小鼠同种异体及异种神经移植后脾脏T淋巴细胞亚群的变化

目的通过化学法萃取的去细胞异体及异种神经移植后,观察移植免疫排斥过程中小鼠脾脏T细胞总数与亚群变化,探讨周围神经缺损修复的可行性。方法BALB/c小鼠随机分成假手术组、新鲜自体神经移植组、新鲜同种异体神经移植组、新鲜异种神经移植组、化学去细胞同种异体神经移植组和化学去细胞异种神经移植组,每组32只。分别在神经移植术后3、71、4、28 d,每组各取8只小鼠脾脏,淋巴细胞分离液获取淋巴细胞,计数。用荧光标记的CD3+、CD4+、CD8+、CD25+单抗作用后,流式细胞仪检测T淋巴细胞及其亚群百分数,Stata7.0统计软件进行统计处理。结果在7 d1、4 d、28 d各时间点上,化学去细胞神经同种异体和异种神经移植组CD3+、CD4+、CD8+、CD25+阳性T细胞百分率与假手术对照组、自体神经移植组相比无显著差异(P>0.05),而新鲜同种异体及异种神经移植组在相同时间点上的CD3+、CD4+、CD8+、CD25+阳性T细胞百分率与假手术对照组、自体神经移植组相比则有明显增高,差异显著(P<0.05)。结论新鲜同种异体周围神经移植后的排斥属于急性排斥反应。化学去细胞处理的同种异体神经的免疫原性等于或接近于自体神经,要明显低于新鲜同种异体神经移植。     

Feasibility of Using Chitosan in Nerve Repair

IntroductionChitin,themajorpolysaccharideininsectexoskeletonsandcrustaceanshells,hasβ(1-4)-linkedN-acetylglucosaminerepeatunitsandisthesecondmostabundantformofpolymerizedcarbonfoundinnature[1].Chitosan,thefullyorpartiallyN-deacetyledformofchitin,isacationicpolysaccharidecomposedofglucosamineandN-acetylglucosamineresidueswitha1,4-β-linkage.Ithasastructuresimilartoglycosaminoglycans,whicharethecomponentsofanextracellularmatrixandisbiocompatible[2].Duetoitspositivesurfacechargeandbiocompatibi…     

Chitosan Conduit for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration

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Dog sciatic nerve gap repaired by artificial tissue nerve graft

The feasibility of repairing dog sciatic nerve damage by using a biodegradable artificial tissue nerve graft enriched with neuroregenerating factors is investigated. The artificial nerve graft was implanted to a 30 mm gap of the sciatic nerve damage in 7 dogs. The dogs with the same nerve damage that were repaired by interposition of the autologous nerve or were given no treatment served as control group 1 or 2, respectively. The observations include gross and morphological observations, immune reaction, electrophysiological examination, fluorescence tracing of the neuron formation and the number of the neurons at the experimental sites, etc. Results showed that 6 months after the implantation of the graft, the regenerated nerve repaired the damage of the sciatic nerve without occurrence of rejection and obvious inflammatory reaction in all 7 dogs, and the function of the sciatic nerve recovered with the nerve conduction velocity of (23.91±11.35)m/s. The regenerated neurons and the forming of axon could be observed under an electron microscope. This proves that artificial tissue nerve graft transplantation can bridge the damaged nerve ends and promote the nerve regeneration.     

脊髓背根神经节切除模型——周围神经趋化性再生定量研究模型的建立

为了建立脊髓背根神经节（dorsal root ganglion,DRG）切除模型,选择性地使感觉神经纤维溃变而保持运动神经纤维的正常功能,从而为周围神经趋化性再生的定量评价提供有效的研究方法。将雄性SD大鼠20只,随机分为两组,每组10只动物。大体解剖组：解剖大鼠坐骨神经的神经根组成及DRG的位置。DRG切除组：切除支配大鼠坐骨神经的每个神经根的DRG。观察大鼠DRG切除后步态变化及足部溃疡情况。切除后3周,取双侧坐骨神经、胫神经、腓神经及腓肠神经行髓鞘染色,观察各神经中感觉神经纤维溃变情况;行美兰复红染色,计算机图像分析,运动神经纤维计数。发现大鼠坐骨神经由L4、L5、L6神经干组成,DRG位于腹、背侧根汇合处近心端1mm处。DRG切除术后,大鼠步态失去协调性,但展趾宽度无明显改变。DRG切除后3周,髓鞘染色显示腓肠神经中有髓神经纤维髓鞘完全溃变,坐骨神经、胫神经、腓神经中部分有髓神经纤维发生溃变。美兰复红染色、计算机图像分析计数显示坐骨神经及三个主要分支内,有髓运动神经纤维分别占其总数的58．4％、54．6％、45．4％、0。说明DRG切除模型,可以有效区分感觉和运动神经纤维,能够较好地定量评价周围神经趋化性再生的效果。通过比较不同桥接材料和不同修复方法的错接率,从而定量评价各修复材料和方法的趋化性再生效果。     

