船用起重机吊重防摆控制研究进展

梳理了船用起重机机械式防摆装置和电子式防摆装置的研究进展,总结主流设备制造商采用的防摆技术.在此基础上,分析当前船用起重机防摆控制亟待解决的问题,进而提出该领域未来的发展趋势,包括装置结构不断优化、通过综合多种控制方法对船舶多自由度运动进行补偿以及实现智能化控制,以期为相关研发提供参考.     

船舶纵摇-升沉运动系统的解耦

针对船舶纵摇-升沉运动二阶系统的解耦问题,给出二阶系统可对角化的充分必要条件及相应的证明,提出了一种基于同谱构造的船舶纵摇-升沉运动系统的解耦方法.利用解耦前后系统必须同谱的特性,构造了解耦系统的3个参数.通过数值实验实现了一个对称的二阶系统的同谱解耦,结果表明：该解耦方法简便易行,解耦前后系统完全同谱,能够保证运动系...     

基于模型预测控制的桥式起重机防摇设计

针对桥式起重机工作过程中吊重摇摆的问题,基于预测控制策略提出了一种电子防摇设计方法.首先对桥式起重机进行动力学分析,利用Lagrange方程,建立了面向控制的数学模型.其次,根据对象的历史信息和未来输入预测其将来输出,结合预测误差补偿,通过性能函数的优化得到其控制律.最后,仿真结果表明,所设计的防摇系统能实现小车快速定位和吊重摆角的有效抑制.与最优防摇控制相比,系统超调量和摆角幅度均大大减小,显示了该防摇方法的优越性;加入参数摄动和测量噪声,防摇系统仍能很好地达到控制目标,说明了该防摇方法具有较好的鲁棒性.     

波浪运动补偿平台的自适应预报控制模型研究

具有广义升沉运动补偿功能的波浪运动补偿平台可以减少船舶运动对海上作业和设备的影响.该平台系统的液压机构具有非线性和大惯性的特点.为了有效地进行广义升沉运动补偿,本文采用基于等维新息的自适应自回归多步预报算法和非线性PID控制器相结合的控制策略对波浪运动补偿平台液压机构进行控制.益参数随误差变化的非线性PID控制器具有较好的适应性、抗干扰性和鲁棒性,适合波浪运动补偿平台液压机构的控制特点,可以提高控制效果.结合实验获得的船舶甲板控制点的广义升沉位移数据,仿真试验结果表明:采用上述的自适应预报控制策略对波浪运动补偿平台液压机构进行控制能有效地减少平台的广义升沉运动幅值.     

海洋钻井天车升沉补偿系统不同摇摆装置性能分析

天车升沉补偿系统广泛应用于浮式海洋钻井平台,不同的摇摆装置设计方案对摇摆臂受力变化、钢丝绳运动规律及升沉补偿效果均有重要影响。针对3套典型的天车升沉补偿系统摇摆装置方案建立数学模型并进行数值计算,基于线性加权和法建立各影响因素的权重表和综合评价标准,并对3套方案进行评价。结果表明,钢丝绳内绕式方案Ⅰ和方案Ⅱ中摇摆臂须承受变化幅度较大的交变载荷,易疲劳受损;且钢丝绳直弯交变长度较大,窜绳现象明显,给系统控制精度带来较大影响;钢丝绳外绕式方案Ⅲ具有摇摆臂受力平稳、钢丝绳直弯交变长度小、无窜绳现象等特点;基于线性加权和法评定方案Ⅲ为优秀,方案Ⅱ为良好,方案Ⅰ为中等。     

深海起重机被动式升沉补偿建模方法研究

为了研究被动式升沉补偿系统的工作原理及其建模方法,通过引入介质分离器活塞的动力学方程,并考虑由于滑轮惯性所导致的钢缆张力松弛影响,建立了一种改进型的被动式升沉补偿系统的数学模型.针对起重机的海底吊装作业过程,建立几种不同建模方法的仿真模型,然后进行动力学分析.分析结果表明:该方法仿真出的补偿效率约为60%,其数学模型能够真实地反映系统的工作机理,可以作为起重机被动式补偿系统的一种建模新方法,并且钢缆的张力松弛对仿真结果有3%~4%的影响;指出了被动式补偿效率不高的原因,并给出了相应的改良措施.     

基于能量耦合的船舶起重机消摆控制

为了解决船舶起重机在外部海浪干扰下负载摆动幅度大、小车定位精度不高、抗干扰能力差的问题,通过非线性能量耦合方法,应用欧拉-拉格朗日方程对带有船舶横摇以及船低沉降的船舶起重机进行动力学建模,然后构造了一种复合型误差信号来增强小车运动特性以及船舶载荷摆动的耦合关系并将动力学模型转化.在此基础上设计控制器,并进行了基于李雅普诺夫(Lyapunov)方法的稳定性证明和仿真模拟实验.验证了该方法在复杂情况下的可行性,实现船舶起重器系统在平衡点的渐进稳定性.可见所提的控制方法具有良好的控制性能、适应性和鲁棒性.对于运输过程中摆角抑制、系统定位和效率提高具有良好的效果.     

水翼双体船升沉/纵摇鲁棒控制与视景仿真研究

针对高航速下水翼双体船升沉、纵摇运动问题,提出水翼上附加可控式襟翼结构,建立了水翼双体船运动控制系统数学模型,采用鲁棒H_2/H_∞控制的方法来控制前后襟翼角转动,使其提供相应的扶正力和力矩,减小船体升沉、纵摇运动;同时结合MultiGen Creator、Vega和VC++6.0软件开发平台,设计实现了水翼双体船升沉/纵摇运动控制视景仿真系统,给出了在VC++中构建的运动控制数学模型算法模块,以及串口通信技术来实现实时的物理通信。仿真结果表明,所提控制方法可有效减小水翼双体船的升沉、纵摇运动,提高了水翼双体船的适航性,同时搭建的视景仿真系统更形象直观地展现了运动控制过程,具有交互性高、实时性好的优点。     

船用捷联惯性导航系统初始对准的最优化设计

研究了对船用捷联惯性导航系统的初始对准问题，在船舶晃动的情况下，可采用鲁棒状态估计器对失准角进行估计，并利用状态估值对系统的误差进行补偿，仿真结果证明了新型滤波器对于克服船舶晃动干扰具有良好效果。     

小型船舶的横摇减摇

评述了船舶尺度对较小型船舶的横摇响应的影响，以及在较小的波高和波长的海浪中对于小的横摇自然周期的船舶的升沉和横摇共振的影响。并且对各类小船的减摇装置的选择方法作了评论。另外，还提供 带有和不肯减摇装置的船模水池试验结果和实船航行试验结果。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.