焊接速度对自适应双轴肩搅拌摩擦焊接Al–Mg合金接头微观组织和机械性能的影响

The butt welds of 4-mm thick 5A06 aluminum alloy plates were produced by adjustable-gap bobbin-tool friction stir travel with travel speeds of 200, 300, and 400 mm/min in this study. The microstructure was studied using optical microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). Tensile tests and microhardness measurements were performed to identify the effect of the travel speed on the joint mechanical properties. Sound joints were obtained at 200 mm/min while voids were present at different positions of the joints as the travel speed increased. The EBSD results show that the grain size, high angle grain boundaries, and density of geometrically necessary dislocations in different regions of the joint vary depending on the recovery and recrystallization behavior. Specific attention was given to the relationship between the local microstructure and mechanical properties. Microhardness measurements show that the average hardness of the stir zone (SZ) was greater than that of the base material, which was only affected slightly by the travel speed. The tensile strength of the joint decreased with increasing travel speed and the maximal strength efficiency reached 99%.     

基于EBSD数据，采用考虑各向异性效应的改进蒙特卡罗模型对冷轧超薄晶粒取向硅钢的再结晶过程进行了模拟

A Monte Carlo Potts model was developed to simulate the recrystallization process of a cold-rolled ultra-thin grain-oriented silicon steel. The orientation and image quality data from electron backscatter diffraction measurements were used as input information for simulation. Three types of nucleation mechanisms, namely, random nucleation, high-stored-energy site nucleation (HSEN), and high-angle boundary nucleation (HABN), were considered for simulation. In particular, the nucleation and growth behaviors of Goss-oriented ({011}<100>) grains were investigated. Results showed that Goss grains had a nucleation advantage in HSEN and HABN. The amount of Goss grains was the highest according to HABN, and it matched the experimental measurement. However, Goss grains lacked a size advantage across all mechanisms during the recrystallization process.     

电弧填丝增材制造高强度低合金钢的组织和力学性能

A high-building multi-directional pipe joint (HBMDPJ) was fabricated by wire and arc additive manufacturing using high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steel. The microstructure characteristics and transformation were observed and analyzed. The results show that the forming part includes four regions. The solidification zone solidifies as typical columnar crystals from a molten pool. The complete austenitizing zone forms from the solidification zone heated to a temperature greater than 1100°C, and the typical columnar crystals in this zone are difficult to observe. The partial austenitizing zone forms from the completely austenite zone heated between Ac1 (austenite transition temperature) and 1100°C, which is mainly equiaxed grains. After several thermal cycles, the partial austenitizing zone transforms to the tempering zone, which consistes of fully equiaxed grains. From the solidification zone to the tempering zone, the average grain size decreases from 75 to 20 μm. The mechanical properties of HBMDPJ satisfies the requirement for the intended application.     

烧结温度对纳米石墨烯增强ZA27基复合材料孔隙比和力学性能的影响

Nano graphene platelet (Gr) reinforced nano composites with a zinc–aluminum alloy (ZA27) matrix were produced by powder metallurgy at four different mass ratios (0.5wt%, 1.0wt%, 2.0wt% and 4.0wt%) and three different sintering temperatures (425, 450, and 475°C). In order to investigate the effect of sintering temperatures and nano graphene reinforcement materials on the composite structure, the microstructures of the composite samples were investigated and their densities were determined with a scanning electron microscope. Hardness, transverse rupture, and abrasion wear tests were performed to determine the mechanical properties. According to the test results, the porosity increased and the mechanical strength of the nano composites decreased as the amount of nano graphene reinforcement in ZA27 increased. However, when the composites produced in different reinforcement ratios were evaluated, the increase in sintering temperature increased the mechanical structure by positively affecting the composite structure.     

