杂多酸盐在可见光照射下对染料的催化降解

将杂多酸(PW9Fe3)负载到阴离子交换树脂(Resin)上,得到PW9Fe3/Resin(PWFR)固相光催化剂,在可见光的照射下,可以有效地活化H2O2降解染料.以罗丹明B(Rhodamine B,RhB)为模型化合物,研究了不同条件下RhB 的降解动力学,以及降解过程中其UV-vis光谱及体系的总有机碳(Total Organic Carbon,TOC)变化情况,结果表明RhB的共轭芳环结构被破坏.催化剂的循环实验表明,PWFR 固相光催化剂易于分离,并且具有良好的稳定性,可以重复利用.     

Solid FeS lubricant:a possible alternative to MoS2 for Cu-Fe-based friction materials

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) is one of the most commonly used solid lubricants for Cu-Fe-based friction materials. Nevertheless, MoS₂ reacts with metal matrices to produce metal sulfides (e.g., FeS) and Mo during sintering, and the lubricity of the composite may be related to the generation of FeS. Herein, the use of FeS as an alternative to MoS₂ for producing Cu-Fe-based friction materials was investigated. According to the reaction principle of thermodynamics, two composites-one with MoS₂ (Fe-Cu-MoS₂ sample) and the other with FeS (FeS-Cu₂S-Cu-Fe-Mo sample), were prepared and their friction behaviors and mechanical properties were compared. The results showed that MoS₂ reacted with the Cu-Fe matrix to produce FeS, metallic ternary sulfides, and Mo when sintered at 1050℃. The MoS₂-Cu-Fe and FeS-Cu₂S-Cu-Fe-Mo samples thereby exhibited similar characteristics with respect to phase composition, density, hardness, and tribological behaviors. Micrographs of the worn surfaces revealed that the stable friction regime for both composites stemmed from the iron sulfides friction layers rather than from the molybdenum sulfides layers.     

Preparation of Cu-SiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> composite aerogel by ambient drying and the influence of synthesizing conditions on the structure of the aerogel

A copper-doped silica composite aerogel with high specific surface area was prepared using a sol-gel method at ambient pressure. A drying control chemical additive (DCCA) N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) was introduced to the composite sol of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and copper nitrate (Cu(NO3)2·3H2O) during the synthesizing process. The influence of the preparation conditions including Cu loading, catalyst concentration and heat treatment on the structure of copper-doped silica was investigated. The results showed that the obtained aerogel particles were uniformly distributed. The pore diameter was in a range of 2 to 15 nm. Heavier Cu loading benefited the formation of CuO crystalline, and reduced the specific surface area and pore diameter. When the catalyst concentration was high, the aggregation of Si-O network was reduced with the increase of it. The composite aerogel exhibited a good thermal stability after the heat treatment at high temperature.     

Ag_2O/FACs复合材料的制备及其光催化性能

以经过酸化刻蚀改性的粉煤灰漂珠(FACs)为催化剂载体制备Ag_2O/FACs复合材料。借助SEM、XRD、FTIR、BET等对相关样品的物相结构及微观形貌进行表征,并通过亚甲基蓝(MB)溶液的光降解实验评价了所制复合材料的光催化性能。结果表明,尽管FACs改性前后的结构及化学组成差别不大,但酸化刻蚀处理能有效提高FACs的吸附性能;Ag_2O/FACs复合材料在近红外光条件下对亚甲基蓝溶液的降解率可达97.5%,并具有较高的催化稳定性;Ag_2O光生空穴在降解反应中起到重要作用。     

Wear properties of NiAl based materials

The NiAl based materials including NiAl-TiC-Al2O3 composite,NiAl-Cr(Mo)-Hf-Ho eutectic alloy and NiAl-Cr(Mo)-CrxSy in situ composite were fabricated and their wear properties were tested at different temperatures.The results revealed that the NiAl-TiC-Al2O3 composite,NiAl-Cr(Mo)-Hf-Ho eutectic alloy and NiAl-Cr(Mo)-CrxSy in situ composite exhibited the excellent wear properties between 700℃ and 900℃.The microstructure observations exhibited that the self-lubricant films formed on the worn surfaces during the dry sliding test at high temperature,which decreased the wear rate and friction coefficient significantly.TEM observation on the self-lubricant film revealed that it was mainly comprised by ceramic amorphous and nanocrystalline.Compared with the NiAl-TiC-Al2O3 composite,the NiAl-Cr(Mo)-CrxSy in situ composite has lower friction coefficient at low temperature.Such phenomena may be ascribed to the addition of sulfide which contributes much to the formation of self-lubricant,and moreover the TiC addition increase the strength of NiAl based material and its wear resistance.     

