冷诱导基因的转录因子CBF1转化油菜和烟草及抗寒性鉴定

为研究冷诱导基因的转录因子CBF1(C-repeat binding factor)基因对植物抗寒的作用,利用PCR技术从拟南芥菜(Arabidopsis thaliana)中扩增并克隆了该转录因子,并将其与CaMV 35S启动子融合构建成植物表达载体pBPCBF1.以农杆菌介导的叶盘法,分别转化了油菜和烟草.经PCR程序的DNA分析和Southern杂交对具有卡那霉素抗性的再生植株进行了鉴定,表明CBF1基因已整合进烟草和油菜基因组中.以电解质渗漏法分别检测了转化的油菜和烟草的抗寒性,结果显示转基因油菜的抗寒性较未转基因油菜有明显提高,转基因烟草抗寒性也有一定的提高.因此利用对转录因子的调控来提高植物的抗寒性可能有很好的应用前景.     

拟南芥转录因子CBF1基因杂交狼尾草的转化

CBF1转录激活因子是一类存在于拟南芥中受低温诱导的反式作用因子,能有效提高植物抗低温、抗干旱的能力.因此以拟南芥叶片为材料,通过PCR方法成功地克隆CBF1转录因子基因,并将其连接到植物表达载体pBI121上,通过农杆菌介导法转化杂交狼尾草叶片,成功获得转基因再生植株.     

拟南芥CBF基因的克隆

CBFs是拟南芥中能与低温响应元件CCGAC结合的转录因子，通过诱导冷调节基因(COR)的表达从而增强植物的耐冻性。CBFs由一个小的基因家族编码，包括3个成员：CBF1、CBF2和CBF3，在序列上高度相似。我们根据其编码基因的启动子和终止子中的一致序列，设计了一对PCR引物，用一次反应即同时获得了这3个基因的克隆。     

IAA和GA3诱导荠菜CBF途径冷应答相关基因表达的研究

低温、干旱以及高盐条件是植物生长过程中所面临的主要逆境胁迫.植物中的CBF途径已被证实是赋予植物低温抗性的主效途径,近年来备受关注.为了阐明荠菜中CBF途径冷应答相关基因表达与激素诱导之间的相关性,本研究利用RTPCR技术,对2种激素分子生长素(IAA)和赤霉素(GA3)诱导处理的荠菜幼苗中CBF途径抗冷相关基因的转录本进行了半定量分析.结果表明,2种激素分子对荠菜CBF途径冷应答相关基因表达诱导作用有一定的差异.因此认为荠菜CBF途径冷应答相关基因表达不仅具有低温的诱导性,而且也具有激素分子IAA和G     

AhHDA1异源表达影响拟南芥植株干旱性

将花生组蛋白去乙酰化酶1基因(Arachis hygogaea histone deacetylase 1,AhHDA1)转化拟南芥野生型Col-0和突变体had6,对获得的纯合转基因植株进行抗旱性分析,并对ABA合成及相关响应基因表达进行检测.结果表明:AhHDA1蛋白定位于细胞核,在干旱条件下,与hda6突变体比较,p35S%HDA1/hda6拟南芥植株的叶片相对含水量降低,气孔开度增大,干旱存活率降低,基本回复了Col的表型;体内ABA合成关键酶基因At NCED3和ABA信号途径重要转录因子At ABF3基因的表达降低,但RD29A基因表达提高.而p35S%HDA1/Col较p35S%HDA1/hda6和Col的抗旱性关键生理指标降低更加显著.说明hda6突变体表型回复确实由于外源AhHDA1的表达引起的,推测AhHDA1影响植物抗旱性与ABA的合成与信号通路相关.     

小盐芥(Thellungiella salsuginea)CBF1基因的克隆

CBFs （ CRT/DRE-binding factor ）是结合DNA顺式元件CCGAC的转录因子．拟南芥中CBFs由一个小的基因家族编码,包括3个成员：CBF1、CBF2和CBF3,它们在植物抗逆性调控中起重要作用．为了获得高度耐盐耐旱的转基因植物,我们以盐生植物小盐芥为材料,依据拟南芥中CBF1的序列信息设计引物,扩增出小盐芥中CBF1的部分序列,然后使用SMART^TM RACE等方法,从小盐芥中克隆到全长的CBF1 cDNA序列,进而重组到植物表达载体中,为植物抗逆基因工程提供了有用基因．     

过表达转录因子AhAREB1对拟南芥生长素分布的影响

本课题组前期研究表明,过表达AhAREB1(花生AREB转录因子基因)植株矮小,叶片卷曲,抗旱能力增强,体内IAA含量升高,推测AhAREB1可能影响植株体内IAA分布.该文采用携带3个重复IAA化学诱导启动子元件的pDR5::GUS植株与AhAREB1过表达拟南芥植株的杂交纯合后代,通过GUS组织化学染色方法,探讨AhAREB1转录因子对植株体内IAA分布的影响.结果表明,过表达AhAREB1植株体内IAA增加,主要分布在幼苗的根尖和成苗的叶片边缘;在过表达植株IAA响应基因IAA29和IAA运输蛋白基因LAX3表达均显著下调,而IAA响应蛋白基因ARF2和ARF9显著上调.过表达AhAREB1植株体内IAA分布不均衡是引起表型变化的原因之一.     

