桑白皮多糖提取工艺研究及抗氧化活性评价

研究桑白皮多糖提取工艺并评价其抗氧化活性,以期为其开发应用提供参考依据和理论支撑。采用超声辅助提取桑白皮多糖,设计正交试验对提取条件进行优化,用硫酸苯酚法测定总糖含量,3,5-二硝基水杨酸(DNS)比色法测定还原糖含量,两者之差表示多糖含量。采用1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)比色法、羟基自由基(·OH)清除法、超氧阴离子(·O -2)清除法研究其抗氧化活性。 桑白皮多糖的最佳提取条件为料液比1∶20,超声时间30 min,提取温度50 ℃,提取2次。桑白皮多糖对DPPH和·OH清除作用与质量浓     

几种天然植物色素清除自由基能力比较研究

采用荧光分光光度法,对红花黄色素等5种天然色素的羟自由基(·OH)清除能力和红花黄色素等四种天然色素的超氧阴离子自由基(O2-·)清除能力进行了比较研究.结果表明,不同浓度的色素溶液对·OH和O2-·均具有较好的清除作用.     

箭叶淫羊藿叶醇提物对自由基的清除作用

采用连苯三酚法产生氧自由基 (O～2 · ) ,采用水杨酸法产生羟自由基 (·OH) ,用分光光度法检测箭叶淫羊藿叶醇提物对O～2 ·和·OH的作用 .结果表明 ,箭叶淫羊藿叶醇提物有清除自由基的作用 .其对氧自由基的清除作用随浓度的增大而增强 ;对羟自由基的清除作用则受浓度的限制 ,浓度低于 0 .3mg·mL-1时 ,对羟自由基有显著的清除作用 ;超过这个浓度时 ,醇提物对羟自由基清除能力显著下降 ,浓度增加到 0 .5mg·mL-1时 ,醇提物对羟自由基不但没有清除作用 ,反而有促进作用     

白芨中性多糖抗氧化作用的实验研究

研究本实验室提取分离的白芨中性多糖体外清除氧自由基(ROS)的作用、对H2O2诱导的红细胞溶血的作用,以及对D-半乳糖衰老模型小鼠体内超氧物歧化酶(SOD)活性的影响.实验结果表明,白芨中性多糖体外能有效清除羟自由基(·OH),并呈量效关系;在NBT光化还原的反应体系中,未显示清除超氧阴离子(O2-.)的作用;低浓度抑制H2O2诱导的红细胞溶血;对D-半乳糖所致小鼠体重负增长和体内SOD活性下降有显著抑制作用.     

短序落葵薯根多糖提取工艺及其生物活性

通过正交试验研究短序落葵薯根多糖水提过程中提取温度、提取时间和料液比对多糖得率的影响,采用苯酚-硫酸法对多糖进行含量测定,选出较为理想的提取条件,即加20倍水,在100℃下浸提4h,得率15.72%.短序落葵薯根多糖能有效清除活性氧,对·OH,O2-,DPPH·的半清除率IC50分别为2.89,1.99和1.89mg/mL;对脂质过氧化的半抑制率为0.038mg/mL;在还原力的测定中,1mg/mL多糖在700nm下吸光值为0.696 7.     

葡萄籽原花青素提取物抗氧化作用研究

为研究葡萄籽原花青素提取物（grape procyanidins extract,GPE）抗氧化和对DNA氧化损伤的保护作用,我们采用七种生物化学发光体系,检测了GPE 对O₂^-、OH、H₂O_2、ONOO^-和全血嗜中性白细胞“呼吸爆发”产生的多种活性氧的清除作用,以及对OH引起的DNA氧化损伤的保护作用;采用Fe^2＋诱发脂蛋白多不饱和脂肪酸过氧化比色体系,检测了GPE对脂质过氧化分抑制作用。结果显示,GPE 能有效地清除O₂^-、OH、H₂O_2、ONOO^-和全血嗜中性白细胞“呼吸爆发”产生的多种活性氧而抑制体系 发光,并有效抑制脂质过氧化,半抑制浓度分别约为0.2ug/ml、90ug/ml、0.5ug/ml、10ug/ml、130ug/ml、70ug/ml;25ug/ml的GPE对DNA氧化损伤的抑制率誉为70％。提示GPE 能有效清除多种自由基,保护DNA免受·OH引起的氧化损伤,嗜良好的抗氧化剂。     

