双连杆柔性机械臂的主动控制

对柔性双连杆机械臂位置的主动控制进行研究,给出系统的动力学方程,采用非线性解耦反馈控制方法分别得出系统大范围运动方程和柔性臂的动力学方程,并采用机械臂逆动力学方法和LQR方法分别设计大范围运动控制律和压电作动器控制律.仿真结果表明,该控制方法能够有效地控制机械臂到达的指定位置,并且抑制柔性臂的弹性振动.     

六自由度机械臂运动轨迹自动生成方法仿真与实现

运用运动捕捉系统,结合机器人运动学方法,提出一种六自由度机械臂运动轨迹自动生成方法.首先,在运动捕捉系统下得到人手臂末端的Marker标记点的位姿信息;然后,通过数据处理得到标记点的位姿矩阵,并将其作为机械臂末端执行器的位姿矩阵,进而通过数据流通道将该数据传入机器人运动学仿真系统,在仿真系统中运用代数解法求机器人运动学逆解,并进行运动学仿真.最后,将逆解求得的6个关节角度传入机械臂本体,实现机械臂末端执行器按照运动捕捉系统下手臂末端标记点的运动轨迹而运动.仿真实验表明:该方法具有可行性.     

漂浮载体弹性机械臂动力学控制

导出了漂浮载体弹性机械臂系统约束方程和动力学方程，利用逐次近似法讨论了机械臂结构弹性和负载位姿的影响，提出消除弹性影响的控制方法，并通过算例加以说明。     

一种机械臂运动学研究及3D仿真平台构建

针对川崎机械臂FS03N的构型特点,提出了一种逆运动学的求解方法。采用DH法建立了机械臂的连杆坐标系,得到正运动学方程,通过变量分离将机械臂姿态采用欧拉角表示,得到了机械臂位姿的一组广义坐标。通过对FS03N的构型分析,采用几何法与反变换法相结合的方法,以解的组合关系为基础,得到了机械臂的8组封闭解。建立了基于Matlab的机械臂算法验证与3D仿真运动平台,验证了逆运动学解算的正确性,为机械臂的轨迹与路径规划提供了前提条件。     

柔性串联机械臂的模糊自适应滑模控制系统设计

针对柔性串联机械臂传统控制方式的轨迹跟踪精度存在误差较大的缺陷,文章提出了一种结合柔性串联机械臂弹性动力学方程和模糊自适应滑模控制(sliding mode control,SMC)的控制方法。采用运动弹性动力学(kineto-elastic-dynamics,KED)法,结合系统的约束方程,建立了机械臂的弹性动力学方程,为系统提供控制对象模型;将模糊自适应算法与SMC控制器相结合,设计出一种新型SMC控制器,并运用Lyapunov函数验证该新型SMC控制器的稳定性;基于S-Function函数,建立机械臂的Matlab/Simulink仿真框图,对机械臂进行仿真分析。结果表明,模糊自适应SMC控制器具有轨迹跟踪精度高和稳态误差小的特点,验证了新型SMC控制器的有效性。     

旋挖钻机变幅机构的动力学建模与仿真

为研究和提高变幅机构的动力学性能,采用牛顿-欧拉法建立四连杆机构的动力学数学模型,在Simulink平台上构建基于Matlab函数的变幅机构的动力学仿真模型,分别对4种变幅机构形式各在2种钻桅位姿状态下的变幅过程进行仿真,并对动力学仿真结果进行分析和比较。研究结果表明:动臂变幅油缸需提供的主动力与钻桅位姿以及动臂和连杆间的相对位置均无关,与动臂变幅油缸和动臂的相对位置有关;钻桅位姿和变幅机构的形式对动臂在和转台铰链处所受约束反力以及转台所受约束反力的幅值之和这两者均有影响;动臂位于连杆下方而动臂变幅油缸位于动臂下方的形式具有较好的动力学性能。     

基于虚拟样机技术的机械臂建模与仿真

应用机械系统动力学仿真分析软件MSC．ADAMS，建立了机械臂抓取的虚拟样机模型，包括对机械臂各部件的简化、在ADAMS中的模型描述及仿真过程控制。在仿真过程中通过预估末端件的运动规律，依据运动仿真结果求得控制主动件的运动输入曲线。最后对该虚拟样机模型进行了运动学和动力学分析，实现了使用CAE仿真软件来对机械臂的运动和动力性能进行分析，为机械臂系统的设计、制造和模拟运动作业提供了理论依据和主要参数，为工程设计提供了一套有效的分析方法。     

移动机械臂的协调运动方案设计及验证

移动机械臂是由一个移动平台和一个固定在其上面的机械臂组成。为了能实现对移动机械臂的协调控制,移动平台和机械臂不得不同时完成任务。通过对移动机械臂的运动学建模分析,提出了一个基于最小速度范数的协调运动方案。该方案不仅可以实现对移动平台的运动控制,而且可以对机械臂同时进行协调控制。此外,协调运动方案可以等效的转换为一个标准二次规划问题,进而可以开发出一个有效的数值算法去求解。最后,移动机械臂去执行一个圆形路径,对应的仿真结果验证了协调运动方案的有效性。     

移动机器人的仿人双臂运动学研究

手臂的运动学算法是移动机器人手臂作业的一个关键问题,也是实现双臂协调作业的首要条件.基于此,针对一种特殊的仿人双臂机器人,在分析其运动关系的基础上,采用几何法和解析法相结合的算法对6自由度仿人双机械臂进行运动学分析,对手臂进行运动学正解和逆解,并建立移动机器人手臂和移动平台的位姿转换矩阵.数字仿真结果验证了运动学算法的...     

漂浮基空间机械臂T-S模糊鲁棒控制

针对存在参数不确定和外界干扰的空间机械臂,利用反馈线性化技术建立了系统追踪期望轨迹的误差动力学方程,设计系统追踪期望运动的滑模鲁棒控制方案,并通过系统Lyapunov稳定性证明选择滑模控制参数;简化并改进T-S模糊推理规则,设计模糊滑模鲁棒控制方法;运用逐步仿真的方法对空间机械臂追踪期望运动各种情况进行数值分析.仿真结果证实了所设计的T-S模糊滑模鲁棒控制方案的有效性和稳定性,它可解决传统滑模控制的抖振问题并具有计算量少、控制力矩小的优点,可提高系统轨迹跟踪的精度.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.