煤田火灾的形成机理及其探测和控制技术

Coalfield fires are considered a global crisis that contributes significantly to environmental destruction and loss of coal resources and poses a serious threat to human safety and health. In this paper, research related to the initiation, development, and evolution of coalfield fires is reviewed. The existing detection and control techniques of coalfield fires are also reviewed. Traditional firefighting is associated with waste of resources, potential risks of recrudescence, potential safety hazards, extensive and expensive engineering works, and power shortages. Recently, coalfield fires have been recognized as having significant potential for energy conservation and heat energy recovery. Thermoelectric power generation is regarded as a suitable technology for the utilization of heat from coalfield fires. The extraction of heat from coalfield fires can also control coalfield fires and prevent reignition leading to combustion. Technologies for absorbing heat from burning coal and overlying rocks are also analyzed. In addition, the control mode of “three-region linkage” is proposed to improve firefighting efficiency. Integrating heat energy recovery with firefighting is an innovative method to control coalfield fires.     

烧结铁矿中FeO含量对其在富氢高炉中还原行为的影响

Japan started the national project “COURSE 50” for CO₂ reduction in the 2000s. This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO₂ emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-based ironmaking by 30% by around 2030 and use it for practical applications by 2050. The idea is that instead of coke, hydrogen is used as the reducing agent, leading to lower fossil fuel consumption in the process. It has been reported that the reduction behavior of hematite, magnetite, calcium ferrite, and slag in the sinter is different, and it is also considerably influenced by the sinter morphology. This study aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of sinters in hydrogen enriched blast furnace with different mineral morphologies in CO–CO₂–H₂ mixed gas. As an experimental sample, two sinter samples with significantly different hematite and magnetite ratios were prepared to compare their reduction behaviors. The reduction of wustite to iron was carried out at 1000, 900, and 800°C in a CO–CO₂–H₂ atmosphere for the mineral morphology-controlled sinter, and the following findings were obtained. The reduction rate of smaller amount of FeO led to faster increase of the reduction rate curve at the initial stage of reduction. Macro-observations of reduced samples showed that the reaction proceeded from the outer periphery of the sample toward the inside, and a reaction interface was observed where reduced iron and wustite coexisted. Micro-observations revealed three layers, namely, wustite single phase in the center zone of the sample, iron single phase in the outer periphery zone of the sample, and iron oxide-derived wustite FeO and iron, or calcium ferrite-derived wustite 'FeO' and iron in the reaction interface zone. A two-interface unreacted core model was successfully applied for the kinetic analysis of the reduction reaction, and obtained temperature dependent expressions of the chemical reaction coefficients from each mineral phases.     

具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

氧化锌矿物浸出渣中铅、锶的提取及动力学分析

NH₄HCO₃ conversion followed by HCl leaching was performed and proven to be effective in extracting Pb and Sr from zinc extracted residual. The mechanism and operating conditions of NH₄HCO₃ conversion, including molar ratio of NH₄HCO₃ to zinc extracted residual, NH₄HCO₃ concentration, conversion temperature, conversion time, and stirring velocity, were discussed, and operating conditions were optimized by the orthogonal test. Experimental results indicate that NH₄HCO₃ conversion at temperatures ranging from 25 to 85°C follows the shrinking unreacted core model and is controlled by inner diffusion through the product layer. The extraction ratios of Pb and Sr under optimized conditions reached 85.15% and 87.08%, respectively. Moreover, the apparent activation energies of Pb and Sr were 13.85 and 13.67 kJ·mol?1, respectively.     