开口箭多糖含量测定及生物学活性研究

采用水提醇沉法提取开口箭多糖,三氯乙酸法除蛋白,蒽酮-硫酸法测定多糖含量。在体外抗氧化模拟条件下研究开口箭粗多糖对羟自由基(.OH)、过氧化氢(H2O2)和二苯代苦味酰肼基自由基(DPPH.)的清除作用,细胞培养板液体稀释法测定开口箭多糖的抑菌作用。研究结果表明:开口箭多糖含量为3.7%,粗多糖具有一定的清除.OH、H2O2和DPPH.能力,其中对H2O2具有较强的清除作用。与Vc为对照,开口箭多糖的抗氧化能力不同程度的弱于Vc。开口箭多糖对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希氏菌、枯草芽胞杆菌和白假丝酵母菌4种供试菌株均有较好的抑制作用,且粗多糖的抑菌杀菌作用强于去蛋白多糖。研究表明,开口箭多糖具有很好的抗氧化活性和较强的抑菌杀菌活性。     

女贞子多糖超声提取工艺及抗氧化性的研究

通过正交试验方法确定女贞子多糖超声提取优化条件,采用体外实验研究女贞子多糖对超氧阴离子（O2-）和羟自由基（·OH）的清除作用．结果表明,女贞子多糖超声提取效果显著,其最佳提取条件为：提取温度为60℃,超声时间为30min,料液比为1：40;女贞子多糖对羟自由基（·0H）和超氧阴离子（O2-）具有良好的清除作用,IC50分别为127．57μg·mL^-1和147．12μg·mL^-1．     

白阿魏菇菌丝体多糖(PNMP)体外抗氧化活性

用沸水提取白阿魏菇菌丝体多糖(PNMP),经DEAE-cellulose 32及Sephadex G-100柱层析得纯化多糖PNMP,用水杨酸法测PNMP对·OH的清除作用;用硫代巴比妥酸法测小鼠肝组织丙二醛;用分光光度法测小鼠红细胞溶血和肝线粒体肿胀;测PNMP对连苯三酚自氧化体系的抑制作用.结果表明PNMP能明显地清除·OH,抑制·OH所致的丙二醛增长,减少·OH所致红细胞溶血和线粒体的肿胀,并抑制连苯三酚自氧化,所以PNMP有抗氧化活性.     

马蹄金水溶性多糖的提取及生物活性研究

本实验对从马蹄金中提取的多糖进行分析,经KI—I2方法测得,粗多糖(DF)不含淀粉,苯酚一硫酸法测定多糖含量为25.17%,硫酸-咔唑法测半乳糖醛酸含量为29.67%.DF经H2O2脱色,Sevage法和酶法联合脱蛋白,得初步纯化的多糖DF1.气相色谱分析其单糖主要组成成分为葡萄糖(Glc).在体外设计产生羟自由基、超氧自由基2个体系,分别加入DF和DF1,结果表明马蹄金多糖对羟自由基和超氧自由基具有明显的清除效果,而且在实验模拟的浓度范围内与浓度成正相关.另外,DF1对上述两种自由基的清除效果比DF好.     

