全文获取类型
收费全文 | 38064篇 |
免费 | 1745篇 |
国内免费 | 1843篇 |
专业分类
系统科学 | 1528篇 |
丛书文集 | 1449篇 |
教育与普及 | 1413篇 |
理论与方法论 | 153篇 |
现状及发展 | 230篇 |
研究方法 | 124篇 |
综合类 | 36750篇 |
自然研究 | 5篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 139篇 |
2023年 | 527篇 |
2022年 | 779篇 |
2021年 | 861篇 |
2020年 | 570篇 |
2019年 | 265篇 |
2018年 | 386篇 |
2017年 | 498篇 |
2016年 | 482篇 |
2015年 | 958篇 |
2014年 | 1383篇 |
2013年 | 1320篇 |
2012年 | 1532篇 |
2011年 | 1659篇 |
2010年 | 1599篇 |
2009年 | 1759篇 |
2008年 | 1927篇 |
2007年 | 1911篇 |
2006年 | 1563篇 |
2005年 | 1511篇 |
2004年 | 1046篇 |
2003年 | 929篇 |
2002年 | 920篇 |
2001年 | 1055篇 |
2000年 | 1140篇 |
1999年 | 1996篇 |
1998年 | 1653篇 |
1997年 | 1773篇 |
1996年 | 1616篇 |
1995年 | 1380篇 |
1994年 | 1214篇 |
1993年 | 1083篇 |
1992年 | 908篇 |
1991年 | 813篇 |
1990年 | 722篇 |
1989年 | 639篇 |
1988年 | 519篇 |
1987年 | 326篇 |
1986年 | 172篇 |
1985年 | 63篇 |
1984年 | 9篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 9篇 |
1973年 | 7篇 |
1970年 | 3篇 |
1967年 | 2篇 |
1964年 | 2篇 |
1957年 | 3篇 |
1955年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Liquid Li metal is a promising nuclear reactor coolant; however, relevant research regarding its heat transfer characteristics remains insufficient. In this study, a steady-state two-dimensional mathematical model is established to describe the heat transfer process of liquid Li in a straight pipe. A numerical analysis is conducted to investigate the effects of inlet velocity, inlet temperature, and wall heat flux on heat transfer in liquid Li. The results indicate the advantage of using liquid Li for improving heat transfer at high inlet temperatures (> 1000 K) compared with using liquid sodium and lead–bismuth eutectic. Considering the mechanism of the outlet radial heat flow model, the ratio of turbulent to molecular diffusion coefficients presents a parabolic distribution along the radius of the pipe. Increasing the inlet velocity, decreasing the inlet temperature, and decreasing the wall heat flux can effectively weaken the dominant role of molecular heat transfer owing to the low Prandtl number of liquid Li. The heat transfer of liquid Li is investigated comprehensively in this study, and the results provide a basis for the practical application of liquid Li as a promising coolant. 相似文献
2.
高级管理人员的薪酬作为现代企业委托代理关系中的核心问题一直是社会的焦点.本文以我国民营上市公司为样本,首先研究了公司规模、每股收益、营业收入、流动负债和高管持股比例作用于高管薪酬不同分位点处的条件分位偏效应,结果表明它们在不同分位水平下的影响各异;然后为了获得这些因素的一般边际影响,利用无条件分位回归分析了它们的无条件分位偏效应,结果指出公司规模、每股收益和营业收入与各个分位水平的高管薪酬呈不同程度的正相关而流动负债则为负相关,高管持股比例与低分位水平的高管薪酬正相关而对中高分位水平的影响不显著;最后对相关结果进行了对比,发现每个影响因素的条件和无条件分位偏效应有所区别,并且无条件分位偏效应的解释意义更具有现实价值. 相似文献
3.
4.
Evolutionary game analysis of low-carbon behavior credit supervision of logistics enterprises 下载免费PDF全文
Based on the low-carbon obligation fulfillment of Chinese logistics enterprises, this study constructs a tripartite evolutionary game model to analyze the evolutionary process of the interaction between the local government, logistics enterprises and the public in the process of low-carbon behavior credit supervision. Then using Netlogo software, a parameter simulation experiment is conducted to determine the optimal policy for improving the effect of supervision. The results are as follows: ① The combined influence of the local government and the public can effectively change the strategic choice of enterprises and promote the low-carbon behavior of enterprises. ② In terms of improving the effect of supervision, reducing the cost of government supervision would have a highly significant effect, and reducing the cost of the public would be counterproductive. ③ Increasing the government subsidies to enterprises and the government’s fines to enterprises both have a significant effect, and the effect of improving the former is better. However, increasing the severity of higher-level governments punishing local governments will reduce the stability of the system. ④ Supervision can be more effective by increasing the public’s impact on enterprises’ earnings rather than by increasing government subsidies to the public. 相似文献
5.