Mg和La对Ca–Ti 处理钢中夹杂物演变和组织的影响

The evolution of inclusions and the formation of acicular ferrite (AF) in Ca–Ti treated steel was systematically investigated after Mg and La addition. The inclusions in the molten steel were Ca–Al–O, Ca–Al–Mg–O, and La–Mg–Ca–Al–O after Ca, Mg, and La addition, respectively. The type of oxide inclusion in the final quenched samples was the same as that in the molten steel. However, unlike those in molten steel, the inclusions were Ca–Al–Ti–O + MnS, Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS, and La–Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS in Mg-free, Mg-containing, and La-containing samples, respectively. The inclusions distributed dispersedly in the La-containing sample. In addition, the average size of the inclusions in the La-containing sample was the smallest, while the number density of inclusions was the highest. The size of effective inclusions (nucleus of AF formation) was mainly in the range of 1–3 μm. In addition, the content of ferrite side plates (FSP) decreased, while the percentage of AF increased by 16.2% due to the increase in the number of effective inclusions in the La-containing sample in this study.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

浙江温州、镇海和福建九龙江沉积微型硅藻的初步研究

利用透射电镜研究了温州早、中全新世剖面,九龙江地区晚全新世中期剖面和镇海晚全新世剖面的微型硅藻(细胞大小为2～20μm)的组成和丰度.共计硅藻14属20种(包括变种).Cyclotellacaspia是九龙江地区晚全新世中期剖面中的优势种;温州中全新世剖面的优势种为Cyclotellastriata;温州早全新世剖面和镇海晚全新世剖面中Thalassionemanitzschioides是优势种.微型硅藻在几个剖面中所占的比例变化较大,以在九龙江地区晚全新世中期剖面所占的比例最高,可达77.4%,表明微型硅藻在沉积硅藻中占有重要的地位.     

魔芋在不同土壤环境条件的含硒量

通过分析从湖北恩施采集的野外魔芋样品和2种土壤加硒盆栽实验的魔芋样品的含硒量,研究魔芋在不同土壤环境中的含硒量、富硒特征及其影响因素.结果表明,随采样点不同,野外魔芋样品的含硒量不同,魔芋球茎和茎叶的最高含硒量为5.58和13.04μg g-1,并与土壤含硒量呈极显著的线性相关,茎叶含硒量高于球茎.盆栽实验条件下,魔芋含硒量与土壤施硒量呈极显著的线性相关,魔芋球茎和茎叶最高含硒量在潮土中为55.6和76.8μg g-1,在红壤中为14.5和21.4μg g-1,茎叶的含硒量显著高于球茎,潮土魔芋的含硒显著高于红壤.魔芋对土壤硒的生物富集系数均表现为茎叶高于球茎,潮土魔芋的生物富集系数高于红壤,土壤施硒的富集系数高于天然含硒土.总之,魔芋能吸收利用天然富硒土和施人到土壤中的硒,土壤类型和土壤硒水平是影响魔芋含硒的关键因素,土壤施硒的有效性高于天然含硒土,潮土施硒的有效性高于红壤.     

宋代招抚使始置时间与设置缘由考

中国古代招抚使始置于唐代广德二年(764)九月。宋代招抚使从广义上看始置于北宋开宝七年(974)十月;从狭义上看始置于南宋建炎元年(1127)六月,招抚使设置的缘由为招募人才以抵御金人,首任招抚使为张所。宋代共有28位招抚使副,其中北宋1位,南宋27位。宋代招抚使尽管具有先天不足、后天失调的缺陷,但在宋代仍发挥着十分重要的作用。     

论《病后杂谈》

鲁迅晚年创作的著名杂文《病后杂谈》,内容丰富,思想深刻,考据精确,抒情别致,联系广泛,转换自然,笔法灵活,笔致幽默。行文如行云流水,自然天成。是纵横捭阖、贯通古今的融记叙、抒情、考据、议论于一体的千古名篇,也是鲁迅晚年的代表作。该文于保持鲁迅杂文一贯的战斗性之外,一改早年那剑拔弩张、金刚怒目式的抨击、揭露和冷讽热嘲、嬉笑怒骂式的讽刺与挖苦,代之以轻松潇洒的幽默和亲切温馨的抒情。显示着鲁迅晚年杂文艺术风格的突变,也显示着鲁迅杂文创作确已达到炉火纯青、登峰造极的思想艺术境界。写于稍后的《病后杂谈之余》则是该文的续篇,或称姊妹篇,主题、风格也大致相同。     

