highest along the rolling direction. After solution and aging treatment, the anisotropy of the mechanical properties of the two-step cross rolling process sheet was not obvious than unidirectional cold rolling,and alloy had good strength and plasticity matching.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of cryorolled AZ31 magnesium alloy sheets with different initial textures

AZ31 magnesium alloy sheets with different strong textures were cryorolled at the liquid-nitrogen temperature to the strain of 4% and 8%. The microstructure and texture of the rolled sheets were investigated via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The mechanical properties of the sheets were tested through in-plane uniaxial tensile tests at ambient temperature. The tensile stress was exerted in the rolling direction (RD) and transverse directions (TD). The microstructural and textural evolutions of the alloy during cryorolling were investigated. Due to active twining during rolling, the initial texture significantly influenced the microstructural and textural evolutions of the rolled sheets. A {1012} extension twin was found as the dominated twin-type in the cryorolled samples. After cryogenic rolling, the ductility of the samples decreased while the strength increased. Twinning also played an important role in explaining the mechanical differences between the rolled samples with different initial textures. The samples were significantly strengthened by the high stored energy accumulated from cryorolling.     

Zn对5083合金显微组织和力学性能的影响

研究了5083合金添加1.5%~5%Zn(质量分数)对合金显微组织和力学性能的影响.通过SEM和EDS对铸态、均匀化处理后和轧制态合金的微观组织进行了表征并测试轧制态合金的拉伸性能.结果表明:铸态合金随Zn含量的增加偏析程度增加,金属间化合物主要为富Mg和富Zn相.均匀化处理后的合金具有良好的轧制性能,均匀化处理后合金金属间化合物量明显减少,部分未溶金属间化合物是Mg_2Si和Al_3Fe相.轧制显著降低晶粒尺寸,轧制试样的晶粒尺寸约150 nm.随着Zn含量增加轧制态合金的屈服强度和抗拉强度增加,延伸率有所下降.     

Improvement of tensile behaviours of a γ'-Co3(Al,W) strengthened polycrystalline Co-9Al-4.5W-4.5Mo-2Ta-0.02B alloy at room-and high-temperatures by doping Ce

The microstructures and tensile behaviours of cerium (Ce) doped polycrystalline Co-9Al-4.5W-4.5Mo-2Ta-0.02B alloys (doped 0.05 and 0.2 at.% Ce) at room temperature (RT) and 600–800 °C were investigated. In-suit tensile test under SEM was conducted to understand the deformation and damage mechanisms at RT. Aged at 800 °C for 50 h, the 0.05Ce alloy consisted of a Co solid-solution matrix (γ-Co_SS) and nano-scale cuboidal γ′-Co₃(Al, W) precipitates, while for the 0.2Ce alloy, κ-Co₃(W, Mo) precipitates and γ′-depleted zone were present at the grain boundaries in addition to the γ/γ′ microstructure. The 0.05Ce alloy exhibited flow stress anomalies at 700 °C. With higher Σ1∼3 boundary fraction and cleaned-up grain boundary, the 0.05Ce alloy always showed greater strength and elongation than the 0.2 Ce alloy with the grain boundary precipitates at temperatures up to 800 °C. Doped 0.05 at.% Ce made the Co-9Al-4.5W-4.5Mo-2Ta-0.02B alloy have an excellent elongation of 6.1% at 700 °C, owing to a mixed transgranular dimple plus intergranular cleavage fracture. The slip bands transferring through the low-angle grain boundary and slipping of the γ′-Co₃(Al, W) in the 0.5Ce alloy resulted in excellent ductility of 20.4% at RT.     

Effect of Al on microstructure and mechanical properties of as-extruded Mg–1Mn alloy sheet

The effect of Al addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of hot extruded Mg–1 Mn alloy sheet was investigated. The results revealed that the dynamic recrystallization was promoted by increasing Al content. The ultimate tensile strength and yield strength of the alloy increased with the increase of Al content. The Mg–9 Al–1 Mn alloy exhibited the highest strength, with tensile strength of 308 MPa, 307 MPa, 319 MPa, yield strength of 199 MPa, 207 MPa, 220 MPa and the elongation of 20.9%, 20.1%, 19.2% in 0°, 45°, 90°, respectively.The high strength was mainly attributed to the formation of fine dynamically recrystallized grains and large amounts of the second phase. The strengthening mechanism of the alloys was explained.     

