井冈山交让木种群结构与分布格局研究

采用样地调查法,对井冈山交让木种群的结构和分布格局进行了研究.结果表明:井冈山交让木种群Ⅱ级个体数最多,占样地交让木个体数的27.04%,VII级和Ⅷ级个体数最少,各占样地交让木个体数的3.14%,种群结构为金字塔型,属于增长型种群;交让木种群生命期望值基本随径级增加呈递减趋势,I 级个体的死亡率为负值;交让木种群的存活曲线为近直线型,生长较为稳定;交让木种群的分布格局呈集群分布;交让木的种群特征与交让木本身的生物学、生态学特性及其所处的群落环境条件等有密切关系.     

海南濒危植物蕉木种群结构与动态特征

【目的】分析海南濒危植物蕉木的年龄结构和数量动态特征,探讨两种干扰程度下蕉木种群生存现状和动态变化趋势,揭示蕉木种群与环境之间的关系,探索蕉木种群濒临灭绝的原因,为维护和恢复蕉木种群提供依据。【方法】利用典型群落样方法对海南蕉木分布的9个典型样地进行群落学调查,详细记录各样地的海拔、坡度、坡向、林分郁闭度、植被群落等生境指标。同时,调查每个样地内和其他非典型群落分布点蕉木个体的树高、胸径等指标;在对蕉木典型群落组成和结构调查的基础上,将所有蕉木种群个体所在群落分为受人为干扰较强和较弱两种生境进行比较和分析;将蕉木胸径大小划分为7个径级,并以胸径代替龄级来反映种群结构;将龄级与胸径大小级对应,绘制蕉木种群的径级结构图;使用种群动态量化方法编制种群的静态生命表,分析其存活曲线、死亡率曲线等重要参数;运用时间序列模型模拟并推测蕉木种群的数量动态和发展趋势。【结果】①典型蕉木群落中乔木层和灌木层的物种多样性均较高;②两种干扰生境中的蕉木种群年龄结构有所差异,但幼龄和中龄植株总数量均占有一定优势,种群具有一定的恢复潜力;③两种干扰生境的蕉木幼苗数量均较少,Ⅱ龄级呈现衰退趋势,种群自我更新能力较差,对外界的干扰具有较高的敏感性;④种群生存呈Deevey-Ⅱ型存活曲线,曲线呈对角型,各龄级阶段具基本相同的死亡率;⑤人为干扰程度强的生境中蕉木种群存活能力比人为干扰程度弱的生境中低。【结论】人为活动导致的适宜生境地减少和种子自然萌发率低是蕉木种群濒危的主要原因。因此,应加强对蕉木种群及栖息地的保护,保护蕉木现有的成年个体;而对于蕉木植株分布较密集区域,在果实成熟季节应定期采收蕉木种子并加以一定的人工抚育促进种子萌发和幼苗的更新;可通过适当修剪老龄的蕉木个体促进其萌芽,提高开花结实率;对于干扰程度较强生境的蕉木种群应加强植物的保护宣教工作,降低人为干扰;而在干扰程度较弱生境,也应加强对中小径级蕉木个体的人工抚育,促进蕉木种群的自然更新和恢复。     

雾灵山自然保护区胡桃楸种群结构特征分析

胡桃楸群落是雾灵山自然保护区森林植被的典型类型之一,分布在海拔700~1 400 m的阳坡.根据雾灵山自然保护区胡桃楸种群不同龄级结构设置两个样地,通过对胡桃楸种群每木必测,采用种群径级结构代替年龄结构,不同的生境条件分析雾灵山自然保护区胡桃楸种群结构及动态变化特征.结果表明:(1)雾灵山自然保护区胡桃楸种群结构呈"金字塔"型,种群中幼树和中龄树所占比重大,表现为稳定型种群,种群个体数目基本随径级的增加而减少;(2)存活曲线接近Deevey-Ⅲ型,高径级种群趋于稳定,种群具两个死亡高峰,中龄树种群的死亡率高达80%,这是由于中龄树个体较多,在共同的生境条件下争夺生存空间和资源,群落树种互相竞争影响下,死亡率较高;(3)龄级分布与微地形的关系密切相关,坡度在30°~40°范围中胡桃楸种群龄级分布较广泛,海拔高度在800 m~1 000 m范围中胡桃楸种群各龄级分布广泛,幼树和中龄树数量多,而在其它海拔高度范围中受土地利用类型和生境条件的影响,分布的龄级数目少.     

鼎湖山针阔混交林木本植物种群的空间分布特征

通过对鼎湖山植物样带针阔混交林群落主要木本植物种群数量特征、垂直分布和水平分布格局进行分析,探讨了主要木本植物种群发展趋势和种群维持机制。结果表明:荷木(Schima superba)-马尾松(Pi-nus massoniana)群落中,除马尾松随机分布外,其他主要乔木和灌木种群基本呈聚集分布。荷木是稳定种群,在垂直空间分布较均匀;马尾松是衰退种群,垂直空间分布相对较均匀,在当年生幼苗和苗木层没有个体出现。灌木显示出与乔木不同的更新策略,与乔木相比,灌木有大量的当年生幼苗和幼苗库,其当年生幼苗数量是乔木的19倍。若以相邻龄级个体数量比表示生长阻力,则乔木幼苗进入幼树阶段所受到的生长阻力较大,灌木在任何龄级都受到了较大的生长阻力。同时,灌木层植物种群的空间资源利用相似性和竞争强度高于乔木层种群。从聚集度指标看,随着龄级增加,乔木层种群聚集度逐渐减少,灌木层聚集度逐渐增加。     

