产几丁质酶菌株的分离与鉴定及产酶条件优化

从土壤中分离到一株产几丁质酶的细菌LL-C.该菌经16S rDNA序列同源性分析及形态培养特征、生理生化特征分析,鉴定为Luteibacter rhizovicinus,属于黄单胞菌科(Xanthomonadaceae).以不同发酵时间、碳源、氮源、起始pH值、培养基装液量和培养温度为因素,考察LL-C菌株产几丁质酶的优化条件.结果表明,最有利于该菌产几丁质酶的条件:碳源为胶体几丁质、氮源为(NH4)2SO4,培养基起始pH值为4.5,培养基装液量为30 mL,培养温度为32 ℃,振荡培养时间为7 d,此优化条件下,摇瓶产酶活力为115.02 μkat·L-1.     

微生物酶法生产L-半胱氨酸的产酶条件优化

以假单胞菌（Pseudomonas sp．）TS1138为供试菌株，对微生物酶法生产L-半胱氨酸的条件进行了初步研究。通过对产酶培养基中的碳氮源进行研究，得到了TS1138菌株产酶的最佳碳氮源分别为葡萄糖和尿素，DL—ATC的最适添加量为5g／L；通过对产酶培养基的产酶条件进行研究，得出了最适的种子接种量为10％，产酶培养基的最适初始pH为8．0，500mL三角瓶的最适装液量为40mL。     

胶体几丁质诱导红曲霉产几丁质酶的研究

本文采用胶体几丁质为底物,研究了红曲霉液态发酵产几丁质酶.研究结果表明:胶体几丁质的添加能有效诱导红曲霉合成几丁质酶.在培养基中添加0.8%(W/V)胶体几丁质的同时,添加0.4%(W/V)葡萄糖,有利于红曲霉的生长以及几丁质酶的合成,发酵48h几丁质酶活力达到最高的0.3504U/mL.     

黏质沙雷氏菌产几丁质酶二步发酵工艺的优化

采用二步发酵法,研究黏质沙雷氏菌的产几丁质酶发酵条件.在二步发酵产酶的过程中,通过单因素法优化得到二步发酵培养基中最适碳源、氮源的质量分数和菌龄,同时选取发酵时间、初始pH值、接种菌体量和装液量4个因子进行正交试验.最终得到的最优条件:胶体几丁质质量分数为0.8%,酵母粉质量分数为1.0%,菌龄为12 h,发酵时间为7...     

海洋链霉菌产生几丁质酶的研究

从闽南地区潮间带红树林根际海泥中分离到能产生几丁质酶(Chitinase)的放线菌(Actinomyces)300余株,研究了各种诱导物、碳氮源及培养条件对链霉菌S-128(Streptomyces sp.S-128)菌株几丁质酶生物合成的影响,结果表明,该菌株几丁质酶的合成能被多种几丁质所诱导,是一种诱导酶,添加氮源尤其是有机氢源能促进酶的合成,而碳源却没有这种作用,基本培养基中加入2.O％脱矿质几丁质和1.5％玉米浆,在28℃发酵5d,发酵液的几丁质酶活性可达290u/ml,该酶对几丁质的水解反应显出较宽的pH范围(pH3～8)和较好的pH稳定性,最适pH5.0,在一定的温度范围内,该酶的活性随温度的上升而增高,并以65℃的酶活性最高。     

激光复合诱变黑曲霉原生质体选育热稳定菊粉酶高产菌

以菊粉酶产生菌黑曲霉ＡＳ－４原生质体为对象,经激光和亚硝基胍复合诱变,从大量突变株中最终选育出高产热稳定的菊粉酶产生菌ＡＬ－１５４．在以菊芋提取液为碳源、玉米浆加０．３％酵母膏为氮源的基本培养基中,菊粉酶活力达１４６．３ｕ／ｍＬ,比出发株提高近３倍．其产酶最适营养条件为：起始ｐＨ４．５～５．０,２８～３０℃,３６ｈ时产酶量达最高．酶作用最适条件为ｐＨ５．０,６０℃;该酶遗传性能稳定,热稳定性强,６０℃保温处理２ｈ,其酶活性不变,６５℃保温３０ｍｉｎ,仍保留９８％的初始酶活     