UV/H2O2作用下冰中苯酚的光转化及其与羟基自由基的关系

在UV和H₂O₂作用下考察pH值、 光强、 H₂O₂初始浓度和无机离子等对冰中苯酚光解的影响, 并利用二甲基亚砜（DMSO）捕获体系中生成的
羟基自由基（·OH）研究·OH对冰中苯酚光解的影响. 实验结果表明: H₂O₂可显著促进冰中产生·OH及苯酚光解; 改变光强、 pH值和H₂O₂的初始浓度, 苯酚的光解率随体系中·OH浓度的增加而增大; 加入NO^-₂和NO^-₃可抑制体系中产生·OH及苯酚光解; 加入SO^2-₄不影响体系中·OH的产生及苯酚光解; 加入CO^2-₃和HCO^-₃可抑制体系中产生·OH, 但对苯酚光解影响较小, 这是由于体系中产生了其他自由基所致.     

Investigation of the cross-reaction mechanism of C<Subscript>6</Subscript>H<Subscript>5</Subscript>F-HNO<Subscript>2</Subscript> aqueous solution irradiated at 355 nm by transient absorbance spectrum technique

The transient absorption spectrum technique was employed to investigate the cross-reaction mechanism of C6H5F-HNO2 aqueous solution irradiated at 355 nm. The characteristic and the kinetic parameters of transient species were also detected. Hydroxyl radical derived from the photolysis of HNO2 was added to monofluorobenzene with a second-order rate constant of （5.83±0.17）×10^9 L·mol^-1·s^-1 to form an adduct, C6H5F…OH, which was able to react with HNO2 as the main reaction pathway with a rate constant of （8.3±0.1）×10^7 L·mol^-1·s^-1. The C6F6…OH adduct can also be decayed by elimination of H2O to yield monofluorophenyl radical C6H4F-. By GC-MS technique, the final products were identified to be monofluorophenol, nitro-monofluorobenzene, nitro-monofluorophenol and para-fluorobiphenyl.     

Degradation of 2, 4-D acid using Mn2+ as catalyst under UV irradiation

In this paper, the oxidative degradation of 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) using Mn²⁺/H₂O₂ reagent under UV irradiation was studied. The results show that 2, 4-D was degraded more completely in Mn²⁺/H₂O₂ solution than traditional Fenton solutions. The effects of the concentration of Mn²⁺, H₂O₂ and pH were also investigated. And under the optimal condition of 1.48×10⁻⁴ mol/L, 8.99×10⁻⁵ mol/L and pH 3.38, the formation of ·OH was the most, both the decomposition rate of H₂O₂ and the degradation rate of 2, 4-D were the fastest. In addition, the photoreaction process was monitored using spin-trapping electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and the results indicated that the oxidative process was predominated mainly by the hydroxyl radical (·OH) gennerated in the system. Biography: HUANG Yingping (1964–), Professor, Ph. D., research direction: pollution ecology and water pollution control.     

山茱萸多糖PFCA Ⅲ抗氧化性能研究

研究了山茱萸多糖PFCAⅢ的抗氧化性能。利用烘箱法研究多糖对油脂的抗氧化活性，结果表明水提山茱萸多糖PFCAⅢ可有效抑制植物油氧化；利用Fenton反应检测多糖PFCAⅢ对羟基自由基(·OH)的清除作用，当清除率达50%时所需浓度为430mg/L；通过邻苯三酚自氧化反应检测PFCAⅢ对超氧阴离子自由基(O₂^-·)的清除能力 ,当PFCAⅢ的添加浓度为100mg/L时清除率为21.5%。     

Standard molar enthalpy of formation of morin studied by rotating-bomb combustion calorimetry

Flavonols are plant pigments that are ubiquitous in nature. Morin and other related plant flavonols have come into recent prominence because of their usefulness as anticancer, anti-tumor, anti-AIDS, and other important therapeutic activities of significant potency and low systemic toxicity. The heat of combustion of morin (molecular formula, C₁₅H₁₀O₇·H₂O) in oxygen was measured by a rotating-bomb type combustion calorimeter, the standard molar enthalpy of combustion of morin at T = 298.15 K was determined to be Δ_c H _m^⦵ (C₁₅H₁₀O₇·H₂O, s) = −(5 937.99 ± 2.99) kJ · mol⁻¹. The derived standard molar enthalpy of the formation of morin in solid powder state at T = 298.15 K, Δ_f H _m^⦵ (C₁₅H₁₀O₇·H₂O, s), was −(1 682.12 ± 3.58) kJ · mol⁻¹, which provide an accurate data of the stability of morin to the pharmacy and pharmacology. Biography: HOU Hanna(1956–), female, Visiting researcher, Associate professor of Hubei University of Education, research direction: thermochemistry.     

