烧结铁矿中FeO含量对其在富氢高炉中还原行为的影响

Japan started the national project “COURSE 50” for CO₂ reduction in the 2000s. This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO₂ emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-based ironmaking by 30% by around 2030 and use it for practical applications by 2050. The idea is that instead of coke, hydrogen is used as the reducing agent, leading to lower fossil fuel consumption in the process. It has been reported that the reduction behavior of hematite, magnetite, calcium ferrite, and slag in the sinter is different, and it is also considerably influenced by the sinter morphology. This study aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of sinters in hydrogen enriched blast furnace with different mineral morphologies in CO–CO₂–H₂ mixed gas. As an experimental sample, two sinter samples with significantly different hematite and magnetite ratios were prepared to compare their reduction behaviors. The reduction of wustite to iron was carried out at 1000, 900, and 800°C in a CO–CO₂–H₂ atmosphere for the mineral morphology-controlled sinter, and the following findings were obtained. The reduction rate of smaller amount of FeO led to faster increase of the reduction rate curve at the initial stage of reduction. Macro-observations of reduced samples showed that the reaction proceeded from the outer periphery of the sample toward the inside, and a reaction interface was observed where reduced iron and wustite coexisted. Micro-observations revealed three layers, namely, wustite single phase in the center zone of the sample, iron single phase in the outer periphery zone of the sample, and iron oxide-derived wustite FeO and iron, or calcium ferrite-derived wustite 'FeO' and iron in the reaction interface zone. A two-interface unreacted core model was successfully applied for the kinetic analysis of the reduction reaction, and obtained temperature dependent expressions of the chemical reaction coefficients from each mineral phases.     

Mg和La对Ca–Ti 处理钢中夹杂物演变和组织的影响

The evolution of inclusions and the formation of acicular ferrite (AF) in Ca–Ti treated steel was systematically investigated after Mg and La addition. The inclusions in the molten steel were Ca–Al–O, Ca–Al–Mg–O, and La–Mg–Ca–Al–O after Ca, Mg, and La addition, respectively. The type of oxide inclusion in the final quenched samples was the same as that in the molten steel. However, unlike those in molten steel, the inclusions were Ca–Al–Ti–O + MnS, Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS, and La–Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS in Mg-free, Mg-containing, and La-containing samples, respectively. The inclusions distributed dispersedly in the La-containing sample. In addition, the average size of the inclusions in the La-containing sample was the smallest, while the number density of inclusions was the highest. The size of effective inclusions (nucleus of AF formation) was mainly in the range of 1–3 μm. In addition, the content of ferrite side plates (FSP) decreased, while the percentage of AF increased by 16.2% due to the increase in the number of effective inclusions in the La-containing sample in this study.     

摩擦焊接碳钢（EN24）和镍基高温合金（IN718）的显微组织和力学性能

Continuous-drive rotary friction welding was performed to join cylindrical specimens of carbon steel (EN24) and nickel-based superalloy (IN718), and the microstructures of three distinct weld zones—the weld interface (WI)/thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), the heat-affected zone (HAZ), and the base metal—were examined. The joint was observed to be free of defects but featured uneven flash formation. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis showed substantial changes in high-angle grain boundaries, low-angle grain boundaries, and twin boundaries in the TMAZ and HAZ. Moreover, significant refinement in grain size (2–5 μm) was observed at the WI/TMAZ with reference to the base metal. The possible causes of these are discussed. The microhardness profile across the welded joint shows variation in hardness. The changes in hardness are ascribed to grain refinement, phase transformation, and the dissolution of strengthening precipitates. The tensile test results reveal that a joint efficiency of 100% can be achieved using this method.     

汽车暴露面板带有表面条状缺陷的夹杂物分布特征分析:一种定量电解方法

The specific distribution characteristics of inclusions along with the sliver defect were analyzed in detail to explain the formation mechanism of the sliver defect on the automobile exposed panel surface. A quantitative electrolysis method was used to compare and evaluate the three-dimensional morphology, size, composition, quantity, and distribution of inclusions in the defect and non-defect zone of automobile exposed panel. The Al₂O₃ inclusions were observed to be aggregated or chain-like shape along with the sliver defect of about 3–10 μm. The aggregation sections of the Al₂O₃ inclusions are distributed discretely along the rolling direction, with a spacing of 3–7 mm, a length of 6–7 mm, and a width of about 3 mm. The inclusion area part is 0.04%–0.16% with an average value of 0.08%, the inclusion number density is 40 mm?2 and the inclusion average spacing is 25.13 μm. The inclusion spacing is approximately 40–160 μm, with an average value of 68.76 μm in chain-like inclusion parts. The average area fraction and number density of inclusions in the non-defect region were reduced to about 0.002% and 1–2 mm?2, respectively, with the inclusion spacing of 400 μm and the size of Al₂O₃ being 1–3 μm.     