拟南芥逆境诱导型启动子rd29A的克隆及活性检测

以拟南芥基因组DNA为模板,通过特异PCR扩增,克隆逆境诱导表达启动子rd29A。序列分析表明,该启动子与NCBI上已报道rd29A的启动子有9964%的同源性,其序列含有干旱诱导表达元件DRE和ABA作用元件ABRE等顺式作用元件。用rd29A启动子替换pBI121载体上的35S启动子构建新的载体pBrd-GUS,并以农杆菌介导法将其转入烟草。转基因烟草的GUS组织化学染色及PCR分析结果表明,在低温、干旱及高盐等胁迫诱导下,rd29A启动子可增强GUS基因表达,因此,rd29A启动子可应用于植物抗逆基因工程研究。     

小拟南芥ApCBF基因的克隆及转化烟草的初步研究

CBF是植物冷驯化过程中的关键性调节因子。利用PCR及染色体步移法从新疆特有拟南芥近源种植物——小拟南芥的基因组中克隆了CBF基因的同源序列（DQ207404）。生物信息分析表明，该序列具有完整的读码框，推定的蛋白质序列与拟南芥CBF1，2，3的相似性分别为：87．6％、86．6％和88．1％。以植物表达载体pBI121为基础，构建了由组成型启动子35S调控ApCBF的植物表达载体pCB111。通过根癌农杆菌介导，采用叶盘法转化烟草，PCR检测初步证明却ApCBF基因已整合到烟草基因组中。为利用ApCBF基因改良植物抗逆性奠定了物质基础。     

干旱胁迫下中国沙棘HB15基因的时空表达模式

中国沙棘是西北高寒干旱区的抗旱型植物,HB类转录因子是参与植物干旱胁迫的重要基因。为发掘沙棘抗旱相关基因,文中以转录组测序获得的HD-Zip家族的中国沙棘转录因子HB15基因为研究对象,采用qRT-PCR技术研究中国沙棘HB15基因在干旱胁迫下的时空表达模式。结果表明:随着干旱胁迫程度增强,HB15基因的表达量在干旱胁迫的中国沙棘的根、茎、叶3个部位均呈现先增加后降低的趋势,并于复水后急剧降低,且3个部位均为上调表达,但表达情况又有所差异。研究结果说明中国沙棘HB15基因受干旱胁迫的诱导表达。     

Construction of a new plant expression vector containing two insect resistant genes and its expression in transgenic tobacco plants

A new plant expression vector (pBS29K-BA) containing two insect resistant genes, a synthetic chimeric gene BtS29K encoding the activated insecticidal protein Cry1Ac and a gene API-BA encoding the arrowhead (Sagittaria sagittifolia L.) proteinase inhibitor (API) A and B, is constructed. Transgenic tobacco plants expressing these two genes are obtained through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of tobacco leaf discs. The average expression levels of Cry1Ac and API-BA proteins in transgenic plants are of 3.2 μg and 4.9 μg per gram fresh leaf respectively. The results of insecticidal assay of transgenic plants indicate that the pBS29K-BA transformed plants are more resistant to insect damage than the plants expressing the Cry1Ac gene or API-BA gene alone.     

TaNHX2基因植物表达载体的构建及在烟草中的表达

将TaNHX2基因重组于质粒pBIN438的CaMV 35S启动子下游,构建含TaNHX2基因的植物双元表达载体pBIN438-TaNHX2.采用农杆菌介导转化烟草(Nicotiana tobacum L.),获得含TaNHX2的转基因烟草植株.经PCR、RT-PCR分析表明,TaNHX2基因已整合到烟草中,并且得到表达.耐盐分析表明,外源基因TaNHX2提高了转基因植株的耐盐性.     

多基因双T-DNA植物表达载体的构建及拟南芥转化

多基因植物表达载体用于植物遗传转化是培育具有多种优良品质作物的有效策略. 双T-DNA系统是实现筛选完成后选择标记基因删除的一种简便可行的方式. 为培育高度抗逆或去除标记基因的农作物，构建了多基因双T-DNA植物表达载体2T-bbgdD，其中含有一个抗除草剂基因bar, 3个抗逆相关基因(DREB1A, Na+依赖性Pi转运体基因（d5）, betA)和一个报告基因gfp. 利用农杆菌介导法将该载体转入拟南芥，获得了多基因共转化及去除标记基因的转基因拟南芥. 可将此植物表达载体进一步用于作物的遗传转化.     

