Defining G protein-coupled receptor peptide ligand expressomes and signalomes in human and mouse islets

Introduction

Islets synthesise and secrete numerous peptides, some of which are known to be important regulators of islet function and glucose homeostasis. In this study, we quantified mRNAs encoding all peptide ligands of islet G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in isolated human and mouse islets and carried out in vitro islet hormone secretion studies to provide functional confirmation for the species-specific role of peptide YY (PYY) in mouse islets.

Materials and methods

GPCR peptide ligand mRNAs in human and mouse islets were quantified by quantitative real-time PCR relative to the reference genes ACTB, GAPDH, PPIA, TBP and TFRC. The pathways connecting GPCR peptide ligands with their receptors were identified by manual searches in the PubMed, IUPHAR and Ingenuity databases. Distribution of PYY protein in mouse and human islets was determined by immunohistochemistry. Insulin, glucagon and somatostatin secretion from islets was measured by radioimmunoassay.

Results

We have quantified GPCR peptide ligand mRNA expression in human and mouse islets and created specific signalomes mapping the pathways by which islet peptide ligands regulate human and mouse GPCR signalling. We also identified species-specific islet expression of several GPCR ligands. In particular, PYY mRNA levels were ~ 40,000-fold higher in mouse than human islets, suggesting a more important role of locally secreted Pyy in mouse islets. This was confirmed by IHC and functional experiments measuring insulin, glucagon and somatostatin secretion.

Discussion

The detailed human and mouse islet GPCR peptide ligand atlases will allow accurate translation of mouse islet functional studies for the identification of GPCR/peptide signalling pathways relevant for human physiology, which may lead to novel treatment modalities of diabetes and metabolic disease.

     

基于数据场联合PRI变换与聚类的雷达信号分选

基于脉冲描述字进行雷达信号分选时,传统聚类算法需要预先人工设定聚类中心和聚类数目。针对该问题,提出一种基于数据场理论联合脉冲重复间隔(pulse repetition interval,PRI)变换与聚类的雷达信号分选新方法。首先,依据数据场理论,基于势值大小实现干扰点剔除,而后利用PRI变换算法进行PRI估计,依据PRI估计值将归一化脉冲描述字数据预分类,进而以各类数据集中心间的欧氏距离小于辐射因子为准则进行类别合并,自动得到初始聚类中心和聚类数目,最后通过改进K-Means算法完成聚类分选。仿真实验表明:所提方法能够应对存在频率捷变,重频参差、抖动、参数交叠、局部脉冲丢失的复杂信号环境,分选正确率明显提升。     

Hierarchical Community Detection Based on Partial Matrix Convergence Using Random Walks

Random walks are a standard tool for modeling the spreading process in social and biological systems.But in the face of large-scale networks,to achieve convergence,iterative calculation of the transition matrix in random walk methods consumes a lot of time.In this paper,we propose a three-stage hierarchical community detection algorithm based on Partial Matrix Approximation Convergence(PMAC) using random walks.First,this algorithm identifies the initial core nodes in a network by classical measurement and then utilizes the error function of the partial transition matrix convergence of the core nodes to determine the number of random walks steps.As such,the PMAC of the core nodes replaces the final convergence of all the nodes in the whole matrix.Finally,based on the approximation convergence transition matrix,we cluster the communities around core nodes and use a closeness index to merge two communities.By recursively repeating the process,a dendrogram of the communities is eventually constructed.We validated the performance of the PMAC by comparing its results with those of two representative methods for three real-world networks with different scales.     

乡村振兴绩效评价:意义、维度与路径

2018年,中共中央、国务院印发《中国乡村振兴战略规划(2018-2022年)》,全面部署和布局乡村振兴战略.文章基于政府绩效评价的理念和方法,构建乡村振兴绩效评价指标体系,明确评价维度,为实现乡村振兴、城乡融合发展提供价值导向、度量体系和动力工具.该评价维度包涵资源投入、过程监管、目标实现情况和社会满意度四个方面.文章指出,相关单位以绩效评价推进乡村振兴时应注重顶层设计,强化部门协同,构建评价体系,引入第三方评价主体,凸显农民获得感.     