文艺民俗学的困境及出路

以民俗学为背景的学者从借助民俗学破案释疑到建立独立的文艺民俗学学科,所走乃是一条自觉建构理论的路径,而从事现当代文学批评研究的学者走的却是一条批评实践的路径。文艺民俗学的理论建构如今遭遇瓶颈,文艺民俗学的批评实践与理论建构亦未形成良性互动。从文艺民俗学的意识形态、符号和学科属性等三个维度进行深入反思,或许有助于我们突破当前文艺民俗学理论建构的瓶颈;通过对作家文学的文艺民俗批评以盘活文艺民俗学理论谱系亦并非一种奢望。而走向文化批评才是丈艺民俗学成功突围学科困境的重要路径。     

山口红树林保护区英罗港表层沉积物重金属形态的分布特征

通过对广西山口红树林自然保护区英罗港红树林湿地表层沉积物粒度和重金属Zn、Cu、Pb、Cd的分析,探讨重金属在红树林表层沉积物中的存在形态和分布规律。本文发现英罗港红树林林内表层沉积物粉砂和黏土所占比例高于光滩,并且林内沉积物Zn、Cu、Pb、Cd含量均高于光滩。表层沉积物中粉砂和黏土所占比例与重金属含量呈显著正相关,符合重金属的粒度效应。英罗港表层沉积物Zn、Cu、Pb、Cd平均含量低于国内其他主要红树林生长区域,表明该地区表层沉积物重金属污染相对较小。英罗港红树林沉积物重金属主要存在形态为残渣态,表明该区域重金属元素生物有效性较小。红树林林内沉积物非残渣态可氧化态重金属所占比例较高,这与红树林沉积物富含有机质和硫化物有关。光滩沉积物可还原态所占比例较高,这可能是光滩沉积物的砂质较多,通气性好,呈现氧化性的结果。     

ELT in 2015 in China

本文推测了中国未来英语教学的状况。文章简要介绍了中国目前使用的英语教学法;在未来的十年中,英语的教和学可能产生的变化;探讨了学生可能产生的变化及他们学习英语原因的变化;英语语言及网络的发展可能对中国的英语教育产生的影响;以及英语教师们如何看待未来他们的工作。     

绵刺(Potaninia mongolica)生长发育过程中抗氧化酶系统的变化

不同年龄段绵刺(Potaninia mongolica)内抗氧化酶系统的变化有以下规律：SOD活性的变化是未劈裂植株大于正在劈裂植株大于已劈裂植株，在每个年龄段的绵刺体内，叶片中SOD活性明显高于地下部分POD活性的变化是正在劈裂植株大于未劈裂植株大于正在劈裂植株；CAT活性的变化趋势与POD活性的差异较大，且没有规律性；MDA在未劈裂植株体内积累量最大；绵刺体内抗氧化酶系统出现严重的失衡现象，但脂膜过氧化程度不高．     

抚顺市区及环城林带气挟菌分布的研究

本文研究了抚顺市区及环城林带不同环境位置大气微生物分布情况。实验结果显示：市区大气中细菌浓度明显高于环城林带地区；在环城林带地区，林带外大气中的细菌浓度也明显高于林带内。霉菌的分布规律基本与细菌相同。放线菌在市区与环城带地区分布的差别不大。环城林带地区空气清洁，而市区空气污染严重，尤其是繁忙的交通路口和繁华的商业区受气挟菌污染尤为严重。     

数字与数码

数字与数码在一般情况下常常不加区别而混用，本文从记数法角度对它们进行区分，对数字与数码的起源，记数的表达形态，进位基数的选择，进位的表示方式以及数字与数码的相互影响和发展趋势等方面作了阐述，指出区别数字与数码在数学史研究中的作用，并以中外有代表性的记数方法为例加以说明。