在酸性溶液中加压氧化三价砷离子和二价铁离子

The co-oxidation of As(III) and Fe(II) in acidic solutions by pressured oxygen was studied under an oxygen pressure between 0.5 and 2.0 MPa at a temperature of 150°C. It was confirmed that without Fe(II) ions, As(III) ions in the solutions are virtually non-oxidizable by pressured oxygen even at a temperature as high as 200°C and an oxygen pressure up to 2.0 MPa. Fe(II) ions in the solutions did have a catalysis effect on the oxidation of As(III), possibly attributable to the production of such strong oxidants as hydroxyl free radicals (OH·) and Fe(IV) in the oxidation process of Fe(II). The effects of such factors as the initial molar ratio of Fe(II)/As(III), initial pH value of the solution, oxygen pressure, and the addition of radical scavengers on the oxidation efficiencies of As(III) and Fe(II) were studied. It was found that the oxidation of As(III) was limited in the co-oxidation process due to the accumulation of the As(III) oxidation product, As(V), in the solutions.     

人工闪锌矿氧压酸浸过程中Cu2+的催化机理研究

The potential autoclave was used to study the catalytic mechanism of Cu2+ during the oxygen pressure leaching process of artificial sphalerite. By studying the potential change of the system at different temperatures and the SEM–EDS difference of the leaching residues, it was found that in the temperature range of 363–423 K, the internal Cu2+ formed a CuS deposit on the surface of sphalerite, which hindered the leaching reaction, resulting in a zinc leaching rate of only 51.04%. When the temperature exceeds 463 K, the system potential increases steadily. The increase in temperature leads to the dissolution of the CuS, which is beneficial to the circulation catalysis of Cu2+. At this time, the leaching rate of Zn exceeds 95%. In addition, the leaching kinetics equations at 363–423 and 423–483 K were established. The activation energy of zinc leaching at 363–423 and 423–483 K is 38.66 and 36.25 kJ/mol, respectively, and the leaching process is controlled by surface chemical reactions.     

超声振动辅助钨极惰性气体焊接异种金属 316L 和 L415

Ultrasonic vibration assisted tungsten inert gas welding was applied to joining stainless steel 316L and low alloy high strength steel L415. The effect of ultrasonic vibration on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a dissimilar metal welded joint of 316L and L415 was systematically investigated. The microstructures of both heat affected zones of L415 and weld metal were substantially refined, and the clusters of δ ferrite in traditional tungsten inert gas (TIG) weld were changed to a dispersive distribution via the ultrasonic vibration. The ultrasonic vibration promoted the uniform distribution of elements and decreased the micro-segregation tendency in the weld. With the application of ultrasonic vibration, the average tensile strength and elongation of the joint was improved from 613 to 650 MPa and from 16.15% to 31.54%, respectively. The content of Σ3 grain boundaries around the fusion line zone is higher and the distribution is more uniform in the ultrasonic vibration assisted welded joint compared with the traditional one, indicating an excellent weld metal crack resistance.     

活化天然矿石选择性还原二氧化碳为无定形碳

Natural magnetite formed by the isomorphism substitutions of transition metals, including Fe, Ti, Co, etc., was activated by mechanical grinding followed by H₂ reduction. The temperature-programmed reduction of hydrogen (H₂-TPR) and temperature-programmed surface reaction of carbon dioxide (CO₂-TPSR) were carried out to investigate the processes of oxygen loss and CO₂ reduction. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the stability of spinel phases and oxygen-deficient degree significantly increased after natural magnetite was mechanically milled and reduced in H₂ atmosphere. Meanwhile, the activity and selectivity of CO₂ reduction into carbon were enhanced. The deposited carbon on the activated natural magnetite was confirmed as amorphous. The amount of carbon after CO₂ reduction at 300°C for 90 min over the activated natural magnetite was 2.87wt% higher than that over the natural magnetite.     

灵的生成与幻的起舞--《百年孤独》艺术论之一

马尔克思以"外祖母讲故事的方式"撰写<百年孤独>,这方式主要是思维认知方式而非一般所认为的结构言语方式,即作者重在借拟拉美土著有灵论者认识事物的方式讲述故事.为此,千姿百态的灵幻便成为小说的外在主体,它逼真而深刻地展示了拉美民族的精魂,且形成了一种奇美而超绝的艺术品格.     

