不同热解温度生物炭改良铅和镉污染土壤的研究

 为了探究热解温度对生物炭修复重金属污染土壤的影响,将300℃、500℃和700℃下制备的生物炭加入铅（Pb）和镉（Cd）污染土壤进行培养,检测重金属形态的变化。结果表明,加入生物炭培养60d后,Pb和Cd污染土壤pH值较对照上升0.35—0.86单位值,土壤中重金属的酸可提取态含量下降,残渣态含量上升,对目标重金属生物有效性降低的改良效果700℃>500℃>300℃;在生物炭添加量相同的情况下,复合污染土壤中Pb的残渣态含量比对应单一污染高50.60%—72.79%,而复合污染土壤中Cd的酸可提取态含量较对应单一污染高7.53%—12.99%;热解温度影响生物炭的表面特征和吸附重金属机制,进而影响生物炭改良土壤中目标重金属形态分布。     

Serum levels of perfluorinated compounds in the general population in Shenzhen, China

Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) have been detected in many environmental matrices, biota, and nonoccupationally exposed populations in China recently. However, little is known about the distribution and levels of various PFCs in the general population living in areas where there is PFC exposure. In the present study, the levels and prevalence of ten target PFCs were determined in 227 serum samples from a population of nonoccupationally exposed individuals in Shenzhen, China. Results indicated that human exposure to PFCs was prevalent in Shenzhen. Perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) was the dominant PFC contaminant in the serum samples, with a median concentration of 6.72 ng/mL, followed by perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) with a median concentration of 2.07 ng/mL. Other PFCs were detected at much lower concentrations, with median concentrations ranging from 0.02 to 0.87 ng/mL. Statistically, no significant (P>0.05) gender differences were observed for any of the PFCs. Significant (P<0.01) positive correlations were found between age and serum concentrations of the target PFCs, except for perfluorobutane sulfonate (R = 0.16, P = 0.01), perfluorohexanoic acid (R = 0.08, P = 0.22), and perfluoroheptanoic acid (R = 0.11, P = 0.10). Based on the one-compartment pharmacokinetic model, the total daily intakes of PFOA and PFOS for the general population in Shenzhen were calculated as 0.63 and 0.20 ng/kg body weight/day, respectively.     

救荒野豌豆对根竞争的响应及其识别机制

以救荒野豌豆为材料,研究其对邻体根的响应机制以及根之间的识别方式.结果表明:邻体根存在时,叶、茎、冠、根生物量,根冠比和花数量均没有变化,而繁殖生物量明显增加,表明根的生长与繁殖不存在权衡,也表明救荒野豌豆能够检测到邻体根的存在并做出响应;根之间的识别方式既有直接接触,也有间接的化感作用.     

中国经济发展与环境质量动态关系

运用向量误差修正模型,对中国人均GDP与污染物排放量之间关系进行先验性因果检验,并基于层次分析法测算了中国坏境污染综合指数.在此基础上,根据经济增长与环境质量的实际变动趋势,选用二次函数对人均GDP与环境污染综合指数之间的动态关系进行模拟.结果显示:无论从长期或短期来看,都存在着从人均GDP到各种污染物排放量的单向因果关系;中国环境污染综合指数随人均GDP的增加呈现上升趋势,环境质量随经济发展而逐步好转的现象尚未出现.从经济发展方式、环境政策等方面对导致上述结果的原因进行了解释.     

江汉平原北部明清时期的环境演变

通过对江汉平原北部蔡垱西剖面沉积物粒度、地球化学元素、孢粉等相关数据的综合分析,揭示了该地区约1250年以来环境演变历史。通过沉积物的野外观察、粒度数据分析及剖面所处地貌部位的综合分析认为,该剖面沉积物主要为汉江等周围水系洪水带来的泥沙泛滥至低洼平原区,并以近乎停滞的低缓流速沉积而成,所以沉积物以细粒的黏土质粉砂为主,...     

元胞自动机模型的尺度敏感性分析

以深圳市龙华镇为案例区,构建了土地利用/覆被变化的元胞自动机模型,从时间和空间两个方面定量研究了LUCC模型的尺度效应。通过改变模型输入数据的空间分辨率和模型模拟的时间长度,探讨了尺度对土地利用变化模型的影响。分别采用龙华镇1990年30,60,90,120,150,180,210和240 m空间分辨率的土地利用数据作...     

The determination of atmospheric phosphine in Ny-lesund

Phoshpine (PH3), a volatile and toxic gas, has been proved to commonly exist in the environment.The determination of gaseous phosphine and its emission fluxes in Ny-lesund is reported in this paper.Results showed that gaseous phosphine exist in Arctic atmosphere commonly and the concentration of phosphine ranged from 16.3-600.2 ng/m3, with the maximum concentration of phosphine in tundra areas and the minimum in surface air of ocean.The concentration of phosphine ranged from 65.79-1259 ng/m3 in colliery at...     

污染带随机扩散模型的应用—长江污染带预测

本文探讨了对流扩散基本微分方程与微观微粒群运动、宏观紊流随饥扩散理论的内在联系,给出了半经验、半理论的关系和修正值的论据;将长江污染带随机扩散模型与感潮河段传输机理以及互不相容事件的概率之和等概念结合起来,合理地解决了感潮河流中污染带浓度预测问题.实测数据验证了上述结论.     

土壤中镉的快速溶出

本文采用过氧化氢和硝酸溶液，沸水浴法，消化置于比色管中的土壤样品，该方法与常规处理方法相比，具有消化速度快，重现性好，溶出率高等特点．处理一批样品仅用２小时，样品回收率９４％以上，溶样的重现精度和再现精度均小于５．０％，样品溶出量与强酸消化法无显著性差异．     

五峰垃圾填埋场渗滤液污染特征及处理系统

系统分析了五峰垃圾填埋场渗滤液中ＣＯＤ，ＢＯＤ＿５的季节变化特征，并对该填埋场的污水处理系统进行了研究和评价。