产胶原酶地衣芽孢杆菌菌种的分离、筛选及发酵条件研究

从成都皮革厂等处采集的样品中,分离筛选到一株胶原酶的产生菌Ｊ－４－８,菌种鉴定为地芽孢杆菌（Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ｌｉｃｈｅｎｉｆｏｒｍｉｓ）。该菌产酶的最适碳源为蔗糖,氮源为明胶,超始ｐＨ为７．５,容瓶装量为１０ｍＬ,种龄是２４ｈ,接种量为６％,在此条件下,摇瓶振荡发酵后,酶活达２５Ｕ／ｍＬ发酵液,较原发酵培养基发酵后的酶活提高３５％。     

K_(123)菌株普鲁兰酶(Pullulanase)的合成及其酶性质的研究

研究了一株从白酒发酵现场分离得到的Ｋ１２３菌株普鲁兰酶的合成及其部分酶性质．结果是Ｋ１２３菌株的异淀粉酶在培养液中的大量积累发生在稳定期后期,菌的最适生长温度为３５℃,产酶的最适温度则为３０℃;菌的最适生长ｐＨ和产酶的最适ｐＨ均在７．０～７．５;产酶的最佳碳源为可溶性淀粉,有效碳源是糯米淀粉、糊精、支链淀粉、玉米面、茁霉多糖、麦芽糖,而葡萄糖则抑制产酶;产酶的最佳氮源是蛋白胨、酪素水解物,无机氮源则使得Ｋ１２３菌株的产酶量略低于有机氮源．通气量对菌体的生长影响较大,但菌体的生长达稳定期后,通气量的改变对菌的产酶影响不大．Ｋ１２３菌株所产的异淀粉酶水解茁霉多糖的产物为麦芽三糖,不水解动物淀粉,是普鲁兰酶（ｐｕｌｕｌａｎａｓｅ）．该酶反应的最适温度为５０℃,最适ｐＨ５．８,受Ｃａ２＋,Ｍｎ２＋等离子激活,受Ｃｕ２＋,Ｚｎ２＋等离子抑制;该酶的热稳定性较差,５０℃以上迅速失活;ｐＨ稳定性较好,中性,微酸性条件下,冰箱中可长期保存．该酶应用于固态白酒发酵可提高出酒率平均４％以上．     

南海海域几丁质降解菌的筛选及其特性研究

从南海海域水样和沉积物中分离并筛选到两株几丁质降解菌,分别为SCSS04和SCSWE13.16S rDNA序列分析结果表明,菌株SCSS04属于芽孢杆菌属,菌株SCSWE13属于弧菌属.两株菌几丁质酶的产生均需要几丁质的诱导,并在富营养培养基中产酶量较高.菌株SCSS04在培养第9天产酶量达到最高,所产生的几丁质酶最适反应温度为40～50℃.菌株SCSWE13属于低温酶,在培养第7天产酶量达到最高,所产生的几丁质酶最适反应温度为20～28℃.     

海洋细菌11211的生长条件及其几丁质酶研究

从南海海水中分离到产几丁质酶的弧菌（Ｖｉｂｒｉｏ ｓｐ．）,研究了菌株１１２１１的生长条件和产酶条件。１１２１１菌生长需要Ｎａ＾＋,海水的其他成分对菌生长也有影响。胶体几丁质可诱导几丁质酶产生。在几丁质培养基中１１２１１菌的产酶高峰为生长的第７天。经硫酸铵沉淀,Ｓｅｐｈａｄｅｘ Ｇ－１００、ＤＥＡＥ－纤维素及几丁质柱层析,酶被纯化了１８倍。经ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ分析,酶的相对分子质量约为３００００。该     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-