计算岩体边坡安全系数的程序实现

岩体失稳是岩体边坡变形达到一定程度的结果,岩体边坡稳定性评价是岩体工程中经常碰到的问题．应用VC＋＋编译平台,利用VC＋＋的封装性、继承性、可操作性和编程界面可视化的优点,编制了利用圆弧法、平面滑动法、楔形体法、SARMA法计算岩体边坡安全系数的windows应用程序;同时编制了带有帮助文档的安装版,这对解决岩石边坡稳定计算问题和预测岩体滑坡具有良好的应用前景．     

论曹植的生命意识

曹植是三国时魏诗人。他的诗、赋、各体散文,不论数量质量,都堪称当时之冠。诗歌是曹植文学活动的主要领域,他在诗歌艺术上有很多创新发展,特别是在五言诗的创作上贡献尤大。     

浅析和谐社会构建中的大学生就业问题

大学生就业工作在构建和谐社会中处于十分重要的地位.社会转型时期大学生因就业未果,产生了一些不和谐因素.这与构建"和谐社会"的基本精神背道而驰,不容我们忽视.本文分析其产生原因,提出几点可观的建议.以就业的和谐促进和谐社会的构建.     

二次曲面的保型性探讨

本文通过研究过定点的二次曲面动弦中点的轨迹方程∑′和定点与二次曲面上动点之间定比分点的轨迹方程∑,″将十七种二次曲面的衍生轨迹∑′和∑″的保型性问题进行讨论,并得到关于二次曲面保型性的两个重要结论.     

手机“套餐”的筛选方法研究

本文应用物元及熵理论研究手机"套餐"的筛选方法,方法A从各因素并列的角度对手机"套餐"进行了探讨;方法B从因素间蕴含关系方面进行了探讨.二者皆根据 的大小,排出名次,名次在前的资费套餐优于名次落后者.     

基于模糊图像相关的MEMS动态测量技术

 在基于视觉的微机电系统(MEMS)谐振器动态参数测量中,由于模糊图像合成技术对摄像机采集速率要求不高,且能够得到较高的测量精度,因此在实际测量系统中具有广阔的应用前景。在研究模糊图像相关性的基础上,提出了一种基于模糊图像相关性的MEMS平面运动参数测量方法。该方法通过求取模糊图像一阶微分的自相关函数负峰的间距实现振幅的测量,算法在空域内进行,不受变换域分辨率限制,可以通过插值提高振幅测量精度。实验分析表明,图像中不同区域的相似纹理是产生干扰峰的主要原因,通过在振动方向对图像进行对比度增强,可以减小振动方向的纹理重复度。实验结果表明：该方法是可行的,能精确测量MEMS谐振器的动态参数,并且测量方法简单,只需采集一幅MEMS谐振器在振动稳定状态下的模糊图像即可进行测量,数据处理量小,有利于实现在线测量。     

意象图式理论视角下的诗歌意象翻译

中国古典诗歌意象独特,是诗歌鉴赏的重要概念.西方诗歌的审美倾向是以意象赏析为主,因而意象翻译成为中诗英译的重点和难点.意象图式是认知语言学中的重要概念之一,意象图式是为了把空间结构映射到概念结构而对感性经验进行的压缩性的再描写.诗歌翻译的要点和难点就在于用另一语言符号还原该意象图式的对等体.图式理论为诗歌翻译给出重要提示,即在诗歌翻译中,用符际翻译的视角探寻目的语诗歌意象的对等体,用图画还原意象,帮助译诗读者在获取原诗意象方面达到最大近似的等效.     

大连市旅游业的经济影响分析

作为中国东北著名的滨海旅游城市，大连在国内外游客心中享有很高的美誉度，旅游已经成为大连对外展示自己的一张名片；同时，旅游也得到了市政府和社会各界的普遍重视，旅游经济效应得到了大家的一致认同．在描述旅游业发展现状的基础上，着重分析了旅游业对大连市的经济影响，针对负面影响，提出了相应的对策与建议，希望能为大连市旅游业的可持续发展提供参考．     

基于磁盘动态镜像的技术实现

在网络系统中利用磁盘的静态镜像无法满足服务器系统数据及时更新的需求.提出了在Windows 2000 Server环境下,利用镜像功能对服务器的系统及其数据实现动态备份的方法,取得预期的效果.该方案投资少,易实现.