眼镜蛇毒神经生长因子对成年猫坐骨神经损伤治疗效果的实验室观察

目的 :探讨从眼镜蛇毒分离纯化出的神经生长因子(nervegrowthfactor,NGF)对成年猫坐骨经损伤后的影响。方法 :本实验制成成年猫坐骨神经损伤模型 ,损伤局部注射蛇毒NGF(2μg/kg/d) ,分别治疗10d和30d ,并与对照组(损伤坐骨神经 ,不给药物)比较。结果 :眼镜蛇毒NGF在神经损伤早期应用能减轻神经纤维发生的溃变 ,促进神经纤维再生。结论 :损伤局部长时间注射NGF会导致神经纤维增生过度 ,丧失传导功能     

人羊膜管桥接周围神经缺损的实验

选用经戊二醛处理的人胎盘膜管桥接３０只ＳＤ大白鼠坐骨神经１０ｍｍ的缺损，最长观察时间为１６周，经电镜和光镜组织学观察证实近端再生神经纤维能顺利通过缺损区，长入远端神经。电生理检测示神经功能恢复良好。实验结果提示经戊二醛处理的人胎盘羊膜可能成为一种来源丰富，取材方便、取处理简单的同种异体非新供体。     

人发角蛋白桥接周围神经缺损的功能评价

目的通过在神经再生室内植入人发角蛋白,观察神经的功能恢复情况,为桥接周围神经缺损寻求新的替代材料。方法将18只新西兰兔的左侧坐骨神经切断,造成lOmm缺损,实验组用人发角蛋白桥接,对照组用空硅胶管桥接,术后检测坐骨神经功能指数、电生理、腓肠肌湿重,观察神经功能的恢复情况。结果8周时,试验组坐骨神经功能指数值优于对照组（P〈0．01）;12周时,试验组坐骨神经功能指数、潜伏期和神经传导速度及波幅明显好于对照组（P〈0．01）。结论人发角蛋白能促进兔坐骨神经功能的恢复是桥接周围神经缺损的理想材料。     

鱼类视神经损伤和再生的研究

综述了鱼类视网膜－顶盖系统的研究概况，包括视网膜、视神经和顶盖的组织结构特点；同时介绍了损伤视神经引起的视网膜神经节细胞的变化及其跨神经元的影响；最后综述了视神经再生与神经传入活性、相邻神经纤维间的相互作用及靶区选择的关系等方面的研究进展     

雪旺细胞对于周围神经再生的功能与作用

通过查阅近年来国内外大量文献,结果显示雪旺细胞的生物学特性决定了其是周围神经再生过程中的重要种子细胞,并正成为周围神经损伤修复领域中的研究热点.     

牛血清白蛋白改性壳聚糖纤维及其细胞亲和性研究

采用牛血清白蛋白对壳聚糖纤维进行化学改性，通过扫描电镜和含水量测定对改性的牛血清白蛋白-壳聚糖纤维进行表征．并对改性材料进行细胞相容性和细胞亲和性测定与评价．结果表明：牛血清白蛋白-壳聚糖纤维表面有明显附着物，纤维略微变粗；含水量增加到93．49％(质量分数)；细胞在改性克聚糖纤维上的形态无异常，粘附、生长、增殖情况良好；细胞毒性试验结果呈阴性．该改性壳聚糖纤维具有良好的生物学特性，能够应用于器官组织工程及生物医药领域．     