聚乙二醇修饰的Fe3O4催化水合肼还原硝基苯

以聚乙二醇(PEG)为修饰剂,采用共沉淀法制备了磁性Fe_3O_4/PEG。用X-射线衍射仪(XRD)和傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)对Fe_3O_4/PEG进行表征。粒子中的Fe_3O_4为立方晶系,加入PEG6000和PEG20000能有效分散Fe_3O_4,避免颗粒团聚。考察了Fe_3O_4/PEG对水合肼还原硝基苯制备苯胺的催化活性,加入PEG6000和PEG20000作为分散剂制备的Fe_3O_4/PEG具有较高的活性和较好的重复性。1.23 g(10 mmol)硝基苯,0.1 g Fe_3O_4/PEG6000(或Fe_3O_4/PEG20000)催化剂,2.0 g水合肼在乙醇中回流反应1 h,苯胺收率接近100%,催化剂重复使用9次活性基本不变。     

无机-有机杂化材料催化合成乙酸异戊酯及动力学研究

以甘氨酸(Gly)和磷钨酸为原料合成的一系列无机有机杂化材料为催化剂,考察各因素对其催化合成乙酸异戊酯的影响,并利用响应面分析法优化乙酸异戊酯合成工艺。研究表明,[GlyH]_(1.0)-H_(2.0)PW_(12)O_(40)催化剂具有最高的催化酯化反应活性和重复使用性能。响应面分析法优化乙酸异戊酯合成的最佳条件为:醇酸摩尔数比为1.05∶1,催化剂用量为酸质量的4.5%,反应时间2.0h,带水剂量10mL,该条件下,乙酸异戊酯产率为98.5%,结果与模型预测值基本相符。优化条件下[GlyH]_(1.0)-H_(2.0)PW_(12)O_(40)催化酯化反应表观活化能为79.73kJ/mol。     

改性Al_2O_3催化材料制备及对亚甲基蓝微波降解性能研究

印染废水主要含有染料等难降解的有机物,由于其色度和有机物浓度高,对环境污染较大,因此在排放前需进行降解脱色处理。催化氧化法是处理高浓度难降解有机废水有效的方法,通过共沉淀法制取Cu-Al2O3催化剂,并运用非均相催化氧化法,以亚甲基蓝为目标降解物,在微波条件下评价Cu-Al2O3催化剂的催化性能。分别考察了催化剂用量、H2O2浓度、微波强度以及溶液pH值4个反应条件对降解效果的影响,用紫外分光光度计测定实验前后亚甲基蓝的吸光度,最后用脱出率表征降解指标。通过实验结果对比,并从节约药品考虑,优化出最佳实验条件为,催化剂用量0.2g;H2O2浓度为0.4%;微波功率为中低火（150W）;溶液pH〈7。     

A12Of＋Cf／ZL109混杂复合材料的常温拉伸强度及预测模型

采用挤压铸造法制备了A12O3f， Cf／ZL109短纤维混杂金属基复合材料，并对该混杂复合材料的常温拉伸强度性能进行了实验及理论分析、在综合考虑纤维长度变化规律、两种纤维在拉伸过程中各自的行为和机理，以及热应力诱发位错强化和纤维弥散硬化等因素对复合材料强度影响的基础上。对复合材料强度预测的混合律模型加以发展和修正，建立了A12O3f， Cf／ZL109短纤维混杂复合材料的常温强度预测模型．利用该模型得到的理论预测值与实验值吻合较好．     

Effects of metal binder on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript>-based micro-nanocomposite ceramic tool material

The Al₂O₃-(W,Ti)C composites with Ni and Mo additions varying from 0vol% to 12vol% were prepared via hot pressing sintering under 30 MPa. The microstructure was investigated via X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS). Mechanical properties such as flexural strength, fracture toughness, and Vickers hardness were also measured. Results show that the main phases Al₂O₃ and (W,Ti)C were detected by XRD. Compound MoNi also existed in sintered nanocomposites. The fracture modes of the nanocomposites were both intergranular and transgranular fractures. The plastic deformation of metal particles and crack bridging were the main toughening mechanisms. The maximum flexural strength and fracture toughness were obtained for 9vol% and 12vol% additions of Ni and Mo, respectively. The hardness of the composites reduced gradually with increasing content of metals Ni and Mo.     

