棉花杂交种制种问题研究的进展

本文系作者结合自己的研究工作,搜集和阅读了国内、外有关文献,经过研究、归纳而成。文中扼要的论述了目前世界上对这一问题研究的现状及其发展.1、论述了杂种棉对大幅度提高产量和改进品质蕴藏着巨大的潜力。2、论述了当前在细胞质雄性不育系的研究和选育上,特别是对恢复系的研究中所取得的重大进展。3、作者结合自己的体会,绘制了不育系和恢复的转育图;并从棉花遗传的原理出发,提出了在转育过程中,应该考虑的事项。可以认为是作者今后的研究计划。同时就正于棉花遗传育种同行们。     

Development of SSR markers from ESTs of gramineous species and their chromosome location on wheat

A total of 407,663 expressed sequence tags （ESTs） of wheat, barley, maize, rice, and sorghum, obtained from GenBank/dbEST, were used to search for simple sequence repeats （SSRs）. A total of 10,253 EST-SSRs, which accounted for 2.52% of all the ESTs, were identified. Using Primer Premier 5.0, 1367 EST-SSR primer pairs were designed, of which 715 with high quality were synthesized. The 715 primer pairs were tested on wheat, rice, maize, cotton, and soybean under the same PCR conditions, and the effective primer pairs in the five crops were 500 （69.93%）, 383 （53.57%）, 452 （63.22%）, 357 （49.93%）, and 388 （56.27%）, respectively. This indicated a high transferability of EST-SSR markers between far-ranging species. In addition, 139 EST-SSR primer pairs with 240 loci were localized on all the 21 wheat chromosomes by using Chinese Spring nulli-tetrasomic lines of wheat.     

Cloning and characterization of two putative seven-transmembrane receptor genes from cotton

Using rapid amplification of cDNA ends （RACE）-PCR, two full-length cDNAs encoding putative seven-transmembrane receptors （designated Gh7TMpR1 and Gh7TMpR2） were cloned from cotton plants. Southern blot and an ApaL1 restriction site polymorphism analyses revealed that Gh7TMpR1 was derived from the ancestral A diploid genome, while Gh7TMpR2 was from the D subgenome. Northern blot hybridization indicated that both Gh7TMpR1 and Gh7TMpR2 were expressed preferentially in the elongation phase of fiber development. Majority of the Gh7TMpR1 proteins were located within the membrane structure and displayed a punctuate pattern of distribution. Overexpression of Gh7TMpR1 in fission yeast disrupted the polar growth and caused the formation of rounded cells. These results suggest that GhT7MpR1 may play a critical role in cotton fiber development, perhaps as a signaling receptor that is involved in controlling fiber elongation.     

Cellulose synthesis: mutational analysis and genomic perspectives using Arabidopsis thaliana

Cellulose microfibrils containing crystalline β-1,4-glucan provide the major structural framework in higher-plant cell walls. Genetic analyses of Arabidopsis thaliana now link specific genes to plant cellulose production just as was achieved some years earlier with bacteria. Cellulose-deficient mutants have defects in several members of one family within a complex glycosyltransferase superfamily and in one member of a small family of membrane-bound endo-1,4-β-glucanases. The mutants also accumulate a readily extractable β-1,4-glucan that has short chains which, in at least one case, are lipid linked. Cellulose could be made by direct extension of the glucan chain by the glycosyltransferase or, as the mutant suggests, by an indirect route which makes lipid-linked oligosaccharides. Models discussed incorporate the known enzymes and lipo-glucan and raise the possibility that different CesA glycosyltransferases may catalyse different steps. Received 5 January 2001; received after revision 25 April 2001; accepted 25 April 2001     

棉织物、亚麻织物氯漂效果的对比研究

通过测定棉织物、亚麻织物次氯酸钠漂白过程中pH值、温度对白度的影响,研究亚麻织物用次氯酸钠漂白的影响因素及规律性,探讨亚麻织物与棉织物次氯酸钠漂白机理的异同．     

黄原酯棉富集-GFAAS法测定痕量铟的研究

研究了黄原酯棉(CCX)富集痕量In(Ⅲ)的条件,并用GFAA S测定.结果表明,在pH=5.0时,黄原酯棉能定量富集痕量In(Ⅲ).其饱和吸附量为433μg/g.吸附的In(Ⅲ)可被10 mL 0.05 m o l/L的HNO3定量洗脱,本法用于水样、人工合成铝基和铅基样品中痕量In(Ⅲ)的富集和测定,回收率为97.4%~103.6%.     

Immobilization of cross-linked In-doped Mo(O,S)2 on cellulose nanofiber for effective organic-compound degradation under visible light illumination

Relatively small amounts of In-doped Mo(O,S)₂ (IMS) catalysts (10%, 20%, and 30%) were deposited on cellulose nanofiber (CNF) by cross-linking them with functional groups of siloxane and epoxy to form CNF-IMS hybrid composites. The as-prepared hybrid composites were characterized and tested their performances toward the photo degradations of cationic (MB and RhB) and anionic (MO) dyes. As indium was doped into Mo(O,S)₂ lattice to form solid-solution, the charge transfer and photocarrier separation during the catalytic reaction were simultaneously enhanced as probed with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and photoluminescence measurements, respectively. To ensure the catalyst on CNF was well deposited and recyclable, the hybrid composite was evaluated with a reusability experiment to show the stability performance in degrading organic dyes. It was found the environmentally friendly CNF-IMS hybrid composite was relatively stable during the reusability experiment, indicating no catalyst powder was leached out during the photocatalytic reaction. The photoreaction mechanism was convinced by radical-scavenging experiments to show that hydroxyl and superoxide played essential roles for the organic dye degradations in visible-light illuminated conditions. The cross-linked organic/inorganic hybrid catalyst showed a prospective visible light active material not only to solve the environmental issue due to the leaching of nanoparticles but also to lower the post-treatment/recycling cost of photocatalyst in industrial application.     

载体和保护剂对桔黄假单胞菌JD37 微生物肥料活性的影响

桔黄假单胞菌JD37是一株具有生防促生作用的植物根际促生菌,从载体和保护剂两方面研究JD37微生物肥料的制备.研究结果表明：滑石粉为载体对JD37菌体的吸附和保存能力均高于硅藻土,滑石粉菌剂中的活菌体释放率比硅藻土高2.74倍.保护剂的筛选实验表明羧甲基纤维素钠（CMC）是最适合的保护剂.选用以滑石粉为载体,0.1%CMC为保护剂制备的粉末状JD37菌剂,以水溶液形式施用于番茄植株,其释放的活菌体在番茄根际土壤的定殖能力稳定维持在106cfu/g土壤,并且能够显著促进番茄幼苗生长.本实验旨在为JD37微生物肥料的规模化生产提供理论依据.     

棉花锌素营养与施用技术的研究

1984—1989年,在江西三种主要植棉土壤上,采用盆栽和田间试验方法,研究了锌素对棉花生长发育、光合作用、氮代谢、产量和品质的影响,以及缺锌棉花的诊断方法和有效施用条件.