为探讨不同补贴模式对机场群航线网络结构的影响,本文构建了关于机场、航空公司和乘客之间的动态博弈模型,通过逆向归纳法得到了纳什均衡条件. 研究结果发现:(1)不同的补贴模式对多机场航线网络结构产生重要影响,低补贴模式促使机场群倾向于形成点对点航线网络结构,反之,在高补贴模式下机场群易于形成枢纽辐射航线网络; (2)在较低的空铁联运总运营成本环境下,补贴竞争使得航空公司倾向于选择系统内的大型机场作为枢纽机场;反之,如果空铁联运总运营成本相对较高,补贴竞争使得航空公司倾向于选择小机场作为枢纽节点; (3)随航班固定成本和空铁联运总运营成本的增大,大型机场作为枢纽节点的概率逐渐减少,而小机场被选为枢纽节点的概率将逐渐增大. 随着机场群内大型机场腹地服务人口比例的增大,航空公司选择点对点航线网络的概率在减小. 研究结论能够为民航管理部门科学制定和应用航线补贴政策提供决策依据. 相似文献
6.
7.
Xiangdong Kang Yuyang Kang Xingxing Hong Zhenhua Sun Chao Zhen Chaohao Hu Gang Liu Huiming Cheng 《自然科学进展(英文版)》2018,28(2):183-188
Extending visible light absorption range and suppressing the recombination of photogenerated charge carriers are always important topics in developing efficient solar-driven photocatalysts. In this study, the thermal treatment process at 400 °C in a high-pressure hydrogen atmosphere was applied to modify graphitic carbon nitride. Compared to the normal atmospheric hydrogen treatment process, this process has the merit of producing nitrogen deficient graphitic carbon nitride in high-yield. The optimal photocatalytic activity of modified graphitic carbon nitride was demonstrated by controlling the treatment duration in the hydrogen atmosphere.The changes in the crystal structure, microstructure and optical properties of carbon nitrides were investigated by several characterizations. The relationship between the photocatalytic activity and structures of graphitic carbon nitride was preliminarily established. The results obtained in this study could provide some new ways of improving the activity of graphitic carbon nitride based photocatalyst. 相似文献
8.
针对柴油储存过程中质量衰变问题,利用典型柴油样品,开展烃化合物对中国成品柴油储存安定性影响规律研究。烃组成分析测定结果表明,柴油中总芳烃和链烷烃之间存在很强的相关性(相关系数为0.90)。综合采用相关分析、逐步线性回归等方法,建立了安定性指标与烃组成的关联模型,拟合验证表明模型可靠,可以直接用于柴油储存安定性预测;研究确定了柴油储存安定性的主要影响物质,按照对储存安定性指标影响的严重程度将烃类物质分为三个等级,其中苊烯和三环芳烃对柴油质量衰变影响最大,链烷烃对十六烷值和热值影响最大。 相似文献
9.
Xiuli Liu 《系统科学与复杂性》2018,31(6):1554-1570
The paper established a double filtering method (DFM) to visualize the skeleton industrial structure (SIS) of one economy and find its evolution rule. Different with the previous researches, this method is from a new view of industrial conjunctions combined by leading sectors to depict the industrial structure. It was proved that the leading sector selected by DFM must be key sector selected by Hirschman-Rasmussen method. Applied DFM to input-output tables of China, Japan and USA and MFA to Japan and USA, the results analysis showed that DFM could overtake the two main shortcomings of minimum flow analysis (MFA), scratch SIS of each economy with its own characteristics, visualize the general evolution rules of the industrial structure with crisscrossed conjunctions among leading sectors. 相似文献
10.
Patricio Atanes Inmaculada Ruz-Maldonado Ross Hawkes Bo Liu Min Zhao Guo Cai Huang Israa Mohammed Al-Amily Albert Salehi Stefan Amisten Shanta J. Persaud 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2018,75(16):3039-3050