井冈山福建柏种群结构与分布格局的研究

采用样地调查法,对井冈山福建柏的种群结构和分布格局进行了研究。结果表明:井冈山福建柏种群Ⅰ级幼苗数最多,占样地内福建柏个体数的55.00%,III级中龄树和V级老龄树个体数最少,均占样地内福建柏个体数的6.67%,种群结构为金字塔型,属于增长型种群。福建柏种群生命期望值先随径级增加而增加,然后又随径级的增加而递减,Ⅲ级中龄树的死亡率为负值。福建柏种群的存活曲线为近直线型,生长较为稳定。福建柏种群的分布格局呈集群分布。福建柏的种群特征主要由福建柏本身的生物学特性、所处群落的环境条件和群落结构所决定。     

宝华山青冈种群年龄结构及点格局分析

【目的】江苏宝华山地处亚热带北缘,青冈为其森林群落的重要组成树种。对青冈种群动态进行研究,可了解该地区常绿落叶阔叶混交林的演替动态,同时为森林保护策略的制定和人工林的演替促进提供理论指导。【方法】在宝华山设置1 hm²的固定样地,对样地内 432 株青冈个体进行定位并每木检尺; 根据胸径大小将其划分为 10 个径级,采用径级结构代替年龄结构探讨了该物种的种群动态; 采用点格局方法(Ripley’s K-Function)对其空间分布规律进行分析。【结果】青冈种群径级结构呈类倒“J”形,自然更新良好,属增长型种群; 个体的最高和最低死亡率分别出现在第 5 和第 6 径级,存活曲线接近于 Deevey-Ⅱ 型; 随研究尺度增加,青冈种群呈现由集群分布、随机分布到均匀分布的变化,而不同年龄段个体的变化规律略有差异,幼树、小树、中树和大树随空间尺度加大,变化规律同种群一致,老树则多呈随机分布。【结论】青冈在北亚热带常绿落叶阔叶混交林中有较强的适应能力,种群可长时间维持稳定的状态。为促进宝华山乃至整个宁镇山脉人工林向更加自然稳定的方向发展,建议人工抚育时,适当补植青冈幼苗,促进林分更新。     

湖南炎陵县大院濒危植物资源冷杉种群结构研究

资源冷杉是极度濒危的我国特有植物,其中湖南省炎陵县大院资源冷杉种群是最大的种群.本研究对大院4个自然分布的资源冷杉种群大小进行统计,分析大小级结构,编制静态生命表,绘制存活曲线.结果表明,自然分布的高1m以上个体总数为477株.幼苗阶段死亡率很高.中牛石种群在大小级结构和种群规模上均处于衰退状态;香菇棚在大小级结构上较...     

深圳福田红树林保护区海桑种群结构的研究

探讨了深圳福田红树林保护区海桑种群的高度结构、胸径结构、冠幅结构和空间点格局,采用分异指数(TH和TC)量化了种群个体间高度和胸围的差异程度．结果表明,海桑种群个体高度集中分布在6～14m;50％～60％个体的TH值低于其平均值．海桑种群个体胸径集中分布在5～20cm或15～30cm;46％～62％个体的TC值低于其平均值．海桑种群冠幅结构受密度、个体对空间竞争等的影响较大,冠幅直径与种群密度呈现较高程度的负相关．海桑种群属于增长型,其存活曲线呈凸型．通过自然扩散形成的海桑种群趋于集群分布．海桑人工种群已经出现某种程度的自然更新和扩散,这将有利于增加海桑人工种群的结构复杂性和稳定性．     

人工林生产力和生物量的动态模拟

为了评价栽植方式对人工林生产力及其碳汇功能的影响,利用基于个体的空间明晰模型,模拟分析了不同栽植密度、植株空间分布格局和幼苗大小不整齐性影响下的生产力、累积生物量、现存生物量和碳储量动态及其种群的存活曲线特征.结果表明:密度、分布格局及幼苗大小不整齐性对人工林植株的生长和竞争有着显著的影响,从而导致人工林生产力、生物量...     

湖北木林子自然保护区大样地小叶青冈种群年龄结构及点格局分析

小叶青冈是我国亚热带常绿落叶阔叶混交林的主要优势树种之一,也是良好的用材树种和园林树种.本文采用胸径代替年龄和点格局分析(Ripley's K-Function)法对湖北木林子15 hm2大样地内小叶青冈种群的年龄结构和空间点格局进行了分析.结果显示:大样地内小叶青冈种群属增长型种群,其种群的存活曲线特征属DeeveyⅡ型,种群在幼树阶段死亡率较高,之后趋于稳定;种群整体及幼树、小树、中树和大树四个年龄段的个体在空间分布格局上随研究尺度的变化均呈集群分布,而老树年龄段的个体,其空间分布格局随研究尺度的增加由均匀分布向集群分布递变;在呈集群分布的尺度范围内,都存在随研究尺度的增加,聚集强度先减小后增大的规律.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.