α-硫辛酸和二氢硫辛酸的抗氧化作用

采用多种化学发光体系和比色体系研究了氧化型硫辛酸——α-硫辛酸（α-lipoic acid, LA）和还原型硫辛酸——二氢硫辛酸（dihydrolipoic acid, DHLA）直接清除活性氧、抗脂质过氧化以及对&;#8226;OH引起的DNA氧化损伤的保护作用.实验发现，LA和DHLA能有效清除相应体系中的活性氧过氧化氢（H₂O₂）、羟自由基（&;#8226;OH）、过氧亚硝基阴离子（ONOO^-）和二苯代苦味肼基自由基（DPPH&;#8226; ），能显著抑制脂质过氧化，并对&;#8226;OH引起的DNA氧化损伤有良好的保护作用，而DHLA还可以有效清除超氧阴离子自由基（O&;#8226;₂^-）.这些结果提示，LA和DHLA都是良好的抗氧化剂，但相比之下DHLA的抗氧化能力要显著强于LA.本研究为LA和DHLA保健和药用价值的进一步开发，提供了自由基生物学方面的依据.     

Study on the reaction of carbon disulfide with hydroxyl radical in aqueous solution

Carbon disulfide is an important sulfur-containing compound in the environment, and its oxidation produces about 30% of the atmospheric COS[1]. In situ measure- ments show that CS2 is widespread in the sea surface wa- ters[2―4], and more recently, the continental water seems to be especially rich sources of CS2 due to industrial waste- water effluents. It is generally accepted that the ocean is an important source for atm. CS2, and Xie et al.[5] found that marine photochemical reaction of…     

Mechanism and kinetics for scavenging superoxide anion by progesterone

The chemical reaction of progesterone with superoxide anion O^.-₂ in 0.1 mol/L NaHCO₃ medium is studied by polarography. Differing from the indirect inhibition of O^.-₂ generation by synthesized glucocorticoids in mechanism, the function that progesterone scavenges O^.-₂ is ascribed to that O^.-₂ directly oxidizes the C == C double bond conjugated with the carbonyl moiety of progesterone molecule to a free radical, and then is reduced to H₂O₂. The result obtained in this work gives new evidence for biomedical research. The equation of rate constant of the oxidization reaction is deduced, and the apparent rate constant obtained is 308 L·mol^-1·s^-1.     

Kinetic studies of the decomposition reaction of adducts of dinuclear Fe(Ⅱ)/O2

Kinetic studies of the decomposition reaction of dinuclear Fe(Ⅱ) adducts [Fe₂(N-Et-HPTB){O₂P(OPh)₂}](Cl- O₄)₂ (1) and [Fe₂(N-Et-HPTB) {O₂P(Ph)₂}] (ClO₄)₂ (2) with O₂ have been carried out at low temperature using UV-vis spectra. The decomposition reaction of Fe(Ⅱ)/O₂ adducts was first-order in the experimental conditions, and the activation parameters were obtained. ?H^¹ = 85.62 kJ·mol^-1, ?S¹ = 19.43 J·mol^-1·K^-1 for compound (1) and ?H^¹ = 97.97 kJ·mol^-1, ?S^¹ = 55.68 J·mol^-1·K^-1 for compound (2). These results are similar to those of dioxygen adducts of other metals complexes and natural enzymes such as methane mono- oxygenase (MMOH).