前列腺素E1的化学-酶促合成

以γ-亚麻酸甲酯为起始原料,采用化学-酶促合成技术,经两条不同路线合成前列腺素E1,总收率分别为13%和16%.关键中间体及最终化合物的结构经元素分析、核磁共振氢谱及碳谱得到确认.合成中避免使用高温、高压反应,适合于工业化生产.     

3-甲基-1-（2-（1-哌啶基）苯基）丁胺的合成

分别以2-氯苯腈和2-氟苯甲醛为原料， 采用两种路线合成3-甲基-1-（2-（1-哌啶基）苯基）丁胺， 总收率分别为42%和31%. 关键中间体及最终化合物的结构经质谱、 核磁共振氢谱及碳谱得到确证.     

新型抗病毒药物法昔洛韦的合成

以氯乙酸乙酯为原料 ,采用 2 -氨基嘌呤位置有择烷基化反应合成新型抗病毒药物法昔洛韦 ,总收率 2 1 % .关键中间体及最终化合物的结构经元素分析、质谱、核磁共振氢谱及碳谱得到确证 .     

马来酸罗格列酮的合成

以 2 -溴吡啶为原料 ,采用两种不同的路线合成马来酸罗格列酮 ,总收率分别为 1 5%和1 7%.实验表明 ,经由 Meerwin芳基化反应的途径具有反应原料来源方便易得 ,而经由Knoevenagel缩合反应的途径具有合成路线较短等特点 .关键中间体及最终化合物的结构经元素分析、质谱、核磁共振氢谱及碳谱得到确证 .合成中避免使用高温、高压等条件 ,适合于工业化生产     

1,3-二(4-苯胺)金刚烷的合成

以1-金刚烷醇与乙酰苯胺为原料,在浓硫酸介质中室温下发生傅克烷基化反应,合成得到1,3-二(4-乙酰氨基苯基)金刚烷,然后将其水解合成了1,3-二(4-苯胺)金刚烷,合计收率为64%,产物结构经红外光谱、1H和13C核磁共振谱表征.该方法产率较高,大大方便了1,3-金刚烷二芳基衍生物的合成.     

唑来膦酸的工业合成

以咪唑为起始原料,和氯乙酸乙酯经N-烷基化、水解、成盐得2-(1-咪唑基)乙酸盐酸盐(4),4再与磷酸、三氯化磷反应,然后精制得唑来膦酸(1),总收率为30.4%.合成的目标化合1,其结构经核磁共振氢谱、红外光谱、质谱及元素分析确证.与文献相比,改进后的路线操作简便,易于工业化,制得的产品纯度高.     

抗帕金森新药雷莎吉兰盐酸盐合成的改进

以1-茚酮为原料,经缩合、还原、拆分、催化氢化得R-1-氨基茚,再与3-溴丙炔反应,经成盐合成雷莎吉兰盐酸盐.产物经熔点,质谱,核磁共振谱及旋光测定得以确定.     

外消旋瑞格列奈的合成

以 4-甲基水杨酸和 2 -氟苯甲醛为起始原料 ,采用 Ph3P催化缩合反应为关键步骤合成外消旋瑞格列奈 ,总收率 8.6 % .关键中间体及最终化合物的结构经元素分析、质谱、核磁共振氢谱及碳谱得到确证     

不对称合成新型的吲哚螺-2,3-二氢呋喃衍生物

在辛可宁的作用下,以靛红衍生物(N-甲基-3-羟基-2-吲哚酮)和氰基苯乙烯衍生物为原料,1,3,5-三甲苯为溶剂,合成了一系列的新型的手性吲哚螺-2,3-二氢化呋喃衍生物.该反应产率较高(90%~99%),选择性较好,而且操作简单、后处理方便.产物的结构经红外光谱、核磁共振谱(1H,13C)及高分辨质谱法表征.     

制备2,5-二苯基-1,3,4-噻二唑-2,5-二胺的新方法

以水合肼和异硫氰酸苯酯为原料,在乙醇介质中,用冰醋酸作催化剂,简单快速地合成了2,5-二苯基-1,3,4-噻二唑-2,5二胺.结果表明,最佳反应条件为:水合肼和异硫氰酸苯酯的摩尔比为1∶1.3,回流时间3 h,产率达61.02%.结构经傅里叶变换红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱和质谱得到确证.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.