Obtaining High Pest-resistant Tobacco Plants Carrying B.t. insecticidal Gene

To increase the expression level of CryIA(c) gene in transgenic plants, a plant expression vector pBinMoBc carrying the CryIA(c) gene under control of chimeric OM promoter and Ω factor was constructed. As a control, pBinoBc carrying the CryIA(c) gene with the CaMV 35S promoter was also constructed. The vectors were transferred into tobacco plants respectively via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. ELISA assay showed that the expression level of the CryIA(c) gene in pBinMoBc transgenic tobacco plants was 2.44-times that in pBinoBc transgenic tobacco plants, and it could be up to 0.255% of total soluble proteins. Bioassay showed that pBinMoBc transgenic tobacco plants had more notable insecticidal effect than pBinoBc transgenic tobacco plants. The above results showed that the chimeric OM promoter was a stronger promoter than CaMV 35S promoter that was widely used in plant genetic engineering, and this is very useful in pest-resistant plant genetic engineering.     

Function of resveratrol derived from transgenic plant expressing resveratrol synthase gene

Two genes from grapevine coding for resveratrol synthase, named RS1 and RS2, were cloned by RT-PCR. AnEscherichia coli expression vector was constructed by insertion of RS1 into pBV221. A specific protein with the same molecular weight (42 ku) as the resveratrol synthase was expressed and used to prepare the rabbit antiserum. A plant expression vector was constructed by inserting the RS1 gene into pBin438 downstream of the doubled CaMV 35S promoter and TMV-Ω fragment. PCR-positive transgenic tobacco plants were obtained after transformation withAgrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404 harboring the plant expression vector. Southern blot analysis demonstrated that the foreign gene was integrated into the tobacco genome. The results of RT-PCR and Western blot indicated that the RS1 gene was transcribed and expressed. Formation of resveratrol in transgenic tobacco was further determined by thin-layer chromatography of silica gel and HPLC. Increased accumulation of human breast adenocarcinoma cells in G₀ and G₁ phases of cell cycle was observed in cells treated with resveratrol purified from transgenic tobacco as compared to the untreated cells.     

Expression of two insect-resistant genes crylA ( b&c )/GNA in transgenic tobacco plants results in added protection against both cotton bollworm and aphids

The synthesized Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal protein gene crylA(b&c) and the synthesized gene GNA, (the mannose specific lectin from snowdrop ( Galanthus nivalis)), tumefaciens have been inserted into plant expression vector pGW4BAI. Leave stripes of Nico-tiana tabacum var. K326 have been transformed with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 harboring the plant expression vector. 28 kanamycin resistant tobacco plants have been obtained. PCR and Southern blot analyses show that the foreign crylA and GNA genes have been inserted into the genome of transformed tobacco plants. Haemagglutination assays show that GNA has a functional activity. Leaf disc bioassays against cotton bollworm ( H. armigera) show that the transgenic tobacco plants have a high insecticidal activity. The inhibition of aphid population in leaf disc bioassays against Myzus persicae shows that the fecundity of aphid on transgenic plants is lower than that on untransformed plants; the aphid population on the transgenic tobacco plants is 25%-70% that on untransformed tobacco plants. ELISA analysis of CrylA protein in tobcco leaves provides similar data to bioassay results. Through the two bioassays against H. armigera and M. persicae, several transgenic tobacco plants showing high insect-resistant activities to both pests have been obtained.     

Integration and inheritance stability of foreignBt toxin gene in the bivalent insect-resistant transgenic cotton plants

Genetic and expressional stability of Bt toxin gene is crucial for the breeding of insect-resistant transgenic cotton varieties and their commercialization. Genomic Southern blot analysis of R₃, R₄ and R₅ generations of bivalent transgenic insect-resistant cotton plants was done in order to determine the integration, the copy number and the inheritance stability of Bt toxin gene in the transgenic cotton plants. The results indicated that there was a 4.7 kb positive band in the Southern blot when the genomic DNA of the bivalent transgenic insect-resistant cotton plants and the positive control (the plasmid) were digested with HindⅢ respectively. This result proved that the Bt toxin gene had been integrated into the genome of the cotton in full length. There is only one XhoⅠ restriction site in the Bt toxin gene. Southern blot analysis indicated that many copies of Bt toxin gene had been integrated into the genome of the cotton when the genomic DNA of transgenic plants was digested with XhoⅠ. Among them, there were four copies (about 17.7, 8, 5.5 and 4.7 kb in size) existing in all the tested plants of ₃, R₄ and R₅ generations. The preliminary conclusion was that there were more than four copies of Bt toxin gene integrated into the genome of the cotton, among them, more than one copy can express and inherit steadily. This result provides a scientific basis for the breeding of the bivalent insect-resis- tant transgenic cotton plants and its commercialization.