方差方量模型中保G—M估计的线性变换

考虑方差分量模型（Ｙ，Ｘβ，Σ↑ｔ↓ｉ＝１σｉ＾２Ｖｉ），假设Ｘβ的Ｇ－Ｍ估计存在。本文给出了可观测的随机向量Ｙ的线性变换Ｆ为保Ｇ－Ｍ估计的变换（即存在ＦＹ的线性函数为Ｘβ的Ｇ－Ｍ估计）的充要条件，并指出在变换前后的模型中，Ｘβ的Ｇ－Ｍ估计相同。     

广义Gauss—Markoff模型下基于变换观测值的MINQUE

对于广义Ｇａｕｓｓ－Ｍａｒｋｏｆｆ模型Ｍ＝｛Ｙ,Ｘβ,σ＾２∑｝和经过线性变换的模型Ｍ＝｛ＦＹ,ＦＸβ,σ＾２Ｆ∑Ｆ｝,其中Ｘ不必列满秩,∑可以奇异,Ｆ是任意给定的矩阵,本文给出了变换前后σ＾２的最小二次无偏估计在模型Ｍ下相等的充要条件。     

多元线性模型回归参数M－估计的强相合性

讨论多元线性回归模型由极小化问题的解定义的Ｍ－估计β＿ｎ的强相合性，其中Ｘ＿ｉ为ｍ×ｐ矩阵．证明了：无论为随机向量（（ＶｅｃＸ）￣′，Ｙ′）的独立同分布观察向量还是Ｘ＿ｉ为已知的ｍ×ｐ设计阵，在适当的条件下β＿ｎ都是参数真值β＿０的强相合估计．     

线性模型参数估计中的效率

对一般的ＧａｕｓＭａｒｋｏｆ模型：Ｙ＝Ｘβ＋ｅ,Ｅ（ｅ）＝０,Ｃｏｖ（ｅ）＝σ２Ｖ,Ｖ≥０,给出了μ＝Ｘβ的最小二乘估计的３种相对效率和它们的下界．对一般的方差分量模型：Ｙ＝Ｘβ＋ｅ,Ｅ（ｅ）＝０,Ｃｏｖ（ｅ）＝∑ｔｉ＝１θｉＶｉ,θｉ＞０,Ｖｉ≥０,相拟地定义了μ＝Ｘβ的最小二乘估计的３种相对效率并给出了它们的下界．     

B值一致渐近鞅的局部收敛性及大数定律

设（Ω，Ｆ，Ｐ）是概率空间，Ｂ是ｐ阶一致光滑空间，Ｘ＝（Ｘｎ，Ｆｎ，ｎ≥１）是Ｂ值一致渐近鞅，则有：（１）｛∑∞ｎ＝１Ｅ（‖ｄＸｎ‖βＭ‖ｄＸｎ‖β－１＋Ｍβ／Ｆｎ－１）＜∞，１≤β≤ｐ，Ｍ＞０，ｓｕｐｎ≥１‖Ｘｎ‖＜∞｝｛Ｘｎ收敛｝（２）｛∑∞ｎ＝１Ｅ（‖ｄＸｎ‖β（Ｍｎ）‖ｄＸｎ‖β－１＋（Ｍｎ）β／Ｆｎ－１）＜∞，Ｍ＞０，１≤β≤ｐ｝｛Ｘｎｎ收敛于０｝（３）若对任意的ｘ≥０及ｎ≥１，均有Ｐ（‖ｄＸｎ‖≥ｘ）≤ａＰ（Ｙ≥ｘ），其中Ｙ是一正实值随机变量，ＥＹ＜∞，Ｅ（Ｙｌｎ＋Ｙ）＜∞，ａ是一正实数，那么Ｘｎｎａ．ｓ．收敛于０．上述结论推广与改进了若干熟知的重要结果     

矩阵损失下多元统计中回归系数的线性Minimax估计

设Ｙ１,Ｙ２．．．Ｙｍ,ｉ．ｉ．ｄ．,ＥＹ１＝Ｘβ,ｃｏｖＹ１＝∑,这里Ｘ已知,β和∑未知。在矩阵损失下,我们给出了ＳＸβ的线性估计在齐次（非齐次）线性估计类中的唯一的线性Ｍｉｎｉｍａｘ估计。     

不可估参数函数的可容许估计

对于线性模型ＥＹ＝Ｘβ,ＣｏｖＹ－∑＾ＭＩ＝１σＳ＾２Ｖｉ。当Ｓβ不可分别给出了Ｓβ的线性估计在二次损失和矩阵损失下线性可容许的充要条件。当Ｙ－Ｎ（Ｘβ,∑＾ＭＩ＝１σ＾２Ｖｉ）时,还得到了Ｓβ的线性估计在矩阵损失下在一切估计类中可容许的充要条件和在二次损失下在切估计类中可容许的充分条件和必要条件。     

删除一个观测值对估计量的影响

给出在模型Ｍ＝（Ｙ，Ｘβ，σ＾２Ｖ）与删除第ｉ个观测值后得到的模型Ｍｄ＝（Ｙｄ，Ｘｄβ，σ＾２Ｖｄ）下β的最佳线性无偏估计差的表达式，并得到了二者相等的充要条件，还给出了在模型Ｍｄ下β的最小二乘估计是Ｍ下β的最佳线性无偏估计的充要条件。     

一般线性模型下删除观测值的影响

在一般情形下，给出了在模Ｍ＝（Ｙ，Ｘβ，σ＾２Ｖ）与删除第ｉ个观测值后得到的模型Ｍｄ＝（Ｙｄ，Ｘｄβ，σ＾２Ｖｄ）下Ｘｄβ的最佳线性无偏估计的表达式，得到了二者相等的充要条件，给出了在模型Ｍｄ下Ｘｄβ的最小二乘估计是Ｍ下Ｘｄβ的最佳线性无偏估计的充要条件，以及Ｍｄ下σ＾２的最小范数二次无偏估计是Ｍ下σ＾２的最小范数二次无偏估计的充要条件。     

最大似然估计的相合性、渐近正态性及重对数律

设有样本｛Ｙｉ，Ｚｉ｝，ｉ＝１，２，…，ｎ，其中：Ｙｉ＝ｍｉｎ（Ｘｉ，Ｔｉ），Ｚｉ＝Ｉ（ＸＩ≤Ｔｉ）．假定Ｘ１，Ｘ２，…，Ｘｎ相互独立，有共同的分布函数ＦＸ（ｘ）＝１－ｅ－αＱ（βｘ），Ｔ１，Ｔ２，…，Ｔｎ相互独立，分布函数分别为Ｇ１（ｔ），Ｇ２（ｔ），…，Ｇｎ（ｔ）本文给出参数（α，β）的最大似然估计具有相合性、渐近正态性及重对数律的一个充分条件，然后验证Ｌｏｍａｘ分布满足该条件     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-