外源nfeC基因导入快生型大豆根瘤菌菌株HN01的行为分析

ｎｆｃＣ基因是从慢生型大豆根瘤菌中克隆到的，与竞争结有关的基因。     

Extra-copy nifA enhances the nodulation efficiency of Sinorhizobium fredii

Previous investigations have shown that nifA gene is involved in nodulation and symbiotic nitrogen fixation regulation of Rhizobium. We study the role of nifA on nodulation of leguminous plants. We found that Sinorhizobium fredii harboring multi-copy plasmid carrying the constitutively expressed Klebsiella pneumoniae nifA exhibited an increase of noduiation activity and nodulation competitiveness on soybean plants. The Nod-factor secreted by the rhizobia cells containing the multi-copied nifA was assayed,and preliminary results showed that S. fredii containing the multi-copy plasmid carrying nifA produced higher strength of Nod-factor than the rhizobia containing the same plasmid carrying the vector did.     

Cloning and analysis of the antagonistic related genes of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Enterobacter cloacae</Emphasis> B8

To understand the antagonistic mechanism of the broad spectrum antagonistic Enterobacter cloacae B8,Tn5 transposon-mediated mutagenesis is performed using suicide plasmid pZJ25. Two mutant strains that lost antagonistic character are isolated. Tagging with kanr gene on Tn5,an antagonistic related DNA fragment, the F fragment, right of the Tn5 insertion site is cloned in a plasmid named pTLF,from one of the mutant strains B8F. The 733 bp F fragment is then sequenced after subcloning. Genomic DNA of the original B8 strain is isolated, digested with Pst I and ligated to Pst I cassette. DNA fragments left and right of the F fragment are amplified from the Pst I cassette library using cassette primer and specific primers designed according to known sequence. 1106 bp sequence left of the F fragment and 664bp sequence right of the F fragment are finally obtained. Bioinformatics analysis shows that the contig assembled from the sequences of the cloned antagonistic related DNA fragments of B8 encodes three ORFs and is homogeneous to admM,admN and admO genes of Pantoea agglomerans andrimid biosynthetic gene cluster (AY192157). The ORF, named anrF gene which encodes a polyketide synthase, knocked out by Tn5 insertion, is a homology of admM and the insertion site of Tn5 is at 214 bp upstream of the stop codon. It is concluded that the anrF gene is a gene related to the antagonistic activity of E. cloacae B8, and speculated that the antagonistic substance produced by B8 is an andrimid.     

慢生型大豆根瘤菌染色体的16kb EcoRⅠ DNA片段的亚克隆测序分析

亚克隆测序分析发现，在Bradyrhizobium japonicum的GX201菌株染色体的16kb EcoR I DNA区段上含有一个与putA基因同源的基因的ORF 3054（Open Reading Frame)，该基因ORF长3054bp，在核苷酸水平上与已报道的putA基因有94％一致性，其推断性的编码产物在氨基酸水平上与putA编码产物脯氨酸脱氢酶（ProDH)有95％一致性，利用Tn5gusA5诱变的方法获得了该同源基因的标记置换突变体，该突变体在液体培养基（YMA）中的生长速率比野生菌株慢。     

PRV广东株gE基因去信号肽片段的克隆与序列测定

根据伪狂犬病病毒（PRV）Rice株gE基因的序列设计并合成了1对引物,以我国PRV地方毒株广东株的基因组DNA为模板,通过PCR方法获得了一大小约1.6kb的DNA片段,并将其克隆到pMD18-T载体上进行测序,序列测定结果显示,该片段长1665bp,编码555个氨基酸,与PRV Rice株gE基因的核苷酸序列同源性为97.7%,氨基酸序列同源性为95.9%。     

Transmembrane structure and function of dctPQM encoding C4－dicarboxylate transport proteins from nitrogen－fixing P. stutzeri A1501

