中低速磁浮诱发交通枢纽换乘中心振动响应研究

针对中低速磁浮诱发机场综合交通枢纽换乘中心（GTC）振动问题,建立磁浮列车-轨道梁耦合振动模型和轨道梁-GTC-土体有限元模型,采用两步法对车致GTC振动响应特征、传播规律和振级进行分析.磁浮列车采用多体动力学建模,轨道梁采用有限元法建模,两者之间通过线性化磁轨关系形成耦合振动模型,并通过与现场实测结果对比验证了模型的正确性.基于所建立的耦合振动模型,获取H型钢轨枕与承轨台之间的扣件力时程并将其施加在轨道梁-GTC-土体模型上,通过瞬态分析得到了GTC典型观测点的动力响应.结果表明：磁浮列车诱发振动沿高度方向传播时,结构柱和楼板的振动响应均随高度的增加先减小后增大,沿水平方向传播时,振动响应随距离的增大而快速衰减;GTC振动响应存在明显的倍频现象,即扣件力主频倍频处振动响应的功率谱密度曲线存在明显峰值;当车速为60 km/h时,车辆激励主频与轨道梁一阶竖向自振频率接近,此时观测点的1/3倍频程最大振级大于其他车速;当磁浮列车以60~120 km/h车速通过GTC时,各楼层最大Z振级均未超过规范限值,表明该机场GTC具有良好的整体刚度.     

板梁耦合振动响应仿真分析

板梁耦合结构是典型的中频振动结构。针对现有的确定性数值分析方法在中频预测的不足,基于波函数法(WBM)理论提出了预测板梁耦合结构的振动响应方法。在Kirchhoff薄板与Euler-Bernoulli梁振动响应基础上,以振动位移与转角为耦合量,运用加权余量法推导了板梁耦合结构的系统矩阵,建立了板梁耦合结构的波函数法模型。以四边固支的矩形板与细长梁耦合结构为例进行了验证,其100Hz时的振动响应位移云图与50~500Hz频响结果表明,相较于有限元(FEM)模型,基于波函数法的板梁耦合结构振动响应模型能有效预测更高频率的振动响应,且该模型有着更高的收敛性,在相同计算精度下,计算成本(模型自由度与计算时间)降低明显。     

磁悬浮大跨度桥梁车桥耦合系统动力响应

以规划中的株洲段磁浮跨湘江大桥为背景,推导出磁浮列车系统的总势能,根据弹性系统总势能不变值原理和对号入座法则,建立磁浮列车—桥梁耦合系统动力响应方程。基于Fortran语言编制计算程序,对中低速磁浮列车—大跨度桥梁的耦合振动特性进行分析研究,通过改变磁浮列车—桥梁耦合系统的动力响应参数,包括行车速度、列车载重、车道数及轨道不平顺,分析各参数对车桥耦合系统的影响规律,并综合采用狄克曼指标和Sperling指标对磁浮列车的行车舒适性进行分析判断。结果表明：桥梁振动舒适性良好,动力参数分析所得结论可为磁浮桥梁设计施工、日常运营管理提供参考。     

基于预先补偿和全状态反馈控制的车-轨耦合振动抑制

以高速磁浮列车为研究对象,探讨了弹性轨道下的车-轨耦合振动问题。建立了能反映实际问题的车-轨耦合最小悬浮单元模型,并进行了开环系统稳定性和耦合振动机理分析。以弥补比例-积分-微分（PID）控制器有效信息利用不足为出发点,设计了基于预先补偿的全状态反馈控制器。通过仿真分析了反馈增益矩阵对系统跟踪性能和振动抑制能力的影响,提出了适当降低对悬浮间隙的要求换取振动抑制能力提升的思路。进一步分析了反馈系数对悬浮系统性能的影响规律,基于此得到了优化的预先补偿和全状态反馈控制框架。最后,通过实验验证了基于预先补偿的全状态反馈控制对抑制车-轨弹性耦合振动的有效性。     

城市轨道交通列车-浮置板式轨道系统竖向振动模型

针对浮置板式轨道结构特点,取相邻2个扣件之间的轨道为1个轨段单元,钢轨视为连续弹性点支承Euler梁,浮置板视为弹性薄板,扣件系统及橡胶支座均模拟为线性弹簧及粘滞阻尼器,建立浮置板式轨道振动模型;将城轨列车中的车辆均离散为多刚体系统,各刚体之间通过线性弹簧及粘滞阻尼器相连,建立列车振动模型;将浮置板式轨道及列车振动势能叠加,得到系统竖向振动总势能：基于弹性系统动力学总势能不变值原理及形成系统矩阵的“对号入座”法则,建立此系统竖向振动矩阵方程;采用Wilson-θ逐步积分法求解此矩阵方程,得出此系统竖向振动响应。研究结果表明：采用浮置板式轨道振动模型计算的钢轨竖向位移为4．18mm。浮置板竖向位移为0．69mm,与已有研究结果吻合良好：城轨列车以速度60km／h在浮置板式轨道上运行时的系统竖向振动响应波形图符合物理概念,响应的量值反映了系统竖向振动的通常幅值。     

