植物篱技术对表层土壤水分的影响

通过研究黄花菜处理组(T1)及对照组(CK)间土壤的含水量,探求植物篱技术对表层土壤水分的影响.结果表明:各对照组之间土壤含水量差异不显著,而经过黄花菜植物篱技术处理之后的土壤含水量有所增加;各处理组的坡面在次降雨条件下产生细沟侵蚀的时间不同,发生细沟侵蚀的时间对照组要晚于黄花菜植物篱处理组.从坡上至坡下表层0～5cm土壤的临界含水量有逐渐增加的趋势.     

土壤特性的空间差异及其空间插值方法研究

对土壤养分的空间差异及其空间插值方法进行研究,获得田间土壤养分的连续空间分布,是精准农业技术体系中用GIS管理和分析土壤背景数据的一项基础性工作.本研究对一块面积为28533m2的旱地以30m×30m间隔采样,获36个有关土壤速效钾、速效磷和有机质含量的采样数据.用移动平均、趋势面拟合、点状克立格、逆距离加权等空间插值方法得到各种插值的连续空间分布,与同期用15m×15m采样间隔所得132个实际观察数据进行比较,结果表明几种插值方法并无显著差异,但其中以克立格和逆距离加权插值整体效果最好,尤以克立格指数模型最佳.     

四川片口自然保护区中华竹鼠对生境选择的初步研究

作者通过随机设置112个20m×20m的样方,采用Vanderloeg和Scaiva选择指数对四川片口自然保护区中华竹鼠生境选择进行了研究.结果表明,中华竹鼠喜欢选择东南坡、中坡位、坡度适中(25-45°)、上层乔木郁闭度大于50%的常绿落阔混交林或落叶阔叶林采食青川箭竹,对于基径较粗(大于10mm)、密度适中(20-40株/m2)、距水源较近且远离人为活动干扰的青川箭竹林更加青睐.     

甘南地区不同生境西藏沙棘根际土壤可培养硝化细菌多样性研究

为了解西藏沙棘根际土壤可培养硝化细菌的多样性,分析研究了甘南地区三个样地西藏沙棘根际土壤中的硝化细菌.结果共分离得到32株硝化细菌,分属于4个属.硝化细菌数量最多的是样地T5-1,为每克干土(5.69±0.81)×10~5 CFU;样地T5-2硝化细菌最少,为每克干土(0.43±0.06)×10~5 CFU;样地T5-3的硝化细菌数量介于样地T5-1和T5-2之间,为每克干土(4.29±0.42)×10~5 CFU.样地T5-1分离得到硝化细菌22株,分属于4个属,数量和种类最丰富;样地T5-2分离得到3株硝化细菌,分属于2个属;样地T5-3分离得到7株硝化细菌,分属于2个属.样地T5-1的西藏沙棘生长在海拔3 027m的阴坡上,其根际土壤硝化细菌数量和种群多样性最高.样地T5-2的西藏沙棘生长在海拔3 251m的半阴半阳坡上,其根际土壤硝化细菌数量和种群多样性最少.样地T5-3的西藏沙棘生长在海拔3 593m的高山草甸区,其根际土壤硝化细菌数量和种群多样性介于T5-1和T5-2之间.表明不同生境和海拔西藏沙棘根际土壤硝化细菌的数量和类群有一定的差异.     

火成因子对生态系统非生物因子的影响

选择均匀平坦草地作为样地,将其分成7个10m×10m的样区,定量测定羊草草地的每平方米枯落量,并测定土壤水分、pH值、电导率、N、P、K、Ca、Na、Mg含量,进行分析。实验结果表明,火期间增加了地表温度,而火后黑色的灰分又使很长时间地表温度高于对照地;火降低了地表的水分,增加了土壤表层的pH值与电导率,随着植物的生长利用,pH值逐渐降低,火烧降低了地表养分。     

除莠剂森草净防除薇甘菊的效果及其对植物多样性的影响

在广东内伶仃岛选择薇甘菊危害较严重的3种类型环境"坡地、低洼地、水泽地"设立15个样地,每个为10 m×10 m,各样地分别喷洒不同药量(0.0005～0.3 g/m2)的森草净,经过一年的持续观察,结果表明0.01～0.1 g(有效成分)/m2的森草净对样地薇甘菊有极好的杀灭效果;森草净对样地的草本植物有一定的影响,对藤本植物基本无影响,除几种含有乳汁的敏感植物外,对木本植物影响较小;森草净施药前后相比较,样地物种多样性恢复较好,整体上施药后物种多样性有明显增加.     

木麻黄防护林基干林带更新改造与降风效能分析

针对木麻黄基干老林带,分别采取不同采伐面积进行更新改造.结果表明三种不同面积(20m×20m、20m×30m、30m×30m)采用木麻黄惠安1号优良无性系、挖大穴、下客土拌磷肥、雨天造林等配套技术更新改造效果较佳.6年生时平均树高已达7.9m,超过木麻黄老林带平均5.8m的高度.但新林带受风害程度随采伐更新面积增大而加剧.试验还表明,木麻黄新林带20m×30m处理,明显比其它3种处理降低风速提高0.9%～2.5%.老林带更新不仅成功,而且都具有较好的降风效能,值得推广应用.     

湘西洛塔禁伐恢复林木本植物群落特征研究

对湘西洛塔喀斯特地貌植物群落20年恢复林进行样方调查,结果表明该植物群落的外貌由青榨槭、四照花、枫香、杜英、楠木等中小高位芽植物决定,其结构主要以灌木层为主,整个群落正处于一个向顶极状态发展的阶段.调查的数据还表明,在50　m×4　m样地内有木本植物96种,比自然恢复40年的阿堀村风水林物种多样性高.个体高度与径级结构以灌木层和幼苗占绝对数量,说明该群落的物种丰富,其木本植物的配置还未达到稳定状态,正向着顶极状态发展.     

不同雨强和坡度条件海涂盐土边坡侵蚀细沟发育过程

采用室内人工模拟降雨试验,在不同坡度(11.3°、21.8°、35.0°)和降雨强度(85 mm/h、110 mm/h、125 mm/h)条件下,模拟海涂盐土边坡细沟发育过程。坡面侵蚀细沟发育动态采用数码摄像进行监测,通过Image-Pro Plus(IPP)6图像分析软件对图像和数据进行整理。结果表明:(a)不同坡度和降雨强度条件下,径流产生后,很快在坡面形成细沟且细沟沟网密度变化较快;细沟数量、细沟深度、细沟平均宽度和细沟密度均随降雨时间延长而增大。(b)缓坡度条件下,土壤跌坑发育慢,细沟侵蚀率低;随着坡度增大,坡面跌坑形成后水流聚集迅速,水流侵蚀冲刷力强,细沟发育快。(c)细沟发育越深,坡面细沟数量也越多;坡面侵蚀率与细沟平均深度及水流雷诺数分别在p0.05和p0.01水平上呈显著的正线性相关关系。     

浙江天童受损常绿阔叶林实验生态学研究(Ⅰ): 生态恢复实验与长期定位研究

模拟了常绿阔叶林的4种不同受损程度(间伐大树、清理下木、清除地上植被以及植被和表土完全破坏),各设1个20 m×20 m的样地, 并与设置的1个对照样地比较, 研究其自然恢复过程中的群落动态和生境变化; 同时针对受损常绿阔叶林恢复缺乏种源的特点, 开展播种、植苗人工恢复试验. 三年来的追踪观测结果显示不同处理样地在群落物种组成、外貌及群落结构上均不相同, 呈现出不同的恢复动态.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to