Fenton试剂法降解废水中的芳香类化合物

芳香化合物的Fenton氧化性能与其结构密切相关,芳环上取代基位置、数量和种类的不同会对其降解速率产生显著影响.单氯酚3种异构体降解速率大小依次为:3-氯酚>4-氯酚>2-氯酚;氯酚的反应活性随芳环上Cl取代基数目的增加而下降,2-氯酚、2,4-二氯酚和2,4,6-三氯酚的反应活性遵循下列顺序:2-氯酚>2,4-二氯酚>2,4,6-三氯酚;芳环上的取代基对芳香化合物的Fenton氧化性能有很大影响,苯胺、氯苯和硝基苯降解速率依次为:苯胺>氯苯>硝基苯.     

有机膨润土对氯代酚吸附性能的研究

将十六烷基三甲基溴化铵改性膨润土制得有机膨润土,井将它们用于三种氯代酚：2-氯酚、2,4-二氯酚、五氯酚的吸附处理。详细研究了吸附时间、介质的pH值、吸附剂用量对氯代酚去除率的影响。此外还用XRD考察了膨润土层间距的变化。结果表明：布势膨润土对三种氯代酚的吸附去除率与它们的辛酚一水分配系数（Kow）成正相关,去除率为：五氯酚〉2,4-二氯酚〉2--氯酚。     

Sol-gel法固定化漆酶处理氯酚类污染物

以2,4-二氯酚(2,4-DCP)和2,4,6-三氯酚(2,4,6-TCP)为代表,采用Sol-gel法固定化漆酶处理氯酚类污染物.结果表明:底物初始浓度为0.5 mmol/L,固定化漆酶投加量为7 g/L,反应3 h后DCP去除率可达95.3%,而反应2 h后TCP去除率可达99.6%.TCP和DCP去除过程可以用米氏方程描述,其米氏常数Km值分别为11.72和9.97 mmol/L,因此固定化漆酶对TCP的亲和力高于DCP,这导致了在反应时间、初始浓度、固定化酶投加量以及底物共存等因素变化后两者去除效果上的差异.连续48 h的运行数据和酶活损失表明固定化漆酶具有较好的反应稳定性.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定纺织品中9种酚类化合物

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(UHPLC-MS/MS)同时测定纺织品中2,4-二氯苯酚(2,4-DCP)、2,4,6-三氯苯酚(2,4,6-TriCP)、2,3,4,6-四氯苯酚(2,3,4,6-TeCP)、五氯苯酚(PCP)、辛基苯酚(OP)、壬基苯酚(NP)、邻苯基苯酚(OPP)、双酚A(BPA)、四溴双酚A(TBBPA)9种酚类化合物的方法.样品在密闭萃取瓶中于60℃用甲醇超声萃取1h后,待测酚类化合物用Zorbax XDB-C18色谱柱分离,电喷雾负离子模式(ESI-)电离、多重反应监测(MRM)模式测定,外标法定量.方法优化了超声萃取条件、色谱分离条件及质谱碎裂电压、碰撞能量等质谱测定条件.在优化实验条件下,方法相对标准偏差(RSD)为5.1%(PCP)~9.7%(2,3,4,6-TeCP)(n=7),对9种酚类化合物3个浓度水平的加标回收率在82%(2,3,4,6-TeCP)~120%(OP)之间,方法定量限(LOQs)在0.03mg/kg(PCP)~1.5mg/kg(TBBPA)之间,线性范围为0.05~10mg/L.该方法具有样品处理步骤简捷、分析速度快、选择性好、灵敏度高等特点,能同时完成纺织品中9种酚类化合物的定性与定量分析.     

2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸生产废水中氯酚的络合萃取处理

2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸是一种使用较为广泛的除草剂,其生产过程中的氯化工段产生大量的含氯酚废水.本文针对该类废水的特点,选择实验室自配的W-S络合萃取剂,通过优化工艺条件如废水初始pH、油水比、萃取剂比例等对废水进行处理,结果表明,W-S萃取剂对体系中的酚类物质具有优良的萃取效果,废水化学需氧量去除率可达71%.另外,选取2,4,6-三氯苯酚为研究对象,通过萃取平衡实验,探讨2,4,6-三氯苯酚的萃取平衡特性,以建立2,4,6-三氯苯酚络合萃取平衡模型,并确定萃取体系中的萃合物组成.     