ICP-MS法测定黔产枳椇果梗、枳椇子中22种金属元素

建立微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法同时分析枳椇果梗、枳椇子中Be、Mg、Al、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Sr、Mo、Ag、Cd、Sn、Sb、Ba、Tl、Pb等22种元素的含量。样品经微波消解后,利用ICP-MS测定上述22种元素,通过标准曲线计算其含量。实验结果表明,22种元素在其线性范围内线性关系良好,r值0.995;检出限为0.0007～1.0713μg/L;重复性的相对标准偏差(RSD)3%;精密度的相对标准偏差(RSD)7%;回收率为81.14%～112.91%。该方法灵敏度高,重复性好,分析速度快,适用于枳椇果梗、枳椇子中22种元素的含量测定。     

中立型分数阶微分控制系统能控性

研究一类分数阶中立型微分控制系统的能控性问题,对系统状态方程的分析,利用拉普拉斯变换通过基本控制系统的基础解给出了控制系统通解的表达式,并且通过构造格拉姆矩阵,研究了控制系统能控性的充分必要条件;最后通过举出一个格拉姆矩阵的计算举例来进行验证。     

基于改进Faster R-CNN的农田残膜识别方法

为了实现农田残膜的精准捡拾,提高残膜回收机的回收率.将改进Faster R-CNN卷积神经网络运用到农田残膜的识别检测中,提出了一种农田残膜的识别方法.以11MS-1850残膜回收机工作后遗留在农田表面的残膜为研究对象,分别在晴天、阴天不同时间段采集图像共计1648幅.通过更改图像亮度、旋转等方式扩充数据集,最终得到4950幅残膜样本图像,按照7:2:1划分为训练集(3465幅)、验证集(990幅)、测试集(495幅);采用双阈值算法替代传统的单阈值算法,降低了阈值对模型性能的影响;通过对比试验,选取具有残差网络结构的ResNet50作为主干特征提取网络,准确率可达88.84％,召回率为87.70％,总体精度为88.27％;为了使检测模型对小目标更加灵敏,根据数据集中残膜尺寸大小,在原有锚点基础上增加322和642的尺度参数,准确率、召回率、总体精度分别提升了1.29％、0.67％、0.97％,单幅检测时间为284.13 ms,基本满足了识别残膜的要求.可为残膜回收机加装补收装置提供参考,为研制人工智能残膜回收机提供理论基础.     

Modeling eBay price using stochastic differential equations

Online auctions have become increasingly popular in recent years. There is a growing body of research on this topic, whereas modeling online auction price curves constitutes one of the most interesting problems. Most research treats price curves as deterministic functions, which ignores the random effects of external and internal factors. To account for the randomness, a more realistic model using stochastic differential equations is proposed in this paper. The online auction price is modeled by a stochastic differential equation in which the deterministic part is equivalent to the second‐order differential equation model proposed in Wang et al. (Journal of the American Statistical Association, 2008, 103, 1100–1118). The model also includes a component representing the measurement errors. Explicit expressions for the likelihood function are also obtained, from which statistical inference can be conducted. Forecast accuracy of the proposed model is compared with the ODE (ordinary differential equation) approach. Simulation results show that the proposed model performs better.     

激光冲击强化对Ti2AlNb合金微观组织及残余应力的影响

Ti2AlNb(O-Ti2AlNb)具有优异的力学性能,在航空发动机方面有远大应用前景.激光冲击强化(Laser Shock Peening,LSP)是一种先进的表面改性技术,能够在材料表面诱导产生高幅值、大深度的残余压应力,改善材料微观组织,提高材料抗疲劳、高温氧化等性能.本文采用激光冲击强化对Ti2AlNb合金进行表面改性,并研究其组织演变、残余应力以及高温环境对性能的影响.结果表明:激光冲击强化能够显著减小Ti2AlNb合金近表面的晶粒尺寸.显微硬度由冲击前的350 HV提升到395 HV;在冲击区域近表面产生了约-377 MPa的残余压应力;而在高温环境中,由激光冲击强化所诱导的材料近表面残余应力随时间逐渐释放,在600℃条件下,残余应力释放较为缓慢;而在720℃条件下,残余应力迅速释放.     

改进蚱蜢算法在电动汽车充换电站调度中的应用

电动汽车充换电站调度优化问题一般采用群智能优化算法求解，但现有算法存在陷入局部最优、早熟收敛等缺陷，因此提出一种改进的蚱蜢算法:采用边界反弹机制，提高算法效率;引入正余弦搜索机制，加强算法的全局搜索能力;采用Lévy飞行对粒子进行随机扰动，防止种群陷入局部最优;采用非线性收敛策略加快算法后期的收敛速度.实验结果表明，该算法在电动汽车充换电站调度优化问题上，性能优于原始蚱蜢算法以及其他现有群智能算法.