C4-dicarboxylate transport proteins of diazotroph Pseudomonas stutzeri were encoded by dctPQM genes. Nucleotide sequence analysis indicated that dctP, dctQ,and dctM grouped together. Its nucleotide and amino acid sequence shared high homology with that of dctP gene encoding periplasmic C4-dicarboxylate-binding protein and dctQM genes encoding C4-dicarboxylate transport proteins from the free-living nitrogen-fixing Aotobacter vinelandii.Structural analysis showed that DctP of P. stutzeri did not include membrane-spanning regions, and DctQ and DctM contained 5 and 12 transmembrane segments, respectively.The fragment containing the complete dctPQM genes was cloned into the Tn5 transposon region of suicide mobilization plasmid pSZ2L The resultant plasmid was named pSZY6.By triparental mating, Tn5 transposon carrying the dctPQM genes inserted into the genome of the wild type strain A1501,randomly. The recombinant strain A-142 which harboured an extra copy of dctPQM genes was constructed and identified by PCR amplification of npt II gene. When A-142 was grown in minimal medium with different concentrations (20,10 and 5mmol/L) of C4-dicarboxylates succinate, malate, or fumarate as the sole carbon source, the rate of nitrogen fixation assayed by acetylene reduction was significantly higher than that of the wild-type strain A150L This result was established that an extra copy of dctPQM genes could increase the activity of nitrogen fixation of P. stutzeri strain A1501.     

PheAB基因在棒状杆菌染色体上的整合

改造大肠杆菌质粒ｐＬＣＸ３１,切除其中的ｘｙｌＥ基因得到大肠杆菌质粒ｐＪＬ０１．将源于大肠杆菌分枝酸变位酶－预苯酸脱水酶基因２．３ｋｂ ＢａｍＨＩ片段克隆到大肠杆菌质粒ｐＪＬ０１中启动子Ｐ３２的下降,构建成质粒ｐＪＬ０２。再在ｐＪＬ０２的ＨｉｎｄⅢ位点接入棒状杆菌染色体的ＨｉｎｄⅢ消化的随机片段,构建成带不同棒状杆菌染色体片段而不带棒状杆菌自主复制顺序的棒状杆菌整合质粒ｐＪＬ０３。     

茄假单胞菌寄主花生特异性毒性基因的定位

通过对从茄假单胞菌中克隆的pGX1252进行亚克隆分析,发现含pGX1252右边4.5kbKpnI/EcoRI片段的亚克隆pGX1404仍象pGX1252一样能使对花生不致病菌株T2014在花生上致病.用转座子Tn5-loc对pGX1404进行了饱和插入诱变,一共分离得到6个在pGX1404上不同位置的独立插入突变,其中离pGX1404右末端约1.4kb、2.2kg的两个Tn5-loc插入使pGX1404丧失了扩大T2014寄主范围的能力,证实hsv基因位于pGX1404的右边.     

红色糖多孢菌红霉素抗性基因的克隆与鉴定

将红色糖多孢菌（Saccharopolyspora erythraea）的染色体DNA用PsTi酶切后与载体PUWL201连接，转化变沿青链霉菌（S.lividans)TK23的原生质体。采用双重抗性筛选得到了9个转化子。分别抽提其中的质粒并再次转化原生质体，在含红霉素的平板上各筛选约200个转化子，其中3个在抗性板上生长良好，分别命名为PLP42、PLP1b和PLP44。对其中的PLP42酶切分析表明，其含有约3.0Kb的红色糖多孢菌（Saccharopolyspora erythraea）染色体DNA片段，它的载体部分发生了缺失。以PUC18为载体，将PLP42的1.7kb-KpnI片断克隆、测序、经与Genebank的ermE基因顺序比较，证实巳克隆了Saccharopolyspora erythraea的抗性基因。     

一株好氧反硝化菌的特征及系统进化分析

从土壤中分离出一株好氧反硝化菌,命名为菌株HN．分离菌株呈革兰氏染色阳性,为球状或杆状,菌落颜色显橙红色．该菌株以硝酸钠为氮源时,进行好氧反硝化作用．能以乙酰胺为唯一碳源和氮源进行生长．它的部分长度16SrDNA序列分析表明,分离菌株HN与Rhodococcus ruber的16SrDNA序列具有99％相似性．实验采用PHYLIP程序对该菌株与报道菌进行系统发育进化分析。     

Expression of the intact C<Subscript>4</Subscript> type<Emphasis Type="Italic">pepc</Emphasis> gene cloned from maize in transgenic winter wheat

