利用灌注技术观察昆明小鼠Willis环的形态结构

目的建立完整的昆明小鼠动脉环(Willis环)形态结构。方法选用昆明小鼠利用灌注技术经左心室往脑血管内灌注填充塑化剂约2 mL,去骨取脑,观察Willis环结构。结果该方法使复杂的小鼠脑血管及Willis环立体清晰的显露出来。结论我们采用灌注技术显示小鼠脑血管动脉环的形态结构,对小鼠脑血管的模型制作具有一定的指导意义。     

体外反搏对犬动脉剪切应力参数的影响

为研究体外反搏对不同情况下剪切应力参数的影响，对18条开胸犬实时测量颈主动脉，头臂干和胸主动脉等处的血流量，计算出各处剪切应力的变化，结果表明，急性心肌缺血和体外反搏可以使剪切应力的平均值，变化范围和变化速率发生变化，即改变了剪切应力的脉动性。     

黄芪丹参配伍提取物对心肌缺血大鼠的心脏保护作用

为证实黄芪丹参配伍提取物对心肌缺血模型大鼠的心脏具有保护作用,通过左前降支结扎诱导心肌梗死（MI）大鼠模型的方法,研究培哚普利组（PB组）、黄芪组（HQ组）、丹参组（DS组）、黄芪丹参配伍提取物组（HQ+DS组）等药物干预后对心功能的影响。采用Notch信号抑制剂RO4929097探讨Notch信号在HQ+DS组诱导心肌梗死边缘区（infarcted border zone,IBZ）血管生成中的作用。用动物超声和Masson染色评价左室射血分数（left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF）和心肌梗死面积百分比。用免疫荧光法测定心肌IBZ中CD31和vWF的平均光密度（average optical densities,AODs）。Western blot法检测低氧诱导因子1-??（hypoxia inducible factor 1-alpha,HIF-1??）、成纤维细胞生长因子受体1（fibroblast growth factor receptor 1,FGFR-1）、Notch1和Notch胞内结构域（Notch intracellular domain,NICD）等血管生成相关蛋白和干细胞动员相关蛋白,例如基质细胞衍生因子1（stromal cell-derived factor 1,SDF-1）、C-X-C趋化因子受体4型（C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4,CXCR-4）和心肌营养素1（cardiotrophin 1,CT-1）。结果表明：与模型组相比,治疗3周后HQ+DS和PB组的LVEF均明显改善、心肌梗死面积降低,尽管与模型组相比HQ组和DS组LVEF增加、心肌梗死面积减少,但差异不显著;模型组和HQ+DS-I组IBZ中CD31的AODs均明显低于假手术组,与模型组相比,HQ+DS显著增加IBZ中CD31的 AODs,降低梗死区CD31和vWF的AODs;模型组和各治疗组HIF-1的表达均高于假手术组;与模型组相比,HQ+DS组的FGFR-1、SDF-1、CT-1、Notch1和NICD表达增加;与HQ+DS组相比,HQ+DS-I组的Notch1和NICD表达降低。可见黄芪丹参配伍对IBZ心肌细胞的保护作用优于黄芪或丹参单独应用,黄芪丹参配伍保护MI大鼠的的机制可能通过Notch信号传导和动员干细胞向IBZ移动而发挥促血管新生作用。     

脑栓通颗粒对实验性脑缺血的保护作用

目的研究脑栓通颗粒对实验性脑缺血的保护作用。方法采用小鼠断头后张口喘气的方法,观察脑栓通颗粒对小鼠耐缺氧的影响;常压耐缺氧法考察脑栓通颗粒的抗缺氧作用;采用尾静脉注射伊文思蓝溶液,测定脑内的伊文思蓝含量,观察脑栓通颗粒对小鼠血脑通透性的影响;采用结扎大鼠双侧颈总动脉的方法,考察脑栓通颗粒对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的影响。结果脑栓通颗粒能明显延长小鼠断头后喘气时间,对延长小鼠常压耐缺氧下存活时间的效果不明显;脑栓通颗粒中剂量组和高剂量组能明显增加小鼠脑内的伊文思蓝含量,增强血脑通透性;脑栓通颗粒能明显减轻缺血再灌注后大鼠的脑组织含水量,改善水肿状态。结论脑栓通颗粒对实验性脑缺血有保护作用。     

脑缺血动物模型的研究进展

缺血性脑血管病是由于脑动脉硬化等原因,使脑动脉管腔狭窄,血流减少或完全阻塞,脑部血液循环障碍,脑组织受损而发生的一系列症状,是临床医学的难题.制备脑缺血动物模型对缺血性脑学管病的病理生理学机制的探讨、特效药的筛选、最佳治疗方法的建立就显得尤为重要,本文就常用的脑缺血动物模型的选择、制备及影响因素做一综述.     

