PZT薄膜的相转变与晶格参数的研究

研究Ｓｏｌ－ｇｅｌ制备ＰＺＴ薄膜材料相结构与晶格参数,研究ＰＺＴ薄膜相变、衬底与温度关系和不同Ｚｒ／Ｔｉ比Ｐｂ（ＺｒｘＴｉ１－ｘ）Ｏ３（ｘ＝０．２～０．８）。结果表明：ＰＺＴ薄膜从烧绿石相向钙钛矿相转变的温度在Ｐｔ衬底上为６００℃,在不锈钢上为６５０℃。ＰＺＴ铁电体薄膜的晶格参数和晶格畸变随Ｚｒ／Ｔｉ比的不同而变化;在铁电四方相区,随Ｚｒ含量增加,ａ＝ｂ轴逐渐增大,ｃ轴稍有缩短,四方晶系发生畸变;     

（Pb、Ca、La）TiO_3陶瓷的溶胶－凝胶制备和特性

用溶胶－凝胶工艺制备了Ｐｂ_（０．９５－ｘ）Ｃａ_（０．０５）Ｌａ_ｘＴｉ_（１－ｘ／４）Ｏ_３（Ｘ＝０．０５～０．２）系统的微粉和陶瓷，该材料密度可达理论密度值的９０％以上。研究了该陶瓷的物理和电性质，所测得热释电系数ｐ＝２．２０×１０~（－８）～３．１７×１０~（－８）Ｃ／ｃｍ~２·Ｋ，并具有负温度系数效应。讨论了对应Ｔｉ—Ｏ_Ｉ伸缩振动铁电软模和Ｏ_Ｉ－Ｔｉ－ＯＩＩ、（Ｐｂ、Ｃａ、Ｌａ）－（ＴｉＯ_３）的弯曲振动红外和远红外吸收光谱。根据陶瓷极化前后ＸＲＤ谱强度的变化，计算了该陶瓷极化后电畴在空间的择优取向分布。     

低电阻率PTCR热敏陶瓷材料的研制

采用草酸盐和铵盐溶液法制备ＰＴＣＲ热敏陶瓷的前驱体（Ｂａ＿ｘＳｒ＿（１－ｘ））ＴｉＯ＿３和（Ｂａ＿ｙＰｂ＿（１－ｙ））ＴｉＯ＿３，加入半导化剂Ｓｂ＿２Ｏ＿３、或Ｎｂ＿２Ｏ＿５，以及ＡＳＴ剂（Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３、ＳｉＯ＿２和ＴｉＯ＿２）等，研制成功低电阻率（ρ≈１０Ω．ｃｍ）　的ＰＴＣＲ热敏陶瓷产品。     

短波长In_xGa_（1－x）As_yP_（1－y）材料的LP－MOVPE生长

本文研究了用低压金属有机化学气相外延（ＬＰ－ＭＯＶＰＥ）技术，以三申基镓（ＴＭＧａ）、三甲基铟（ＴＭＩｎ）为Ⅲ族源，ＡｓＨ＿３和ＰＨ＿３为Ⅴ族源，在（１００）方向掺Ｓ的ｎ￣＋ＩｎＰ衬底上生长短波长Ｉｎ＿ｘＧａ＿（１－ｘ）Ａｓ＿ｙＰ＿（１－ｙ）材料的生长条件，并用双晶Ｘ射线衍射（ＤＣＤ）和光荧光（ＰＬ）对不同条件下生长的短波长Ｉｎ＿ｘＧａ＿（１－ｘ）Ａｓ＿ｙＰ＿（１－ｙ）材料进行了表征。     

铅铈和常用板栅合金在硫酸溶液中生长的阳极膜的比较

用伏安法研究在４．５ｍｏｌ．ｄｍ＾－３Ｈ２ＳＯ４溶液中的Ｐｂ－Ｃｅ（ｘ（Ｃｅ）＝１％）合金上生长的阳极膜,并与Ｐｂ－Ｓｂ（ｘ（Ｓｂ）＝７％）和Ｐｂ－Ｃａ－Ｓｎ（ｘ（Ｃａ）＝０．５％,ｘ（Ｓｎ）＝１．５）两常用板栅合金的作比较,实验结果表明,Ｐｂ－Ｃｅ合金上生长的α－ＰｂＯ２和Ｐｂ（ＩＩ）氧化物的生长速率均显著低于Ｐｂ－Ｃａ－Ｓｎ的,但高于Ｐｂ－Ｓｂ,也即Ｐｂ－Ｃｅ的耐腐蚀性优于Ｐｂ－Ｃａ－Ｓｎ,但     