2,4,6-三氯酚的UV/H2O2光化学降解

采用UV/H2O2工艺降解水中2,4,6-三氯酚(2,4,6-TCP),研究H2O2投加量、pH、阴离子、阳离子、叔丁醇和腐殖酸对降解效果的影响,并利用LC-HESI-MS-MS探讨UV/H2O2降解2,4,6-TCP的降解机理.研究结果表明:UV/H2O2降解2,4,6-TCP的过程符合拟一级反应动力学.随着H2O2投加量的增加,2,4,6-TCP的去除率和反应速率增加,当H2O2投加量为10 mmol/L时,反应速率常数K达到0.109 4 min-1.酸性条件更利于UV/H2O2降解2,4,6-TCP.水中各种离子的存在对2,4,6-TCP的光解速率有较大的影响,其中阴离子CO32-对反应均存在明显的抑制作用,阳离子Fe3+促进效果显著.2,4,6-TCP的UV/H2O2反应速率随叔丁醇浓度的增加而下降,腐殖酸在低浓度时促进反应进行,在高浓度时,2,4,6-TCP的降解受到抑制.水中2,4,6-三氯酚在UV/H2O2作用下主要发生脱氯反应,生成二氯邻二苯酚或二氯对二苯酚,未得到彻底矿化.     

五氯酚的生物电化学催化厌氧转化过程与机制

研究了电催化体系、厌氧微生物体系和厌氧微生物电化学催化体系(电生物体系)对五氯酚(PCP)的降解,研究发现电生物体系的降解效率较电催化体系提高85.2%,较微生物体系提高18.5%.电生物体系中PCP脱氯的途径为:PCP先间位脱氯主要生成2,3,4,6-TeCP和2,4,6-TCP,而后2,4,6-TCP脱氯主要生成2,4-DCP,再经对位脱氯生成邻氯酚和苯酚;苯酚在阳极附近多菌种协同作用下进一步氧化,从而减少苯酚的积累加快了PCP的还原转化.电生物体系通过微生物对电子的"长"距离传递和生物还原转化,形成了电化学与生物的交互反应过程,提高了PCP的降解效果.     

纳米Fe/Ni催化降解2,4-二氯酚的机理及过程中参数变化

采用液相还原法制备了纳米Fe/Ni双金属材料,分析了其催化降解2,4-二氯酚的机理、降解过程中Ni的作用及相关参数变化。结果表明,2,4-二氯酚被纳米Fe/Ni降解的主要途径是2,4-二氯酚直接被脱去2个氯原子生成苯酚,此外也可先脱去一个氯原子生成2-氯酚或4-氯酚,然后继续脱氯生成苯酚;纳米Ni可将纳米Fe腐蚀产生的氢气转化为活性氢原子,活性氢原子再对2,4-二氯酚进行脱氯降解。在反应初期,溶液氧化还原电位及溶解氧浓度快速降低,pH及溶解铁浓度急剧升高,随着反应的进行,上述各参数值趋于稳定。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定化妆品中2,4,6-三氯苯酚和五氯苯酚

本试验建立了化妆品(爽肤水和润肤乳)中禁用的含氯苯酚(2,4,6-三氯苯酚和五氯苯酚)的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定方法,采用Q1多离子监测模式。1.0g爽肤水和1.0g润肤乳样品经10mL正己烷超声辅助提取后,取正己烷层45℃氮吹至近干,甲醇定容,经液相色谱分离、质谱测定,外标法定量。2,4,6-三氯苯酚在添加水平200μg/kg和800μg/kg时,方法的回收率范围为81.6%-94.5%,五氯苯酚在添加水平50μg/kg和200μg/kg时回收率范围为65.3%-74.3%,相对标准偏差小于6%。爽肤水中2,4,6-三氯苯酚和五氯苯酚的检出限分别为20μg/kg和3μg/kg,定量限分别为50μg/kg和10μg/kg;润肤乳中2,4,6-三氯苯酚和五氯苯酚的检出限分别为30μg/kg和5μg/kg,定量限分别为100μg/kg和20μg/kg。该方法可用于爽肤水和润肤乳中2,4,6-三氯苯酚和五氯苯酚的快速筛查和定量分析。     

电化学法检测氯酚类化合物对V79细胞的HGPRT基因突变

研究电化学法检测氯酚类化合物对V79细胞的HGPRT基因突变特征.采用循环伏安法检测2,4,6-三氯酚(TCP)和2,4-二氯酚(DCP)致V79细胞基因突变的电化学信号变化.以TCP和DCP对V79细胞致突后,自表达第三天开始,两个电化学信号峰明显高于溶剂对照组,表达第五天达到最高点,出现与阳性对照组甲磺酸乙酯相同的趋势.TCP和DCP致突后,在同样浓度下,完全突变细胞TCP电化学信号峰大于DCP电化学信号峰,常规检测结果具有一致性.电化学两个信号峰均可反映TCP和DCP致V79细胞基因突变的变化特征,可以发展成为一种有效的基因突变检测新方法.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…