Maize intact C4-pepc gene was amplified through LA-PCR and successfully sub-cloned into modified vector pGreen0029 to form a stable expression construct named as pBAC214 (12 kb), which contains CaMV 35S promoter driven bar gene as selection marker. Comparing the cloned DNA sequences (6.7 kb) with published maize C4-pepc gene (GenBank accession E17154) sequences, the identity of DNA sequence alignment is 98.96%. There are only 49 differences between these two intact DNA sequences, of which 13 occur in the region of promoter, 18 in introns, and 18 in exons. The homology of mRNA sequence alignment is 99.38%, and the putative amino acids sequence identity is 99.38%. There are only 15 differences between these two mRNA, and these differences bring 4 sites mutant on the putative amino acids of PEPC protein. Through biolistic bombardment of PDS1000/He system, expression vector pBAC214 has been transformed into winter wheat. Southern blotting results show that the intact C4-pepc gene has been integrated into genome of winter wheat. SDS-PAGE analysis of leaf soluble protein in transgenic wheat showed that the intact C4opepc gene was well transcribed, spliced and translated as in maize. The enzyme activity of leaf PEPC in transgenic wheat has been detected. The activities of leaf PEPC increased over 3-5 times in some transgenic plants. The data of photosynthesis rate and transpiration rate of transgenic wheat flag leaves showed that the C4-pepc gene can increase the photosynthesis rate and transpiration rate of transgenic wheat.     

Regulation of eight avr genes by hrpG and hrpX in Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris and their role in pathogenicity

Eight putative avirulence genes in Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) strain 8004 were characterized by Tn5gusA5 mutagenesis and gene expression analysis. The virulence test of mutants on Chinese radish showed that all mutants in individual avr genes except avrBs2 mutant were not significantly different from the wild type in virulence. The avrBs2 mutant showed reduced virulence and bacterial growth in planta. Gene expression analysis using β-glucuronidase as reporter indicated that avrBs1.1，avrBs1，avrXccB，avrXccC，avrXccE1 were regulated by hrpG, whereas avrXccA1, avrXccA2 and avrBs2 were not. RT-PCR analysis showed that all hrpG-regulated genes except avrBs1 were also regulated by hrpX. In addition, it was demonstrated that avrBs1　 was responsible for elicitation of a type III dependent hypersensitive reaction (HR) on nonhost plant pepper ECW-10R, and wild type Xcc 8004 was unable to cause HR on pepper ECW-20R.     

鲫鱼肠道温和气单胞菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验

从鲫鱼肠道分离纯化获得一株细菌,编号为XA-2,对其进行形态观察,并对理化特性、16S rDNA克隆测序及系统发育进化树构建等研究．结果表明,XA-2菌株为革兰氏阴性短杆菌,可发酵葡萄糖产气;进一步采用 PCR方法克隆16S rDNA序列,测得长度为1508 bp ;对系统发育进化树分析,发现XA-2菌株与温和气单胞菌（Aero-monas sobria）模式菌株NCIMB 12065的亲缘关系最近,同源性达99.73％,从而鉴定XA-2菌株为温和气单胞菌．采用27种抗生素进行药敏试验,结果显示该菌株对头孢噻吩、头孢噻肟、头孢克肟、头孢哌酮、新霉素、诺氟沙星、复方新诺明等药物敏感,对先锋霉素Ⅳ、阿莫西林、庆大霉素、卡那霉素、红霉素等药物不敏感．     

表达鸡传染性支气管炎病毒SD/97/01株S1蛋白的重组杆状病毒的构建

采用BAC－TO－BAC杆状病毒表达载体体系构建了表达鸡传染性支管炎病毒（IBV）呼吸型毒株SD／97／01S1蛋白的重组杆病病毒，含SD／97／01株S1基因原重组质粒p MDSD9701S1用BamHI和SalI双酶切后，回收的片段并克琶杆病病毒转座载体pFASTBACHTa中多角体基因启动子的下游，筛选出重组转座质粒pFASTSD9701S1U并转化大肠杆菌DH10BAC后,获得重组穿梭质粒rBacmidSD9701S1，用重组穿俊质粒DNA转染昆虫Sf9细胞，获得了含SD／97／01S1基因的重组杆状病毒rAcSD9701S1，重组病毒感染Sf9细胞后，用SDS－PAGE、Westernblot和IFA对细胞表达产物进行检测和分析。结果表明：构建的重组杆状病毒能够在昆虫细胞中表达SD／97／01的S1蛋白，该蛋白具有天然蛋白的抗原性。     