铋系2234高Tc超导材料掺铁的特性研究

在高Ｔｃ超导体Ｂｉ＿１．６Ｐｂ＿０．４Ｓｒ＿２Ｃａ＿３Ｃｕ＿４（１－ｘ）Ｆｅ＿４ｘＯｙ中，我们发现由于Ｃｕ部分被Ｆｅ元素替代，其超导特性发生改变，样品的电阻——温度关系，交流磁化率——温度关系都与不同Ｆｅ含量有关。同时研究了得到铋系单相性好的超导材料的烧结工艺。     

Ba＿（1－x）Sr＿xTiO＿3（0≤X≤1）固溶体的合成及性质研究

本文用四氯化钛、氯化钡、氯化锶分别作为钛、钡、锶源，用草酸作沉淀剂，首先在６５℃反应制得Ｂａ＿（１－Ｘ）Ｓｒ＿ＸＴｉＯ（Ｃ＿２Ｏ＿４）＿２·４Ｈ＿２Ｏ先驱物，在５Ｏ℃烘干后，再于８００℃的烧１小时，得到Ｂａ＿（１－Ｘ）Ｓｒ＿ＸＴｉＯ＿３白色粉末。经Ｘ─射线衍射分析证明，当ｘ分别为０和１时，产品分别为四方晶系钛酸钡和立方晶系钛酸锶，其它为由四方晶系向立方晶系过渡的固溶体。晶胞参数计算可知，该固溶体为完全互溶固溶体，结果符合Ｖｅｇａｒｄ定律。电镜形貌分析证明粒度为０．３～０．５μｍ。制陶试验证实，ＢａＴｉＯ＿３纯相掺锶后，居里点普遍前移，介电常数均有所提高，当产品组成为Ｂａ＿（０．９）Ｓｒ＿（０．１）ＴｉＯ＿３时，居里点前移２０℃，介电常数为７４００，比钛酸钡纯相的介电常数提高了４倍。     

Sol-gel法合成Bi_(1.6)Pb_(0.3)Sb_(0.1)Sr_2Ca_2Cu_3O_x体系的超导材料的研究

本文用Ｓｏｌ－ｇｅｌ法合成了Ｂｉ１．６Ｐｂ０．３Ｓｂ０．１Ｓｒ２Ｃａ２Ｃｕ３Ｏｘ体系的高ＴＣ超导原粉，对于不同的烧结时间，材料的超导性有不同程度的差异，（超导转变温度为１０８．３～１１６．１Ｋ）并与同种方法合成的Ｂｉ１．７Ｐｂ０．３Ｓｒ２Ｃａ２Ｃｕ３Ｏｘ体系进行了比较．用Ｓｏｌ－ｇｅｌ法，在Ｂｉ系中掺杂Ｐｂ，同样会缩短烧结时间（缩短６０ｈ），促进高温相的形成，同时掺杂Ｐｂ，Ｓｂ，形成超导材料所需的烧结时间进一步缩短（缩短１５３ｈ）．利用ＳＥＭ和Ｘ－ｒａｙ观察和分析了样品的形貌特征和物相结构．Ｓｏｌ－ｇｅｌ法具有工艺简单，烧结时间短，样品颗粒均匀、粒度小、组分易控等优点，在高ＴＣ超导材料中不失为一种行之有效的材料制备工艺．     

Bi Pb Sr Ca Cu O F超导体的结构

对Ｂｉ￣（１．７）Ｐｂ￣（０．３）Ｓｒ＿２Ｃａ＿２Ｃｕ＿３Ｏ＿（ｙ－ｘ）Ｆ＿ｘ（ｘ＝０．８）超导体Ｔ＿ｃ介于１１４～１１８Ｋ的样品进行ＳＥＭ和ＴＥＭ结构观察．超导体的晶粒尺寸大小不一，内部孔洞较多，元素的成分分布极不均匀．含Ｆ样品存在２种结构的２２２３相，其中含Ｆ的２２２３相沿ｂ＿Ｆ方向的调制周期为１３．８８，不含Ｆ的２２２３相沿ｂ方向的调制周期为９．４２，含Ｆ单胞在ａｂ面的点阵常数略有收缩．Ｆ取代部分Ｏ是产生调制周期变长和Ｔ＿ｃ提高的原因．     

Sol—gel法合成Bi1.6Pb0.3Sb0.1Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox体系的超…

本文用Ｓｏｌ－Ｇｅｌ法合成了Ｂｉ１．６Ｐｂ０．３Ｓｂ０．１Ｓｒ２Ｃａ２Ｃｕ３Ｏｘ体系的高Ｔｃ超导原粉，对于不同的烧结时间，材料的超导性有不同程度的差异，并与同种方法合成的Ｂｉ１．７Ｐｂ０．３Ｓｒ２Ｃａ２Ｃｕ３Ｏｘ体系进行了比较。用Ｓｏｌ－ｇｅｌ法，在Ｂｉ系中掺杂Ｐｂ，同样会缩短烧结时间，促进高温相的形成，同时掺杂Ｐｂ，Ｓｂ，形成超导材料所需的烧结时间进一步缩短。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.