周围神经源性肿瘤的MRI(核磁)和CT诊断

目的：探讨MRI和CT对周围神经源性肿瘤的诊断持性及临床价值。方法：分析10例肿瘤经手术病理证实周围神经源性肿瘤的MRI或和CT征象,其中MRI检查8例,CT检查3例,1例同时行CT和MRI检查。结果：7例神经鞘瘤均表现为边缘光滑的肿块,T2加权上呈不同程度的高信号,多数信号不均,但号强度和分布取决于antoniA区和antoniB区的比例,2例神经纤维瘤表现为弥漫性皮下软组织肿块,CT密度均匀1全恶性神经鞘瘤呈分叶状,密度明显不均。10例中与重要血管神经束相邻肿瘤6例,其中5例行MRI检查的良性神经鞘瘤均清楚显示相邻血管神经束,1例行CT检查的腹股沟恶性神经鞘瘤其血管神经束受累,显示不清。结论：MRI或CT对判断周围神经源性肿瘤的来源及其定位有重要价值,术前MRI或CT检查可减少术中对重要神经或血管的损伤。     

化学去细胞法制备异体面神经修复兔全面神经缺损模型的建立

目的探讨去细胞异体面神经修复家兔全面神经缺损的可行性,为进一步研究异体面神经再生打下良好的基础。方法采用化学萃取剂Triton X-100和脱氧胆酸钠对家兔面神经进行处理,清除其雪旺细胞、髓鞘。造成家兔左侧面神经主干加分支共2 cm的缺损,采用去细胞异体全面神经在显微镜下进行外膜缝合桥接缺损。结果术后6个月取材显示良好的抗感染及再生能力。结论该修复模型稳定,可重复性强,化学去细胞异体全面神经修复家兔全面神经缺损是可行的。     

Enkephalin-, VIP- and substance P-like immunoreactivity in the carotid body

The carotid body type I cell contains amines and has features, both morphological and cytochemical, which indicate that it may also produce a peptide. Many regulatory peptides are now known to be present in both central and peripheral tissues. In the periphery these neuropeptides occur in both classical endocrine (APUD) cells and the neurones of the autonomic nervous system. We have now investigated the possible presence of neuropeptides in the cat carotid body using both immunocytochemistry and radioimmunoassay. Met- and Leu-enkephalin-like material occurred in considerable quantities in carotid body extracts and enkephalin-like immunoreactivity was localised in type I cells. Both vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)- and substance P-like immunoreactivity was also present but was localised in nerve fibres distributed throughout the organ. These active neuropeptides are widely distributed in mammalian tissues, forming a diffuse regulatory system which now seems to include the carotid body.     

大鼠坐骨神经切断后经皮低频高强度电刺激相应脊髓节段中GAP-43表达的变化

目的探讨成年Wister大鼠在坐骨神经切断后GAP-43于相应脊髓节段前角运动神经元内的表达变化.方法选取健康成年雄性Wister大鼠60只,将坐骨神经切断,随机分为实验组和对照组,实验组给予经皮低频高强度电刺激,分别于术后1,2,4,8,12,16周处死,取其L4~L6脊髓,利用免疫组织化学技术检测GAP-43在相应脊髓节段中的表达变化,并利用影像分析系统进行统计学分析.结果对照组:1周时前角细胞胞体内GAP-43有明显表达,4周时达到高峰,5~8周时逐渐下调,9~16周时GAP-43在前角细胞胞体内中仍有少量表达,并呈弱阳性.实验组:1周时前角细胞胞体内GAP-43有明显表达,2周时达到高峰,且在4~16周时在神经元中仍有表达,并呈阳性.结论坐骨神经切断可导致成年大鼠相应脊髓节段中前角运动神经元GAP-43表达明显增加,可证明在周围神经损伤后神经元的再生能力增强,但时效很短.而给予低频高强度电刺激疗法后,GAP-43的表达在时长和量上都有明显增加.     

