Identification of sex pheromones of four economically important species in genusDendrolimus

The female-produced sex pheromone of Dendrolimus superans was identified by gas chromatography (GC), coupled GC-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), electroantennographic (EAG) studies and field tests as a blend of (Z,E)-5,7-dodecadienal (Z5,E7-12:Ald) and (Z,E)-5,7-dodeca- dien-1-ol (Z5,E7-12:OH). In D. kikuchii, (Z,E)-5,7-dodeca- dien-1-yl acetate (Z5,E7-12:OAc) and Z5,E7-12:OH were found by GC and GC-MS analyses. However, in EAG studies male antennae were more sensitive to Z5,E7-12:OAc and (Z,E)-5,7-dodecadien-1-yl propionate (Z5,E7-12:OPr) than Z5,E7-12:OH. For D. spectabilis, Z5,E7-12:OH had been previously reported as the sex pheromone. However, in our studies, traps baited with Z5,E7-12:OH, Z5,E7-12:OAc and Z5,E7-12:OPr in a ratio of 1:1:1 caught three times more males than those baited with Z5,E7-12:OH alone. Relatively strong EAG responses were elicited from male antennae by Z5,E7-12:OH, Z5,E7-12:OAc and Z5,E7-12:OPr, but in addition to Z5,E7-12:OH, only very small amounts of Z5,E7- 12:OAc was found in the pheromone gland. These facts suggest that Z5,E7-12:OAc is a pheromone minor components and Z5,E7-12:OPr is a sex attractant in D. spectabilis. For D. tabulaeformis, Z5,E7-12:OH, Z5,E7-12:OAc and Z5,E7-12: OPr were found in extracts of pheromone glands of female moths, and the three compounds elicited strong EAG responses from antennae of male moths. These three compounds have been reported as a sex attractant of D. tabulaeformis, and our data confirm their roles as components of the sex pheromone of this species. The role of blend components in antagonizing cross attraction between congeners is discussed.     

四川工夫红茶香气成分分析

采用固相微萃取和气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)对两个四川工夫红茶样品的香气成分进行分析,从中检测出34种香气组分,包括醇类、醛类、烯烃类、酯类、酸类、酮类、苯酚类化合物,其中醇类化合物含量较高,均占66%左右,以反-香叶醇、水杨酸甲酯、苯乙醇、芳樟醇及其氧化物、苯甲醛、苯乙醛、苯甲醇、反-2-己烯醛等化合物为主体特征,是决定川红特殊香型的重要组分,3,7-二甲基-1,5,7-辛三烯-3-醇可能是川红桔香特征的关键组分.     

桉树蜜和荔枝蜜的气味分析

本文用循环气提－树脂吸附法捕集桉树蜜和荔枝蜜的头香，用ＧＣ／ＭＳ／ＤＳ从按树蜜头香中分离并初步鉴定了２４种化合物，占蜂蜜天然头香的７６．４３％，用保留指数和标样确证了其中２０种化合物，占峰面积的７２．４６％，含量较高的组分是甲氧基乙醛（１９．５１％）和苯甲醛（１９．４９％）。从荔枝蜜中分离并初步鉴定了１７种化合物，占蜂蜜天然头香的峰面积的９５．７６％。在荔枝蜜头香中用保留指数和标样确证其中１４种化合物，占峰面积的９５．２９％，含量较高的组分是芳樟醇氧化物（５３．７８％，２５．３４％）。     

光肩星天牛对糖槭挥发物的EAG及嗅觉行为反应

[目的]分析影响光肩星天牛定位寄主的糖槭挥发物成分,解析挥发物在光肩星天牛搜寻和定位寄主过程中的作用,为光肩星天牛的综合防控提供依据.[方法]利用热脱附气质联用法(thermal desorption gas chromatog-raphy-mass spectrometry,TCT-GC-MS)分析鉴定糖槭挥发物组分...     

荷叶香气成分的研究（Ⅱ）荷叶精油成分分析及其与天然香气成分的比较

以同时蒸馏萃取法（SDE）提取荷叶精油。用毛细管GC／MS／DS联用法分离鉴定了91种组分，战总峰面积的95．64％。再用双柱GC标样程升保留指数确证了其中38种组分。已确证的组分占总峰面积的64．20％。主要成分及含量是顺－3－己烯醇（27．49％）、反－2－戊烯醇（11．07％）、1－戊烯－3－醇（9．01％），反－2－己烯醛（5．36％）。     

Cloning,expression and binding specificity analysis of odorant binding protein 3 of the lucerne plant bug, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Adelphocoris lineolatus</Emphasis> (Goeze)