Influence of hot-rolling on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a near β-type Ti-5.2Mo-4.8Al-2.5Zr-1.7Cr alloy

In this work, the 90° clock rolling and the uni-directionally rolling processes at high temperature were carried out on the near β-type Ti-5.2Mo-4.8Al-2.5Zr-1.7Cr titanium alloy cutting from an ingot, respectively. The corresponding microstructures were quantitatively characterized, and its effect on the dynamic mechanical properties and fracture mechanism were emphatically investigated. It was found that after 90° clock rolling, the microstructure composed of equiaxed primary α phase(α_p) with an average size of about 2 ?μm and the β transformed regions containing the acicular secondary α phase(α_s) with an average thickness of about 50 ?nm and the separated β phase was obtained. However, in the uni-directionally rolled titanium alloy, no acicular α_s was observed, and the corresponding microstructure consisted elongated lamellar α phase (average thickness: about 1.3 ?μm), few equiaxed α phase (average grain size: about 300 ?nm) and the inlaid β phase. The microstructural difference of the hot-rolled titanium alloys was closely related to the deformation process. Moreover, a great number of α_p and α_s in the 90° clock rolled titanium alloy effectively enhanced the strength, and the dynamic compressive strength reached to 1730 ?MPa. Furthermore, equiaxed α_p was conducive to the homogeneous deformation, which counteracted the localized deformation caused by acicular α_s to a certain extent and made the 90° clock rolled titanium alloy exhibit an acceptable critical fracture strain of about 10.5%. Moreover, the fracture microstructures showed that the main failure mode of the 90° clock rolled and the uni-directionally rolled titanium alloy were ductile fracture and brittle fracture, respectively.     

固溶制度对Al-5.6Cu-1.7Mg-0.2Zr-0.1Sr-0.6Ti合金挤压材组织性能的影响

通过金相组织分析、扫描电子显微镜分析、X射线衍射、硬度、电导率、室温拉伸性能、断后伸长率和抗晶间腐蚀等微观组织观察及性能表征,研究了四种不同固溶制度对Al-5.6Cu-1.7Mg-0.2Zr-0.1Sr-0.6Ti合金微观组织和性能的影响。结果表明：随着固溶温度的升高,合金中的晶粒逐渐变大;当固溶温度低于520℃时,合金中的未溶相的数量和尺寸随着固溶温度的升高而减小;当固溶制度为510℃×2 h+520℃×2 h时,合金中的未溶相开始增多,合金出现轻微过烧,断后伸长率及抗晶间腐蚀性能变差,但抗拉强度最高,达到了490.14 MPa。合金的位错强度和位错贡献值随着固溶温度的升高而减小,合金中的强化效果主要来源于固溶强化和时效析出强化。合金在T6状态下,(490℃×2 h+500℃×2 h)和(500℃×2 h+510℃×2 h)两种不同固溶制度下的抗拉强度和断后伸长率等力学性能和抗晶间腐蚀性能都较优,这两种固溶制度均是适合Al-5.6Cu-1.7Mg-0.2Zr-0.1Sr-0.6Ti合金的固溶制度。     

氩气保护条件下碳对AM60镁合金组织性能的影响

在氩气保护精炼条件下研究了煤粉、石墨粉、碳纤维等形态的碳元素对AM60镁合金组织与性能的影响,探讨了C元素对其合金组织的细化机理。研究结果表明,在AM60镁合金中加入少量不同形态的碳元素能有效地改善其显微组织,使AM60镁合金的铸态室温力学性能有了不同程度的提高;当碳以纤维状态加入时,合金室温铸态力学性能的提高幅度最大,其抗拉强度和延伸率分别达到了242.4 MPa和13.2%,分别在原合金的基础上提高了23%和2.5倍。     

Effect of continuous annealing parameters on the mechanical properties and microstructures of a cold rolled dual phase steel

A cold rolled dual phase (DP) steel with the C-Si-Mn alloy system was trial-produced in the laboratory, utilizing a Gleeble-3800 thermal simulator. The effects of continuous annealing parameters on the mechanical properties and microstructures of the DP steel were investigated by mechanical testing and microstructure observation. The results show that soaking between 760 and 820℃ for more than 80 s, rapid cooling at the rate of more than 30℃/s from the quenching temperature between 620 and 680℃, and overaging lower than 300℃ are beneficial for the mechanical properties of DP steels. An appropriate proportion of the two phases is one of the key factors for the favorable properties of DP steels. If the volume fraction of martensite and, thereby, free dislocations are deficient, the tensile strength and n value of DP steels will decrease, whereas, the yield strength will increase. But if the volume fraction of martensite is excessive to make it become a dominant phase, the yield and tensile strength will increase, whereas, the elongation will decrease obviously. When rapid cooling rate is not fast enough, pearlite or cementite will appear, which will degrade the mechanical properties. Even though martensite is sufficient, if it is decomposed in high temperature tempering, the properties will he unsatisfied.     

High temperature tensile properties and fracture behavior of cast nickel-base K445 superalloy

The tensile properties and fracture behavior of a cast nickel-base superalloy K445 in the temperature range of 25-1 000℃were investigated.The microstructure and fracture surfaces of the alloy were investigated by OM,SEM and TEM.The results revealed that an anomalous yield strength phenomenon exists in the alloy at medium high temperature.The yield strength decreases gradually with the increase of temperature,reaches the minimum value at 650℃,and then increases again to obtain 940 MPa,which is almost the ...     