Structural and electrical properties of ZnO films on freestanding thick diamond films

In this paper, ZnO films are deposited on freestanding thick diamond films （FTDF） by plasma-assisted metal organic chemical vapour deposition （MOCVD）. Diethyl zinc （DEZn）, O2 and N2O are applied as precursors and different substrate temperatures are used to achieve high quality ZnO films. The influence of substrate temperature on the properties of ZnO films is systematically investigated by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, Hall measurements and electron probe microanalysis （EPMA）. Experimental results demonstrate that ZnO films deposited at 600℃ and 73 Pa display a fine electrical quality and Zn/O atomic ratio plays an important role in the electrical property of ZnO films.     

纳米二氧化锡的改性及锡/碳复合微球的制备

采用硅烷偶联剂对纳米二氧化锡(SnO₂)进行表面接枝改性,增加其疏水性,改善SnO₂与有机物的相容性。以改性纳米SnO₂、间苯二酚(R)和甲醛(F)为原料,在碱性催化剂和表面活性剂作用下经溶胶-凝胶过程,制得球形SnO₂/间苯二酚/甲醛湿凝胶,经过超临界干燥和炭化处理得到锡/碳二元复合微球。采用扫描电镜（SEM）、透射电镜（TEM）、X-射线衍射（XRD）对锡/碳复合微球的形貌和结构进行了表怔,并测试其电化学性能。形貌分析显示平均粒径为40nm的金属锡颗粒均匀分散在炭气凝胶微球中,电化学测试表明锡/碳复合微球显示了较高的储锂容量和较好的循环性能。     

Preparation of Chitosan-TiO2 Composite and Application in the De-coloration of Reactive Dyes Wastewater

Chitosan-TiO2 composite has been prepared by the sol-gel process. Tetrabutyl titanate( TTB) was used as a precursor to obtain nano TiO2 sol,which was then added into acid solution of chitosan to form titania network in the matrix. SEM,TG,and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy( FTIR) were employed to characterize morphology and structure of the Chitosan-TiO2 composite. The resulting hybrid has potential applications for the adsorption and sonolytic-degradation of organic dyes in wastewater.The result shows that the de-coloring ratio reaches 97. 2% at the optimum conditions with the help of ultrasound.     

咪唑基阳离子-Strandberg型钼磷酸盐的合成及电催化活性探讨

利用常规和水热合成法得到2个咪唑基阳离子-Strandberg型钼磷酸盐的有机-无机杂化化合物,H8（H2biim）5[（HPO4）2Mo5O15]2.4H2O（1）和H4（Hbeim）5[（HPO4）2Mo5O15].4H2O（2）（H2biim=2,2′-联咪唑;Hbeim=苯并咪唑）.通过IR光谱、ICP、元素分析、CV和单晶X-射线衍射分析进行了表征,并研究了该杂化材料对H2O2还原的电催化活性.结果表明,化合物1和2在酸性条件下对H2O2具有电催化还原作用.分子间通过多阴离子单元与有机物基团间的静电作用、N—H…O和O—H…O氢键作用形成无限的三维网络结构.     

Electroless copper-phosphorus coatings with the addition of silicon carbide (SiC) particles

Cu-P-silicon carbide (SiC) composite coatings were deposited by means of electroless plating. The effects of pH values, temperature, and different concentrations of sodium hypophosphite (NaH₂PO₂·H₂O), nickel sulfate (NiSO₄·6H₂O), sodium citrate (C₆H₅Na₃O₇·2H₂O) and SiC on the deposition rate and coating compositions were evaluated, and the bath formulation for Cu-P-SiC composite coatings was optimised. The coating compositions were determined using energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The corresponding optimal operating parameters for depositing Cu-P-SiC are as follows: pH 9; temperature, 90℃; NaH₂PO₂·H₂O concentration, 125 g/L; NiSO₄·6H₂O concentration, 3.125 g/L; SiC concentration, 5 g/L; and C₆H₅Na₃O₇·2H₂O concentration, 50 g/L. The surface morphology of the coatings analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) shows that Cu particles are uniformly distributed. The hardness and wear resistance of Cu-P composite coatings are improved with the addition of SiC particles and increase with the increase of SiC content.     