Credible evidence shows that odorant binding proteins (OBPs) are required for insect olfaction perception and play a key role in transporting hydrophobic odorants across the sensillum lymph to the olfactory receptors (ORs). In the present study, a novel OBP (AlinOBP3) gene from the lucerne plant bug, Adelphocoris lineolatus, was cloned and expressed. The expression pattern of AlinOBP3 was evaluated by qPCR, which indicated that AlinOBP3 was dominantly expressed in antennae. The binding properties of AlinOBP3 with 9 cotton volatiles and 5 sex pheromone analogs were measured by fluorescence competitive binding assays with the fluorescence probe 1-NPN. The results revealed that of 9 cotton volatiles, Myrcene, β-Ocimene and α-Phellandrene can bind with AlinOBP3. α-Phellandrene especially bound to AlinOBP3 with a high binding affinity, with a dissociation constant of 56.68 μmol/L. Of the 5 sex pheromone analogs, Hexyl butyrate had the strongest binding affinity with AlinOBP3, with a dissociation constant as 59.53 μmol/L. Butyl butyrate, trans-2-Hexenyl butyrate and Ethyl butyrate had medium binding affinities with AlinOBP3, with dissociation constants of 227.39, 108.77 and 143.47 μmol/L, respectively. The results suggest that AlinOBP3 might be a pheromone binding protein (PBP) with a dual-function for the perception of sex pheromones and plant volatiles.     

几种新型手性(Z)-2-乙酰氨基-3-芳基丙烯酸类化合物的合成

以乙酰甘氨酸和苯甲醛及其衍生物为原料，合成了一系列含碳碳双键的前手性底物：（Z）-2-乙酰氨基苯丙烯酸，（Z）-2-乙酰氨基-3-（对-甲氧苯基）-丙烯酸，（Z）-2-乙酰氨基-3-（对-氯苯基）-丙烯酸，（Z）-2-乙酰氨基-3-（间-氯苯基）-丙烯酸，（Z）-2-乙酰氨基-3-（间-硝基苯基）-丙烯酸。后4种是新的有机化合物。产物经过核磁共振、质谱分析表明是正确的。     

桑野蚕雄蛾的性信息素感受细胞

本文用单细胞记录方法发现反－１０，顺－１２－十六碳二烯醇和反－１０，顺－１２－十六碳二烯酸均能引发桑野蚕雄蛾触角中毛形感器的电反应，前者发放振幅较大的神经脉冲，后者发放小脉冲，选择性适应试验表明，毛形感器中存在对上述两个组分敏感的不同类型的嗅觉感受细胞。     

Pheromone binding and inactivation by moth antennae

The antennae of male silk moths are extremely sensitive to the female sex pheromone such that a male moth can find a female up to 4.5 km away. This remarkable sensitivity is due to both the morphological and biochemical design of these antennae. Along the branches of the plumose antennae are the sensilla trichodea, each consisting of a hollow cuticular hair containing two unbranched dendrites bathed in a fluid, the receptor lymph ,3. The dendrites and receptor lymph are isolated from the haemolymph by a barrier of epidermal cells which secreted the cuticular hair. Pheromone molecules are thought to diffuse down 100 A-wide pore tubules through the cuticular wall and across the receptor lymph space to receptors located in the dendritic membrane. To prevent the accumulation of residual stimulant and hence sensory adaptation, the pheromone molecules are subsequently inactivated in an apparent two-step process of rapid 'early inactivation' followed by much slower enzymatic degradation. The biochemistry involved in this sequence of events is largely unknown. We report here the identification of three proteins which interact with the pheromone of the wild silk moth Antheraea polyphemus: a pheromone-binding protein and a pheromone-degrading esterase, both uniquely located in the pheromone-sensitive sensilla; and a second esterase common to all cuticular tissues except the sensilla.     

柿叶挥发成分的GC/MS分析

用程序升温毛细管气相色谱－ 质谱联用方法对柿叶的挥发成分进行了分离鉴定, 共分离出８０个组分,用峰面积归一化方法计算出相对含量。用谱图检索确认出７５ 个化合物,其在总挥发成分中的质量分数为９８．１３％ 。其中有５５ 个含氧化合物,其在总挥发成分中的质量分数为９５．２２％ ,以（ Ｅ） － ２－ 己烯醛（４２．２２％） 、（Ｚ） － ２－ 己烯醛（８．１４％） 和３,７,１１,１５－ 四甲基－ ２－ 十六烯－ １－ 醇（１７．８２％ ） 为主,并讨论了这些组分的药用价值及制备天然饮料的营养价值。     

新鲜叶下珠挥发性成分的GC-MS分析

采用无水乙醚超声萃取得到新鲜叶下珠Phyllanthus urinaria L.浸膏提取物，顶空固相微萃取富集挥发性成分，气相色谱-质谱联用仪分析，归一化法测得各组分的相对含量；鉴定了挥发性化合物中的75个成分，约占相对总含量的96．5％；挥发性成分中含氧化合物的含量超过96．0％，其中主要的化合物及其相对含量为2-己-烯醛（19．75％）、3-己烯-1-醇（13．89％）、苯乙醇（9．76％）、2-己烯-1-醇（8．03％）、正己醇（7．94％）、2-己烯酸（5．11％）、己酸（3．51％）、3-己烯酸（3．32％）、水杨酸甲酯（3．29％）等。     