中低速磁浮车辆与U型梁耦合振动响应

为了评估中低速磁浮列车在U型梁上的走行性能,建立了考虑比例?积分?微分（PID）反馈控制的磁浮列车动力学模型,以及轨排和梁高1.7 m、跨度25 m的U型轨道梁有限元模型。利用开发的磁浮交通分布式协同仿真平台,计算了20~100 km·h^-1速度下磁浮车?轨?桥系统的动力学响应。结果表明：U型梁跨中挠度、电磁铁悬浮间隙变化量、车体和U型梁梁体的竖向加速度随车速提高变化不大,U型梁跨中挠度不超过3.00 mm,跨中F型导轨最大竖向位移约3.81 mm,悬浮间隙波动量小于1.00 mm,车体质心最大竖向加速度为0.13 m·s^-2;梁端和跨中接缝处轨排的竖向加速度随车速提高先减小后增大,最大加速度达到5.0g。中低速磁浮列车在U型轨道梁上能够稳定悬浮和安全平稳运行。     

高速磁浮列车悬浮间隙仿真预测

基于长短时记忆（LSTM）神经网络提出了一种可用于高速磁浮列车的电磁铁悬浮间隙预测方法。考虑高速磁浮列车运行过程中受到的气动荷载，建立了列车仿真模型并计算列车的动态响应；通过PyCharm建立LSTM神经网络，并以高速磁浮列车仿真模型计算结果为样本集，构建了高速磁浮列车电磁铁悬浮间隙预测模型。最后，通过对预测模型计算结果和评价指标进行评判，验证了所提出的电磁铁间隙预测算法的准确性。     

基于Kalman滤波的弹性轨道上磁悬浮车辆控制方法

为研究弹性轨道上磁悬浮列车的车轨耦合振动问题,以单磁铁-弹性轨道梁系统为对象,搭建单磁铁悬浮系统的车轨耦合振动数学模型,利用Kalman滤波器的状态估计功能,设计出2种状态反馈控制器,对比分析2种控制策略下悬浮系统的稳定特性。基于MATLAB/RTW及dSPACE系统搭建弹性梁磁悬浮实时控制试验台,验证考虑轨道弹性的控制策略的有效性。研究结果表明:若不计轨道梁的阻尼作用,不考虑轨道弹性的控制策略无法实现对磁悬浮系统的稳定控制,但在给定轨道梁阻尼的前提下,提高轨道梁刚度也可以使得系统稳定;考虑轨道弹性的控制方法,即使不计轨道梁的阻尼,也能够使系统在较低刚度的轨道梁上稳定悬浮。     

一种新型磁悬浮线路设计方案及悬浮控制方法

针对磁悬浮列车系统的车轨耦合振动问题,提出一种新型的磁悬浮轨道线路设计方案.为研究该方案的可行性,以单铁悬浮系统为研究对象,搭建了单铁系统在新型轨道线路上的车轨耦合振动数学模型,利用状态观测器,将磁轨的振动状态引入控制系统,采用状态反馈的方法设计出控制策略,分析了磁浮线路中各主要参数对系统稳定性的影响.结果表明,所提出的控制方法能够在忽略水泥梁的阻尼情况下依然保持系统的稳定;新型磁悬浮线路中电磁铁的响应与电磁铁相对于水泥梁的位置无关,易于控制器的设计及车轨耦合问题的彻底解决;增大磁轨的质量和减小磁轨垫板刚度有利于系统的稳定.     

跨座式单轨车轨耦合系统振动信号采集频率分析

针对跨座式单轨车轨耦合系统振动信号采集时,振动信号采集频率会对车轨耦合动力响应数据处理结果产生影响,利用有限元分析软件建立跨座式单轨车轨耦合系统模型,探究不同车速下车辆与轨道梁振动响应随振动信号采集频率变化的趋势,进而得出适宜于车辆与轨道梁振动信号采集频率范围。研究结果表明：若振动信号采集频率过低,会导致车轨耦合振动响应结果失真,采集频率过高,对结果的精度提高效果并不明显;车辆振动信号采集频率宜不低于200 Hz;轨道梁垂向、横向振动加速度信号采集频率最低值分别为600 Hz和1500 Hz,且车速越高,振动信号采集频率对轨道梁振动加速度结果准确性影响越大。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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