Carbon-nitrogen/graphene composite as metal-free electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction

Sheet-like carbon-nitrogen (CNx)/graphene composites with a high content of nitrogen (x≤0.15) was prepared by the carbonization of polypyrrole (PPy)/reduced-graphene-oxide (rGO) composite at 600-800°C. We used rGO instead of graphene oxide (GO) sheets as a template and a substrate to immobilize PPy since the PPy/GO composite agglomerates easily because of the dehydration of excess oxygen-containing groups on the GO sheets during the drying process. The dried PPy/rGO intermediate and its derived CNx/graphene products retain their high dispersion and loose-powder features. The as-prepared CNx/graphene composites have a total nitrogen content of about 10 at% and their nitrogen state is mainly of pyridinic and graphitic type. CNx/graphene composites exhibit excellent performance for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in terms of electrocatalytic activity, stability and immunity towards methanol crossover and CO poisoning, suggesting their potential as metal-free electrocatalysts for the ORR.     

球磨法制备Bi12GeO20/WO3复合材料及可见光催化去除NO性能研究

采用简易球磨法制备了一系列Bi₁₂GeO₂₀/WO₃二元半导体复合材料,并对其物相、光学和电化学性质进行了分析。可见光光催化去除NO试验表明：随着WO₃负载量的逐渐增大,材料去除活性先增大后减小,这主要归结于合适的相组成以及异质结提高了界面载流子的分离效率。另外,WO₃的加入可有效抑制有毒中间产物NO₂的生成,从而促进硝酸根与亚硝酸根的生成。通过活性物种捕捉试验发现,超氧自由基和空穴在光催化反应中均起到了主要作用,羟基自由基起到了辅助作用。能带结构分析表明,复合材料的光催化机制遵从Ⅰ型过程。循环试验证明,材料具有较好的重复利用性和结构稳定性。     

HMCM-49负载高分散Mo基催化剂的制备及性能

采用氨水调节钼酸铵浸渍液的pH值,调变了钼物种在水溶液中的聚集状态,将常规浸渍液中体积较大的多聚钼阴离子(Mo7O246-或H2Mo7O244-)解离成较小的单聚钼阴离子(MoO42-)形式,使其能够有效地扩散进入分子筛的孔道中,从而制备出高分散的Mo/HMCM-49催化剂.该催化剂在甲烷脱氢芳构化反应中表现出了更好的催化性能,具有高的甲烷转化率和苯生成速率.     

负载型复合半导体光助催化二氧化碳和甲醇直接合成碳酸二甲酯

合成和表征了一种铜掺杂(Ni,Mo,O)负载于TiO2/SiO2(TSO)载体上的复合半导体材料,并用于由甲醇和直接光催化合成碳酸二甲酯(DMC).紫外可见光漫反射及测试结果表明:p-n型复合半导体催化剂可以增强对紫外光的吸收及扩展光响应范围,进而提高光催化性能.其中.w=1%Cu-(Ni,Mo,O)/TSO催化体系具有显著的反应活性和DMC选择性.     

4种常用铁基材料非均相芬顿降解四环素的研究

非均相芬顿法能够很好地应用于含抗生素废水的处理。为了筛选出成本低廉且能快速有效的非均相芬顿催化剂,本文对比了Fe0、Fe3O4、Fe2O3、-FeOOH四种常见非均相催化剂对四环素的去除效果。通过X-射线粉末衍射仪（XRD）、比表面积分析仪（BET）、激光粒度仪(LDI)分析了四种材料的理化特性。通过探究四种材料投加量、双氧水投加量、反应体系初始pH的影响选择最佳反应条件,通过对比研究四种材料非均相芬顿降解四环素的反应动力学,结果表明Fe0不仅催化降解效果最好(四环素的降解率为88.77%)、具有更宽的pH适用范围,而且价格低廉。最后,结合四种材料非均相芬顿降解四环素的TOC去除率以及重复利用效率对比分析,最终筛选出Fe0为非均相芬顿降解四环素的最佳催化剂。