电刺激小脑顶核对大鼠心肌梗死后心脏神经再生的影响

探讨预先电刺激小脑顶核(FNS)对大鼠心肌梗死(MI)后心脏神经再生的干预作用。将90只Wistar大鼠随机分为:①MI组,结扎左冠状动脉前降支(LAD);②预先电刺激小脑顶核后再予以LAD结扎组(FNS MI组);③毁损小脑顶核后电刺激该部位,再行LAD结扎组(FNL FNS MI组)。各组又分MI后1,7,21d3个时间点。另设假手术组(Sham组)。应用免疫组织化学方法显示心脏组织胆碱乙酰转移酶(CHAT)和酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)。检测各时间点梗死区与非梗死区TH、CHAT阳性神经纤维分布密度,MI组与Sham组相比显著减少(P<0.01);FNS MI组较MI组显著增多(P<0.05);FNL FNS MI组与MI组比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。因此,电刺激小脑顶核可增加梗死区和非梗死区心肌组织TH、CHAT染色阳性神经纤维密度,促进MI后心脏神经纤维再生。     

Fiber-Based Chitosan Tubular Scaffolds for Soft Tissue Engineering： Fabrication and in Vitro Evaluation

Porous, two-ply tubular chitosan conduits for guided tissue regeneration were fabricated by combining the textile technique （inner layer） with the thermally induced phase separation process （outer layer）. A hollow chitosan tube was prepared using an industrial warp knitting process with chitosan yarns. Then, an appropriate diameter mandrel was inserted into the pre-fabricated tube. The tube and the mandrel were dipped into the chitosan solution together, taken out, and freeze-dried. After being neutralized in alkaline solution and dried at room temperature, the mandrel was removed to create the chitosan tubular scaffold. Scanning electron micrographs show that the resulting tubes have a biphasic wall structure, with a fibrous inner layer and a semipermeable outer layer. The swelling properties and the mechanical strength before and after in vitro degradation were investigated. The biocompatibility of the scaffolds was also investigated by co-culturing neuroblastoma cells （N2A, mouse） with the scaffolds. The results suggest that these chitosan tubular scaffolds are useful for the regeneration of tissues requiring a tubular scaffold.     

bFGF对自体神经移植后神经再生和神经元相关性的影响

目的探讨bFGF对自体神经移植后神经再生和神经元相关性的影响。方法切断大白鼠右侧坐骨神经10mm,在原位作神经外膜缝合,实验组注射bFGF100u/d,共10d,对照组注射生理盐水10d,术后12周取材。光镜观察,并计数再生神经纤维和神经元的绝对值,得出恢复率以及用统计学方法得出它们的相关性。结果两组均可见再生神经纤维通过吻合口,并向远端延伸。两组神经再生率与脊髓前角运动细胞或者脊神经节细胞存活率的相关系数均非常接近1,但实验组和对照组的组间相关系数无显著性差异。结论周围神经再生率与相应的脊髓前角运动细胞或者脊神经节细胞存活率之间的正相关关系是固有的,不会随bFGF的使用而改变     

Silk Fibroin-modified Poly（butadiene） urethane Films and Their Effects on Fibroblast Viability

Surface-modified poly（butadiene）urethane （PBTU） films with silk fibroin （SF） were prepared by simple chemical method under the normal temperature. The physical properties and biological behaviour of the SF-modified PBTU film were evaluated. The results showed that the SF-modified PBTU films kept the tenacity and pliability very well, and could overcome rigid and brittle weaks of silk fibroin films. The morphology of SF in the PBTU film was dendritic aggregations, and the water-contact angle measurement indicated that the surface hydrophilicity of modified films was apparently enhanced. The biocompatibility of PBTU films was improved due to the change of surface components. The degree of platelet adhesion and the cell viability of rat embryo dermal fibroblasts seeded on PBTU films, SF films, and SF-modified PBTU films were measured by counting platelets before and after they contacted the films and MTT assay, respectively. The results indicated that platelet adhesion resistance and cell viability on the modified film were greatly superior to those on the PBTU film and the compound interface had good stability in the air.     

长期服用抗癫痫药所致的周围神经传导速度减慢20例

目的研究抗癫痫药物时周围神经的损害.方法对20例无周围神经损害症状及体征,长期服用抗癫痫药物的病人,分别测定上下肢感觉、运动神经传导速度.结果20例周围神经传导速度及诱发电位波幅均有异常,且感觉神经较运动神经损害更重.异常率与疗程、病程成正相关性.与发作类型有关,与用药种类无明显关系.结论抗癫痫药对周围神经有损害.