溅射气压对ZnO薄膜的影响

采用射频磁控溅射的方法,通过改变溅射气压,在玻璃衬底上沉积出具有C轴择优取向的ZnO薄膜。用X射线衍射仪（xRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和原子力显微镜（AFM）对不同溅射气压下ZnO薄膜的结构、断面和表面形貌进行研究分析。结果表明,随着溅射气压的降低,ZnO薄膜的（002）取向增强,薄膜的厚度增加,沉积速率加快,氧化锌薄膜的沉积速率从4nm／min升高到21nm／min。在溅射压强为2．5Pa时制备的ZnO薄膜粗糙度最小,大小为5．45nm。     

P型ZnO：N薄膜的拉曼及光电特性研究

采用电子柬蒸发技术在石英衬底上制备了ZnO薄膜,以N离子注入的方式及后期退火处理实现N掺杂ZnO薄膜．借助拉曼散射光谱、透射光谱和霍尔测试等手段研究了ZnO：N薄膜的拉曼及光电特性．结果表明：所有样品均呈现ZnO纤锌矿结构,在ZnO：N薄膜拉曼光谱中发现与N相关的振动模式（位于272．5,505．1和643．6cm-）,分析表明N已掺入ZnO薄膜中;霍尔测试表明,通过适当退火处理后,ZnO：N薄膜向P型转变,其空穴浓度为7．73x10^17cm-3,迁移率为3．46cm2V-1s-1,电阻率为2．34Ωcm．然而,长期进行霍尔跟踪测试发现ZnO：N薄膜的P型性能随时间并不稳定,结合拉曼散射光谱和第一性原理计算分析认为由于p-ZnO：N薄膜中存在残余压应力,同时薄膜中还出现了易补偿空穴的施主缺陷（N2）o是P型不稳定的根本原因．     

用PLD法在MgO（100）衬底十生长ZnO薄膜的结构和光学特性

用脉冲激光沉积法在MgO（100）衬底上沉积了ZnO薄膜．衬底温度分别为400℃、550℃和700℃．利用X射线衍射（XRD）和光致发光谱（PL）对薄膜的结构和光学性能进行研究．x射线衍射的结果表明，在400℃和550℃下生长的ZnO薄膜具有高度c一轴择优取向．仉足当衬底温度升高到700℃时，薄膜由单一的择优取向变为有两个较强的择优取向．通过光致发光谱可以发现，在550℃下生长的ZnO薄膜具有强的紫外发射和窄的FWHM，并且紫外发光峰的强度与ZnO薄膜的结晶质量密切相关．     

衬底偏压对ZnO：Zr薄膜结构及光电性能的影响

以Zn：Zr（Zr片贴在金属Zn靶上面）为溅射靶材,利用直流反应磁控溅射法在Ar／O_2混合气氛中制备Zr掺杂ZnO（ZnO：Zr）薄膜．在制备ZnO：Zr薄膜时,衬底偏压在0～60V之间变化．研究结果表明,衬底偏压对薄膜的结构、光学及电学性能有很大影响．当衬底偏压从0增大到60V时,薄膜的平均光学透过率和平均折射率都单调增大,而薄膜的晶粒尺寸先增大后减小．ZnO：Zr薄膜电阻率的变化规律与晶粒尺寸相反．     

ZnO基透明导电薄膜制备方法研究进展

ZnO基透明导电薄膜与掺锡氧化铟薄膜（ITO）相比，不仅性能与其相似，还具有ITO很多无法比拟的优点．因此，制备ZnO基透明导电薄膜成为当今研究热点．综述了ZnO基透明导电薄膜制备方法的研究进展，并对各自的优缺点进行了讨论．     

Zn缺陷对ZnO薄膜光学特性的影响

采用射频磁控溅射方法在熔石英玻璃衬底上制备了ZnO薄膜．薄膜的X射线衍射（XRD）分析表明样品具有较好的结晶性和良好的C轴取向．光致发光（PL）性能分析发现,分别在398nm和470nm波长出现了较强的发光峰,与ZnO薄膜通常的发光峰位置明显不同．通过分析表明,398nm波长的发光峰是由于导带电子跃迁到Zn空位引起,470nm波长的发光峰是由于间隙Zn电子跃迁到Zn空位上而产生．     

衬底温度对Cr掺杂ZnO薄膜结构和透过率的影响

采用磁控溅射法在载玻片上制备了具有c轴高择优取向的Cr掺杂ZnO薄膜,利用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和紫外-可见分光光度计（UV—Vis）研究了衬底温度对Cr掺杂ZnO薄膜结构及光学透射特性的影响．结果表明,在衬底温度为400℃时制备的Zn0.98Cr0.02薄膜具有最好的结晶质量;衬底温度对薄膜的吸收边基本没有影响,但衬底温度为400℃时薄膜具有较高的透过率,其原因是在该奈件下薄膜具有较好的结晶质量．     

沉积温度对取向纳米ZnO阵列形貌结构的影响

采用化学气相沉积方法，以ZnO及无定形碳粉末为原料，高纯Ar气为载气，在单晶硅和Al2O3基底上，用化学气相沉积技术，在750—1050℃范围内制备了取向的纳米ZnO晶体阵列．用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）和荧光光谱（PL）等方法对ZnO薄膜阵列的结构和性能进行了表征，发现沉积温度对取向ZnO纳米阵列的生长结构和光致发光特性有重要影响，并就生长条件对纳米ZnO晶体阵列性能的影响因素进行了讨论分析．     

超声喷雾热解法制备AZO薄膜及其光致发光性能研究

利用超声喷雾热解法以乙酸锌、硝酸铝为Zn、Al源配制前驱体溶液,按不同的Z n、A l原子比（1∶0．02,1∶0．03,1∶0．04,1∶0．05和1∶0．06）在单晶硅（100）衬底上制备出具有较好光致发光性能的ZnO ：Al（AZO）薄膜．采用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM ）和光致发光谱（PL ）表征了样品的晶体结构、表面形貌和光致发光性能．结果表明：所制备样品属于纤锌矿ZnO 结构,且择（002）取向生长,薄膜表面比较平整,具有较好的光致发光性能．并且Al掺杂量对AZO薄膜的紫外发射性能有重要影响,随着Al掺杂量的增加,紫外发射峰先蓝移后红移．在Zn、Al原子比为1∶0．04时得到的AZO薄膜结晶质量最好,蓝移量最大,光致发光性能最佳．     

溅射沉积纳米ZnO膜的表征及其性能

利用RF磁控溅射法在PET非织造布表面沉积氧化锌（ZnO）薄膜,并利用原子力显微镜（AFM）和能量弥散X-射线法（EDX）对ZnO薄膜的表面形貌和结构进行表征和分析.结果表明,沉积的ZnO颗粒具备纳米级尺度,且颗粒分布均匀、膜层致密,薄膜颗粒中只含有Zn和O两种元素;随着沉积时间的延长,ZnO呈多层生长模式.测试表明,经ZnO镀层处理的PET非织造布具有较强的紫外线屏蔽效果和优良的抗静电效果.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.