基于共价有机框架的仿生光动力学治疗试剂的构建

共价有机框架（COF）是一类新兴的多孔有机聚合物，因其具有较大的比表面积、有序的孔道结构以及良好的生物相容性，已成为具有潜力的纳米药物载体.制备了基于COF纳米颗粒的仿生纳米复合物，负载光敏剂孟加拉玫瑰红（RB），并包裹癌细胞膜（CMV）对该复合物进行仿生修饰.结果表明：制备的COF/RB@CMV纳米复合物具有良好的生物兼容性，能够被肿瘤细胞有效摄取，并在光照激活条件下产生对细胞具有高毒性的活性氧化物（ROS），进而起到了杀伤肿瘤细胞的作用.提出了一种新的基于COF的仿生纳米平台用作光动力学治疗（PDT）试剂.     

Key technologies for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell systems fueled impure hydrogen

Hydrogen energy and polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells become concerned issues in recent years. Nevertheless, the construction of hydrogen refueling infrastructure and hydrogen storage and transportation constrains the commercial development of fuel cells. In this review, sources, production, storage, transportation, and purification methods of hydrogen are extensively reviewed and compared. The advantages of utilizing industrial by-product hydrogen and steam reforming gas in PEM fuel cell systems are analyzed. Using industrial wasted hydrogen can significantly reduce the cost of hydrogen. Also, it is indicated that the onboard hydrogen generation by steam methanol reforming can solve the difficulties of efficient storage and transportation of gaseous hydrogen, which means that methanol has great potential to be a convenient carrier of hydrogen. The effects of impurities contained in the reformate gas are generally introduced. After the methanol steam reforming and pretreatment purification processes, the reformate gas can be fed to PEM fuel cells. Thus, a fuel cell system integrated with onboard hydrogen production and impure hydrogen treatment subsystems is introduced, and key technologies therein for pretreatment purification and in-situ poisoning mitigation methods are reviewed. Finally, suggestions are proposed for further studies.     

Janus few layered graphene with asymmetric wettability as anti-flooding cathode supports in proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Water balance in cathode catalyst layer (CCL) is crucial for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Herein, we report a novel strategy to develop a Janus few layered graphene particles (FLGP) with asymmetric wettability by varying the carbon precursors in the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process. Using the Janus FLGP supported Pt with asymmetric wettability as the cathode of a PEMFC, a peak power density of 632 mW cm⁻² was achieved, which was about two-folds of the hydrophobic FLGP and three-folds of hydrophilic FLGP based cathode, respectively. The enhanced performance could be ascribed to the well-constructed three-phase boundary in an anti-flooding cathode, leading to enlarged electrochemical active surface area and facilitated mass transfer. This work may provide new clues for improving water management in PEMFCs.     

高性能膜分离材料、膜过程强化关键技术及装备的研制与应用

针对影响和制约膜分离技术大规模推广应用的关键材料与技术瓶颈,中国科学院过程工程研究所"生化工程介质与设备"创新团队经过多年自主创新,在高性能分离膜材料、膜过程强化关键技术和高效膜分离装备等方面取得了系列科研成果,部分成果在调味品、水处理、中药等行业实现了产业化应用,创造了显著的经济效益和社会效益,为提高我国膜工业研发与应用水平,缩短我国膜分离行业与国外先进水平之间的差距,促进膜分离技术的大规模工业化应用做出了贡献。     

A new microfiltration membrane with three-dimensional reticular architecture for Nano-pollutants removal from wastewater

This research provides a new insight into designing next-generation filtration materials for Nano-pollutants removal from wastewater, and potentially for gas/solid or liquid/solid separation in corrosive environment. Considering the high corrosion and oxidation resistance, Ti–40Al–10Nb–10Cr porous alloy was prepared by powder metallurgy and used as a mechanical support with a pore size of around 10 ?μm. Subsequently, metallic Zn nanoparticles was coated on the Ti–40Al–10Nb–10Cr porous framework by means of chemical vapor deposition, obtaining a novel microfiltration membrane with three-dimensional reticular architecture. Furthermore, the influence of Zn coating on surface morphology, pore feature, and filtration capability of Ti–40Al–10Nb–10Cr porous alloy was investigated. It is of note that the as-prepared microfiltration membrane exhibits an excellent Nano-pollutants filtration efficiency of greater than 99.989% from wastewater. Most importantly, such a three-dimensional reticular architecture provides excellent structural stability, allowing the reutilization of the microfiltration membrane for at least 200 filtration cycles of wastewater treatment.     

噪声下基于耳蜗基底膜分频特性的声源定位

在人与人交流中,人耳能很好地定位出周围声音的位置,而在声源定位技术里,基于传统麦克风声源定位在噪声环境下无法精确地定位出声源.根据人耳能准确地辨别出声源这一特性,提出一种在噪声下基于人耳耳蜗基底膜分频特性的声源定位方法.该方法是利用多个麦克风对声源信号进行采集,将采集到的信号通过基底膜滤波器进行滤波、除去与声源无关的噪声,运用空间映射互相关方法对声源进行定位.该方法所定位出的声源位置比传统声源定位技术所定位的位置误差小、精准度高.实验结果表明,噪声环境下基于耳蜗基底膜分频特性的声源定位比基于传统麦克风声源定位技术更接近声源的真实位置;噪声环境下基于耳蜗基底膜分频特性的声源定位具有更高的精度与更好的鲁棒性.     

含镍废水的隔膜电解法回收工艺研究

以含有一定浓度硼酸的含镍电镀废水作为阴极液,2％的NaOH水溶液为阳极液,阴离子交换膜为隔膜材料组成隔膜电解装置,对含镍电镀废水进行了回收工艺研究。考察了电解时间、电流密度、pH值、温度及硼酸浓度对镍回收率的影响。结果表明,延长反应时间、提高电解温度、增加硼酸浓度有利于提高回收率。在电流密度为300 A／m2,pH=4,温度为35℃,硼酸浓度为25 g／L的最佳工艺条件下电解6 h,镍的回收率高达96.64％,所得镍为松枝状结构电解镍,纯度为94.69％。     

空间薄膜结构展开分析模型研究综述

随着空间薄膜结构的快速发展,如何有效地实现空间薄膜结构的展开变得越来越重要,已成为航天工程所关注的关键技术问题之一.空间薄膜结构如果不能可靠展开,将会直接影响到与之相连的航天器的表面精度、信号发射等工作性能,对于航天器是否能完成预定的航天任务具有非常重要的意义.本文通过对国际上目前采用的常见空间薄膜结构的展开分析理论和实验模型进行综述,特别是对流—固耦合模型、弹簧—质点模型、控制体积模型和能量—动量模型等几种主要分析模型从理论依据、实践应用以及优缺点等方面进行了比较分析,提出了相应的修正建议,为进一步进行空间薄膜结构的展开分析具有重要的理论指导和实践借鉴意义.     

PEMFC电堆加速老化测试及性能恢复现象分析

对自制kW级的质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)电堆在车载工况下进行了加速老化测试(ADT).结合极化曲线、交流阻抗谱(EIS)及电压-时间曲线考察了PEMFC的性能变化.通过扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)对试验前后的膜电极进行非现场表征对比分析,解释PEMFC性能衰退的原因.结果表明:603h车载工况加速老化试验后,电堆最大功率下降21.6%,同时电堆在休整之后存在明显的性能恢复现象;常相位角元件值和法拉第阻抗值在电堆休整后减小,说明催化剂活性有所恢复,电堆内部水热环境在冷机启动后达到较理想状态.