白腐菌选择性降解秸秆木质纤维素研究

通过傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）分析和Van Soest法测定木质纤维索含量，研究了三株不同种属白腐菌BP2，CD1和AX3在50d培养期中降解玉米秸秆木质纤维素的能力及规律．试验结果表明：三株白腐菌对玉米秸秆木质纤维素的降解均具有一定的先后顺序和选择性，先降解半纤维素和木质素，再同时降解半纤维素、纤维素和木质素；从降解比例来看，白腐菌对半纤维素和木质索具有很好的降解优势和降解选择性，50d时相对于纤维素的缓慢降解（降解率13．3％～19．1％之间），三株菌对半纤维素（降解率32．1％～44．9％之间）和木质索（降解率33．9％～55．4％之间）降解更快，半纤维索的降解选择性可达0．41～0．49．     

白腐菌对秸秆中木质素生物降解的研究

研究了白腐菌及其产生的木质素降解酶系对秸秆的木质素生物降解方法，探讨了黄孢原毛平革菌和杂色云芝单一菌株生物降解及双菌株联合降解木质纤维素的规律，白腐菌双菌联合固态培养可使木质素降解率达到47．64％，脱木素选择性为4．74．采用模拟大规模白腐菌堆积培养（厚度30cm）的方法降解秸秆木质素，培养30d，木素降解率为32．54％，表明此方法是一种可行的大规模生物顸处理方法．     

白腐菌对焦化废水中吲哚的降解及其机理

选用白腐菌BP降解吲哚,研究了白腐菌在不同培养基中对两种浓度吲哚的降解过程和机理,以及吲哚的降解与白腐菌漆酶酶活、生物量、培养基pH值的关系.结果显示不同培养基中白腐菌可去除99%以上的吲哚;吲哚去除率与白腐菌漆酶活率具有较好的相关性,白腐菌漆酶活率达到最高时,可去除97%以上的吲哚;高浓度吲哚会抑制白腐菌的生长,同时也激发了白腐菌漆酶的产生,秸秆滤出液能促进白腐菌的生长和漆酶活力的增长;白腐菌BP最适pH值为6~7,pH值在5~8之间对吲哚都具有较强的降解能力;在HPLC谱图3~6 min之间出现的新物质可能有氧化吲哚和靛红.     

白腐菌降解氯代酚类化合物的特性研究

研究了Mn^2＋对白腐菌（Phanerochanete chrysosporium）产生的过氧化物酶（MnP和LiP）活力的影响及胞内外酶在氯代酚化合物降解过程中的作用。结果表明：Mn^2＋对MnP和LiP的活力有显著影响；白腐菌对相对分子质量低的有机化合物的降解主要在细胞内依靠胞内酶的作用进行，而胞外酶加快了降解速率；两种胞外酶MnP和LiP在降解过程中所起的作用不同，MnP起主要作用，LiP起次要作用。白腐茵对酚类化合物的基质亲和性较活性污泥低，适宜于高浓有机废水的预处理；白腐茵对毒性的忍受能力与活性污泥微生物相似，但处理方式和条件的改变可以提高其毒性忍受能力。     

白腐菌对小麦秸秆腐熟的增效作用

采用室内堆肥试验,考察白腐菌对小麦秸秆的腐熟作用.结果表明：添加白腐菌的各处理均明显好于对照处理.与自然发酵的CK1相比,腐熟时间由30天,缩短为14天.与加了腐熟剂的CK2比较,发酵时间提前2-4天.腐熟剂处理木质素降解率为21.1％,添加白腐菌的T3处理降解率可达64.5％,较单独腐熟剂的对照处理降解率高43.5％.且综合考察秸秆腐熟效果,初步确定白腐菌添加量为10ml/750g.     

真菌产生的短肽对天然纤维材料的降解作用

实验表明真菌产生的低分子量短肽对纯纤维素材料能起氧化降解作用.文中证实此类短肽对天然纤维材料也具有同样的降解作用.还观察到分属于白腐菌、褐腐菌和软腐菌等3大类34种共57株纤维分解真菌的胞外培养液都能够产生分子量低于5000且能形成羟基自由基的短肽.扫描电子显微镜和红外光谱检测表明,来自拟康氏木霉的短肽能破坏棉纤维氢键网络,解聚、分离出单根微纤维.它们和纤维素酶协同作用时可明显提高对秸秆、木材等天然纤维材料还原糖的产率.微热量法研究表明该类短肽对纤维素的作用是吸热反应.研究工作表明微生物对纤维素的降解是一受热力学控制的动力学过程,仅用糖苷键的水解作用不能全面阐明其降解作用机理.     

白腐菌降解造纸黑液中木质素的研究

研究了白腐菌对造纸黑液中木质素的降解及影响因素.发现白腐菌的降解作用发生在次级代谢阶段,影响白腐菌降解木质素的因素有木质素浓度、pH值、搅拌速度、碳源和氮源、Fe2+浓度等.     

造纸废液的白腐菌处理及特性研究

就具有较强木质素降解能力的白腐菌对造纸黑液的处理能力及特性进行初步研究。采用液体发酵对不同状况下的造纸废液进行处理，以白腐菌处理造纸废液过程中的生长状况，浊度，COD，可溶性糖等指标进行观察与测定，结果显示出不同种属的白腐菌对各种状态的造纸液处理程度不同，其中效果较好的2^#菌株在光解，非光解造纸废液上的COD去除率达到80％以上，处理后的水质清亮无色，说明木质纤维素分解菌－白腐菌具有处理造纸黑液的潜在能力。     

利用白腐菌处理印染废水的初步研究

在适宜的工艺条件下,白腐菌对染料有明显的脱色作用,针对白腐菌的特性和独特的降解机理,研究其对染料脱色降解的作用,说明白腐菌具有处理印染废水的潜在能力。     

秸秆过滤与白腐菌联合处理染料废水的初步研究

本文探讨了秸秆与白腐菌联合处理染料废水的可行性。木屑,棉子壳,稻草粉。三种秸秆基质过滤染料溶液均能吸附部分染料造成染料溶液的脱色,脱色作用以稻草粉效果最好,对三种染料溶液的脱色率均可达到95%以上。将白腐菌接入吸附有染料的秸秆,观察结果表明白腐菌能够在这些基质上生长,进行污染物的后续处理。表明秸秆过滤与白腐菌联合可作为染料废水的处理或预处理方法。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.