葛根素对脑缺血大鼠纹状体透析液中单胺类的影响

采用大鼠中动脉阻塞诱导脑缺血再灌注模型,将微透析与HPLC结合,建立精确实时检测脑缺血大鼠纹状体中神经递质的方法,探讨了葛根素对该脑区单胺类递质的影响。实验证实葛根素能够改善大鼠由于脑缺血造成的单胺类神经递质释放的紊乱。     

rAAV1载体介导外源性VEGF-165和Angiopoietin-1基因治疗大鼠脑缺血的疗效评价及其机制研究

为研究经脑室途径联合应用血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）和血管生成素（Angiopoietin-1,Ang-1）,治疗大鼠急性脑梗塞的效果,并探讨治疗的机制。采用脑立体定向输注的方法,将rAAV1-VEGF治疗载体或者rAAV1-VEGF和rAAV1-Ang-1的混合治疗载体,通过侧脑室转染途径对大鼠大脑中动脉阻塞缺血再灌注模型进行基因治疗。观测VEGF和Ang-1蛋白表达、血脑屏障通透性、脑微血管密度等指标,并对大鼠进行神经功能行为评分等。结果显示,联合应用VEGF和Ang-1治疗急性脑梗塞可降低血脑屏障通透性,减轻脑水肿。增加缺血灶周围脑区的微血管密度,改善大鼠的神经功能。由此得出结论：联合应用VEGF和Ang-1基因治疗大鼠急性脑缺血。可保护脑细胞,促进新生血管生成,减轻脑水肿。改善大鼠的神经功能。     

Effect of Salvianolic Acid B on Mitochondrial Function of CerebralIschemia in Mice

The effects of salvianolic acid B (SalB) on the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), calcium, and apoptosis of neurons with cerebral ischemia in mice were investigated using an acute cerebral ischemia model established by ligating the bilateral common carotid arteries in mice. The MMP, the intracellular calcium concentration, and the apoptosis rate of cortical neurons were measured at 6 min, 12 min, 18 min, 24 min, and 30 min after cerebral ischemia by a flow cytometer. The experiments show that SalB increases the MMP and reduces the intracellular calcium and the apoptosis rate at different stages of the cerebral ischemia in mice. The results show that the protective mechanism of SalB on cerebral ischemia enhances the MMP and maintains intracellular calcium homeostasis.     

Cerebral ischemia revisited: New insights as revealed using in vitro brain slice preparations

Summary The elucidation of the pathophysiological mechanisms of cerebral ischemia/hypoxia dictates the use of experimental models which mimic this disabling brain condition. In vivo experimental models have been available for many decades and are responsible for the bulk of, though incomplete, knowledge we have about these mechanisms. Since study in isolation of each postulated mechanism is impossible in vivo, the need for an in vitro experimental model has intensified in recent years. Consequently, rat and guinea pig hippocampal slice preparations have emerged as the models of choice. This review attempts to highlight some of the results obtained using brain slices in the study of cerebral ischemia/hypoxia and compare them to those obtained in vivo. Both the biochemical and the physiological correlates of energy metabolism, ion homeostasis, neurotransmission and neuromodulation of this brain condition are reviewed. The agreements, and especially the disagreements, between the in vivo and in vitro findings are emphasized. Details are given of the possible roles of both lactic acid, Ca²⁺ and excitotoxins in the neuronal damage inflicted by cerebral ischemia/hypoxia. Recent attempts to protect brain slices against experimental cerebral ischemic/hypoxic damage are also reviewed here briefly.     

大鼠不完全性视网膜缺血的组织学变化

采用双侧颈总动脉阻断血流（２ＶＯ）的方法，造成大鼠不完全性视网膜缺血，用组织学方法观察了不同缺血时间（３０、９０ｍｉｎ，４、７、３０ｄ）的缺血后再灌注与不再灌流对视网膜变化的影响。结果显示：缺血３０和９０ｍｉｎ再灌流４ｄ后，内炕网膜（包括外网层、内核层、内网层、节细胞层、神经纤维怪和内界膜）明显增厚；其他不再灌流的缺血组，厚度趋向减少。节细胞计数随缺血时间延长逐渐减少；缺血４ｄ后明显减少。提示不完