西红花酸合成酶（7，8-二加氧酶）片段的克隆及在大肠杆菌中的表达与检测

根据已发表西红花酸合成酶（7,8-二加氧酶）基因序列设计PCR特异性引物,从西红花柱头总RNA中扩增并克隆到一段长为1.2 kb的片段.测序结果表明该片段含有两个序列.一个与已知西红花酸合成酶基因序列高度同源(同源性99％),命名为CsZCD;另一个的同源性为96%,命名为CsZCD-NEW.将CsZCD-NEW片段克隆到表达载体pQE31上,得到重组质粒CsZCD-NEW-pQE31.经IPTG诱导,重组质粒在E.coli M15中表达.     

rDNA介导的多拷贝整合表达载体的构建及其在酿酒酵母工业菌株中的应用

根据酵母整合质粒的设计要求,PCR扩增特定的2．2kb rDNA片段,并以此替换酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cereristae)整合载体YIp5的URA3片段;在此基础上,引入G418抗性基因KanMX和酵母磷酸甘油激酶(phosphoglycerale kinase,PGK)组成型强启动子和终止子序列(PGKp-t),构建适合酿酒酵母工业菌株高拷贝整合表达载体pYMIKP,以细菌木糖异构酶(xylose isomerase,XI)基因xy/A为目标基因,通过载体pYMIKP引入到酵母工业菌株NAN-27中,酵母转化子在非选择培养条件下,连续生长50世代质粒稳定性为99．72％,目标基因高拷贝重组菌的木糖异构酶比酶活是对照菌株的67．2倍,达到0．672U／mg蛋白,实现了外源基因在酿酒酵母工业菌株中的稳定高效表达。     

RAPD tagging of a salt tolerant gene in rice

A salt tolerant rice mutant was obtained through tissue culture. The inheritance of salt tolerance in F2 population of mutant crossed with its original variety under salt stress was studied. According to the standard, the ratio of salt tolerant: sensitive was about 3:1 suggesting that there was a major gene related to salt tolerance in the mutant. By RAPD analysis with 220 10-mer primers, the gene was tagged by a 1.0 kb DNA fragment named OPS12-10 which was located on chromosome 7. The genetic distance between the major salt tolerant gene was 16.4 cm.     

A novel gene <Emphasis Type="Italic">R049</Emphasis> identified in uropathogenic <Emphasis Type="Italic">Escherichia coli</Emphasis> provides partial protection in mice from colonization

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the most common causative organism of human urinary tract infection (UTI). Several UPEC virulence factors have been identified, but more are yet to be found. We previously identified a novel 789-bp-long DNA fragment (named R049) in UPEC strain 132 using a suppressive subtractive hybridization technique. In the present study, we used genome walking to elongate the sequence of this fragment to obtain the whole gene sequence and examined the role of this gene product in generating protective immunity. Through bioinformatic analysis, we predicted that this gene is a 1311-bp open reading frame (ORF), which we designated ORF_R049 (GenBank accession No.: EF488001). We further constructed a prokaryotic expression system to express full recombinant R049 protein and isolated and purified the protein through IPTG induction and nickel affinity chromatography. Using mouse immunosera generated by the purified protein, we confirmed the natural expression and outer membrane localization of the protein in wild-type strain UPEC132 by Western blotting. To test the potential of this protein as a vaccine candidate, we immunized mice with the recombinant protein before challenging them with UPEC132 through the urinary tract. The results showed significantly reduced bacterial colonization in the urine and kidneys of the immunization group compared with the control group. However, the degree of renal pathological damage was not significantly improved in the immunized mice. Our study has identified a novel gene of UPEC which can generate protective immunity against UTI. This novel gene provides a promising new vaccine candidate.     

新疆绵羊种布鲁氏菌GroEL基因的克隆及序列分析

参考牛种布鲁氏菌的GroEL（热休克蛋白）基因设计引物,扩增出新疆绵羊种布鲁氏菌GroEL基因片段,将其片段克隆到T载体上测序。结果表明：新疆源布鲁氏菌GroEL基因片段长1641bp,编码546个氨基酸,与羊种（B．melitensis）、猪种（B．suis）以及牛种（B．abortus）GroEL基因的核苷酸序列同源性分别为99．88％、99．82％、99．88％,推导的氨基酸序列同源性在99％以上,显示了很强的保守性。