3个茶树品种(品系)鲜叶香气特征及萜烯指数分析

运用顶空固相微萃取-气质联用法分析福鼎大白茶、黔茶1号、黔茶8号茶树鲜叶的挥发性香气物质.结果表明:共检测到73种不同的挥发性芳香物质,其中福鼎大白茶44种,黔茶1号35种,黔茶8号50种,共有香气成分17种,占全部香气物质的百分比达到90%以上.芳樟醇及其氧化物、香叶醇、青叶醇、乙酸叶醇酯、水杨酸甲酯和己醛在3个茶树品种(品系)鲜叶中含量较为丰富,共同作用形成茶树鲜叶清香;芳樟醇、香叶醇、4-戊烯醛、青叶醛、壬醛、乙酸叶醇酯、水杨酸甲酯等物质在3个茶树品种(品系)间含量差异较大,可作为关键香气物质进行茶树品种的鉴定区分.3个茶树品种(品系)的萜烯指数为福鼎大白茶(0.73)、黔茶8号(0.65)、黔茶1号(0.89),黔茶1号萜烯指数接近野生大树茶,说明筛选出黔茶1号的湄潭苔茶群体品种是较为原始的茶树资源.     

Attractiveness of tobacco volatiles induced by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Helicoverpa armigera</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Helicoverpa assulta</Emphasis> to <Emphasis Type="Italic">Campoletis chlorideae</Emphasis>

The attraction of Helicoverpa armigera-and Helicoverpa assulta-induced and mechanical damage-induced tobacco volatiles to Campoletis chlorideae was investigated, and the induced volatiles were analyzed. In windtunnel, C. chlorideae was strongly attracted by herbivoreinduced tobacco volatiles. Mechanically damaged tobacco leaves, whether treated with caterpillar regurgitant or water,were more attractive to the parasitoid than undamaged tobacco leaves. GC-MS analysis revealed that only 4 compounds were released from undamaged tobacco leaves,whereas 13 compounds were commonly emitted from herbivore-infested and mechanically damaged tobacco leaves.Compound β-pinene was specifically induced by the infestation of H. armigera, and (Z)-3-hexenal was only induced by the infestation of H. armigera and H. assulta, whereas hexyl acetate was only induced by mechanical damage. Tobacco leaves infested by H. armigera and H. assulta released larger amounts of volatiles than undamaged tobacco leaves did.Tobacco leaves treated with artificial damage plus caterpillars regurgitant or water emitted the same levels of volatiles,which were higher than that emitted by undamaged tobacco leaves. The emission amounts of single compounds were also different between differently treated plants. The differences were large between herbivore-induced and mechanical damage-induced compounds, and small between H. armigeraand H.assulta-induced compounds, and among compounds emitted from mechanically damaged plants treated with water or caterpillar regurgitant.     

3种福建省柚子汁挥发性成分及香气分析

利用固相微萃取结合气相色谱质谱联用(GC-MS)技术检测了溪蜜柚汁、平和红柚汁、度尾文旦柚汁的挥发性成分,并计算了这3种柚汁中各挥发性成分的香气值.结果显示,溪蜜柚汁、平和红柚汁、度尾文旦柚汁中分别检测出了23种、17种、16种挥发性成分,其中溪蜜柚汁中含量最高的成分为反式-3-己烯-1-醇(765.26μg/L),平和红柚汁中含量最高的成分为正己醛(175.21μg/L),度尾文旦柚汁中含量最高的成分为d-柠檬烯(21.99μg/L).柚汁香气值计算结果显示,溪蜜柚汁香气值较大的成分为1-辛烯-3-醇、正己醛、2-甲基丁酸乙酯等,香气主要表现为蘑菇气味、青草气味、香甜气味等;平和红柚汁香气值较大的成分为正己醛、癸醛、顺式-3-己烯醛、辛醛、芳樟醇等,香气主要具有青草气味、水果气味、柑橘气味、香甜气味等;度尾文旦柚汁香气值较大的成分为癸醛和正己醛,香气主要由水果气味和青草气味组成.     