Improving the tensile properties of extruded Mg–Ga alloy by ageing treatment

A hot-extruded Mg-5Ga alloy was subjected to ageing treatment at 150 ?°C, 190 ?°C and 230 ?°C. The microstructures and mechanical properties of the extruded and aged alloy were examined in this study. Microstructure examinations suggested that particle-shaped and rod-shaped Mg₅Ga₂ were precipitated in the alloy after peak ageing treatment. The extruded alloy showed the yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and elongation to fracture of 157.6 ?MPa, 248.6 ?MPa and 17.5%, respectively. After peak ageing, the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength can be enhanced by as much as 15.7% and 8.6% reaching 182.3 ?MPa and 270 ?MPa, respectively. The improvement of the tensile strengths is mainly attributed to the enhanced precipitation strengthening by newly formed fine Mg₅Ga₂ precipitates. The ductility of the alloy was slightly increased by peak ageing at low temperatures (150 ?°C and 190 ?°C), but remarkably decreased by peak ageing at high temperature (230 ?°C) due to the formation of coarsened Mg₅Ga₂ particles which easily initiated the cracks during tensile deformation.     

钨合金力学行为的计算机数值模拟─—宏观力学性能

在微观力学行为分析的基础上，对90W合金宏观力学性能及其与微观结构因素（粘结相力学参数）之间的关系进行了计算机数值模拟研究．结果表明：钨合金性能与粘结相力学参数密切相关．随着粘结相弹性模量增加，合金的抗拉强度增加，但延伸率降低．当粘结相屈服强度800MPa时，合金抗拉强度随粘结相屈服强度增加而增大，在粘结相屈服度为800MPa时达到最大值．随粘结相抗拉强度增加，合金抗拉强度和延伸率均呈近似线性规律增加．合金延伸率对粘结相应变硬化模量极为敏感．     

连续挤压Al-1.1Mg-0.3Cu合金的拉伸性能和加工硬化行为

为了提高Al-1.1Mg-0.3Cu合金线杆的拉伸性能,通过金相、透射电镜、扫描电镜显微组织观察和拉伸试验分别对连续挤压态及拉拔退火态合金的微观组织和拉伸性能进行了研究.结果表明:连续挤压成形工艺有助于进一步改善合金的拉伸性能,与传统拉拔后退火处理工艺相比,通过连续挤压工艺制备的合金组织晶粒细小而均匀,沉淀相和位错密度较少,致使合金的延伸率相对较高而加工硬化率相对较低;此外,相比传统工艺,由连续挤压工艺制备的合金拉伸试样断口形貌中韧窝更深、更细小.     

Effect of carbon addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of a typical hard-to-deform Ni-base superalloy

In this paper, the as-cast microstructure, microsegregation, and mechanical properties of GH4151 superalloys with a carbon addition were studied by scanner electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), differential thermal analyzer (DSC), and electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD). The results show that the solid solution effect of carbon in alloys is limited, the addition of C from 0.01 to 0.08 ​wt% significantly refines the secondary dendrite spacing(SDAS) from 61.7 to 57.4 and 51.8 ​μm. Due to the influence of thermal solutal convection, the most severe segregation is found in the C-0.04 alloy, and the solidification ranges of C-0.01, C-0.04, and C-0.08 alloys are 87 ​°C, 96 ​°C, and 83 ​°C, respectively. Owing to the reduced solidification pores and formed finely dispersed carbides, C-0.04 shows excellent ultimate tensile strength (442 ​MPa) and superior total elongation (1.368%) at 1100 ​°C much better than that of C-0.01(130.7 ​MPa, 0.085%) and C-0.08(248 ​MPa, 1.026%).     

控轧温度区间对含Nb热轧多相钢组织和性能的影响

以含Nb微合金化试验钢为研究对象,通过3个不同精轧温度区间的轧制+层流冷却、空冷、超快冷的TMCP工艺获得了含有铁素体、贝氏体、马氏体以及少量残余奥氏体的显微组织.分析了控轧温度区间对含Nb微合金化试验钢显微组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明,在控冷工艺参数相近的情况下,随着精轧开轧温度和终轧温度的降低,试验钢的抗拉强度减小,屈服强度、延伸率和强塑积增大.其中采用850～800℃的温度区间精轧+层流冷却、空冷、超快冷的TMCP工艺时,试验钢的屈服强度、延伸率和强塑积分别达到了513MPa,35%和25235MPa.%的最大值.     

超声波功率对铸轧5182铝合金带坯组织性能的影响

采用超声波连续铸轧工艺制备5182铝合金带坯,研究了超声波功率对5182铝合金带坯组织性能的影响.结果表明：施加超声波振动可细化5182铝合金带坯的晶粒组织,减轻元素的偏析程度.超声波的功率越大,5182铝合金带坯的晶粒越细小,元素偏析程度越小,拉伸力学性能越高.当超声波功率为800 W时,5182铝合金带坯的抗拉强度为211.4 MPa,伸长率为18.4%,与未施加超声波振动相比,此时5182铝合金带坯的抗拉强度提高了15.8%,伸长率提高了26.0%.