木瓜榕隐头果传粉前后挥发性化合物构成及其变化规律

 榕树与其传粉榕小蜂通常以隐头果挥发物作为交流媒介.采用顶空动态法提取木瓜榕隐头果传粉前后的挥发物,用GC-MS联用仪鉴定各化合物,峰面积归一法和内标法测定各成分含量.结果表明:木瓜榕传粉前 (雌花期)和传粉后的顶空样品中分离出53种化合物,多数为单萜类和倍半萜类化合物,(E)-β-ocimene、linalool 、limonene、5-epiprezizaene、khusimene、cis-β-Cedrene、cis-α-bergamotene、α-farnesene 和bicyclogermacrene是其重要的挥发物成分.雌花期隐头果挥发物释放量明显高于传粉后挥发物释放量,且雌雄隐头果挥发物种类、构成及释放量上高度类似,存在着明显的模拟现象.同时,雌雄个体挥发物释放量存在明显的空间变异.     

An analysis of structure fitting and bioactivity between sex pheromone of cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) and its fluorinated analogs

A study on the structure-activty relationship between （Z）-hexadec-9-enal （Z-9-16：Ald） and its analog was conducted by comparing the structures of the sex pheromone of cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera （Huebner） with its fluorinated analog using computer molecular fitting. It is demonstrated that the structure of analog substituting for hydrogen atom on the terminal carbon atom is similar to Z-9-16：Ald. The EAG result showed that there is no significant difference in activities between Z-9-16：Ald and its fluorinated analog synthesized.     

Behavioral and olfactory responses of grasshopper hatchlings,<Emphasis Type="Italic">Melanoplus sanguinipes</Emphasis>, to plant odours and volatile compounds

Behavior and olfactory responses of grasshopper hatchlings, Melanoplus sanguinipes (F.), to odours from plant foliage and volatile compounds were tested using a glass Y-tube olfactometer and electroantennogram (EAG)techniques respectively. In single choice trials, newly hatched hoppers were much more sensitive to the odour from intact leaves and chopped foliage of ryegrass and wheat than other plants. Chopped sorghum leaves, but not stem-cut sorghum,were also significantly attractive. The orientation responses of grasshopper hatchlings to these plants were highly consistent with those of last instar hoppers and adults. When ryegrass was employed as the control, the odour from stem-cut alfalfa was more attractive. There was no significant difference in hopper orientation responses to the odours from chopped seedlings of sorghum, alfalfa, wheat or ryegrass.However, significantly more hoppers preferred the chopped ryegrass control to chopped Louisanna sage. Measurement of the EAG response of first instar hoppers to these plant odours showed that the odour of Louisanna sage elicited the greatest response amplitudes. In olfactory tests using different volatile components, Z-3-hexenol, E-3-hexenol,Z-hex-3-enyl acetate, E-2-hexenal and hexenal gave greater EAG responses than geraniol and 1-octen-3-ol. These results are also consistent with comparable data from adults. Newly hatched grasshoppers had similar EAG response profiles to plant materials and chemicals to those of adults, although the absolute EAG values of young hoppers were much lower than those of adults. Therefore, newly hatched hoppers were able to distinguish plants from an air control, and even host plants from non-host plants, and the feeding experience of hoppers probably has little influence on their subsequent ability as adults to identify and locate food plants.     

西部松小蠹集合信息素（±）—exo—Brevicomin的合成

以叶醇为起始原料，经关键中间体6-壬烯-2-酮，合成了西部松小蠹集合信息素（±）-exo-Brevicomin(7-乙基-5-甲基-6，8-二氧双环［3.2.1］辛烷)，总产率41%.文中所合成化合物的结构经IR，MS，1HNMR和13CNMR证实.     

五角枫挥发物的提取鉴定及黄斑星天牛对主要组分的触角电位反应

在确定新疆伊犁地区黄斑星天牛成虫嗜食寄主的基础上,利用GC-MS技术鉴定五角枫嫩枝和叶片的挥发物组分,并利用触角电位反应测定成虫对主要挥发物的电生理活性.研究结果表明,在多寄主植物混栽区,黄斑星天牛成虫更偏好取食五角枫的嫩枝补充营养,更喜好在旱柳和复叶槭枝干上刻槽产卵.从五角枫挥发物中共鉴定到34种化合物,其中萜烯类和酯类物质是主要组分,相对含量分别占挥发物组成的70.49%和23.94%.(Z)-β-罗勒烯、桧烯、β-石竹烯、α-水芹烯和乙酸-顺-3-己烯酯在挥发物组成中所占的比例较高,分别达21.07%、19.59%、7.35%、13.58%和12.99%.在10 mg·mL~(-1)质量浓度下,雌虫对β-石竹烯的EAG反应显著高于其他供试气味物质,雄虫对乙酸乙酯和α-蒎烯的EAG反应最为强烈,雄虫对α-蒎烯和乙酸乙酯的EAG反应显著高于雌虫;雌虫对β-石竹烯和2-甲基丁酸-顺-3-己烯酯的EAG反应显著高于雄虫.本试验在黄斑星天牛成虫感受信息化学物质的角度分析了成虫偏好五角枫的原因,对利用化学生态手段调控该虫的危害具有一定的理论指导意义.