P16基因在小鼠胚胎发育过程中的表达

以E9 d龄至E14 d龄昆明种正常小鼠胚胎为材料，利用质粒扩增的、地高辛标记的基因探针在组织切片上进行DNA-mRNA分子原位杂交，研究了p16基因在小鼠胚胎发育过程中的表达.结果表明：p16基因不参与E9和E10 d胚胎发育中的器官原基形成，参与器官的进一步分化成熟过程，这些器官主要有眼、脑、心、肺、脊柱和面颌骨，肝组织的发育与其无关；不同的器官有不同的细胞周期调控机制.     

p21基因在小鼠胚胎发育过程中的表达

以E9日龄至E14日龄昆明种正常小鼠胚胎为材料,利用质粒扩增的、地高辛标记的基因探针在组织切片上进行DNA-mRNA分子原位杂交,研究了p21基因在小鼠胚胎发育过程中的表达.结果表明:p21基因从E10日开始参与小鼠胚胎发育,其表达特异性随着胚胎发育进程逐渐增强,与它在细胞周期中的负调控作用相一致.p21基因表达强度较稳定,与其mRNA稳定有关.     

5种细胞周期调控基因在小鼠生殖细胞发育过程中的表达研究

 以成熟(10周龄以上)的昆明种正常小鼠的精巢和卵巢为材料,利用地高辛标记的基因探针进行组织切片上的DNA-mRNA分子原位杂交,研究了PCNA,cdc2,cyclin D1,p2 1和 p16 5种细胞周期调控基因在生殖细胞发育过程中的表达.结果表明:PCNA基因在睾丸组织的精原细胞和精母细胞中有强杂交信号,而在雌性生殖细胞及滤泡细胞的发育过程都没有杂交信号;cyclin D1,cdc2,p2 1,p16基因在生殖细胞的发育过程中都没有,表明这些基因并没有参与小鼠生殖细胞的生长和分化调控.这些事实表明在生殖细胞发育过程中,控制细胞增殖和增殖抑制的基因与培养细胞有不同的机制,它们可能采用了不同的调控系统.     

血管内皮细胞凋亡过程中几种癌基因表达的研究

为了研究细胞凋亡的分子调控机制 ,用光学显微技术、DNA凝胶电泳和Northernblot方法 ,研究了去除生长因子 (FGF和血清 )和蛇毒诱导的两个血管内皮细胞凋亡系统中 p53、c H ras、c myc和bcl 2基因的表达 .发现去除生长因子诱导的细胞凋亡过程中 ,p53基因表达显著增加 ,c H ras和c myc基因表达无变化 ;蛇毒诱导细胞凋亡过程中 ,p53基因表达显著增加 ,c H ras和c myc基因表达无变化 .在正常生长和凋亡细胞中均未检测到bcl 2基因的明显表达 .实验结果表明 :p53基因参与上述两种细胞凋亡诱导系统的分子调控 ;c H ras基因只参与去除生长因子诱导的细胞凋亡过程 ,而不参与蛇毒诱导的细胞凋亡过程 ;这两种细胞凋亡诱导系统均与c myc基因表达无关 ;未见bcl 2基因明显参与血管内皮细胞的凋亡过程 .     

p53基因调控网络研究进展

肿瘤抑制基因p53表达的p53蛋白是一个通用转录因子,与其上、下游功能相关基因组成了一个复杂的基因调控网络,在这个基因网络中p53基因起着关键作用;DNA损伤、缺氧、原癌基因的激活等均能刺激p53基因表达;p53表达升高后,可通过p53-MDM2反馈环路与泛素系统等对p53表达水平进行精确调节;p53通过调控多种下游/靶基因表达完成多种生物学功能,主要包括阻滞细胞周期、促进细胞凋亡、维持基因组稳定性等;认识p53基因调控网络的功能有助于理解p53及其下游/靶基因间的具体作用机制。     

斑马鱼Cyclin C的cDNA克隆及其在发育过程中的表达

细胞周期蛋白C(cyclin C)与细胞周期依赖性蛋白激酶cdk8结合,通过磷酸化RNA 聚合酶 II 和 TFIIH调控转录.在脊椎动物胚胎发育过程中有关细胞周期蛋白C合子型转录激活机制尚知甚少.本研究克隆了斑马鱼细胞周期蛋白C基因,并用Northern杂交和整体原位杂交技术检测其在胚胎发育过程中的表达状态.结果显示,斑马鱼细胞周期蛋白C高度保守,与人细胞周期蛋白C有88％的蛋白序列同源;斑马鱼细胞周期蛋白C在母型期开始表达,其表达伴随中囊胚转换时期的合子型转录激活以及整个胚胎发育过程.     

G1期细胞周期相关蛋白对POLD1基因启动子活性的调控

POLD1基因编码DNA聚合酶δ的催化亚基.然而作为最重要的复制蛋白,目前并不清楚其表达的细胞周期调控机制.研究中运用细胞周期同步化及荧光素酶报告基因测定了POLD1启动子在细胞周期不同时相的活性,结果显示启动子活性随着细胞周期进程而变化,在早S期最高.为进一步确定调控POLD1表达的细胞周期相关因子,应用不同质粒转染MCF7细胞,分别筛选得到稳定细胞系.荧光素酶实验表明增强p53或p21的表达,抑制CyclinE或CDK2的表达都能抑制POLD1启动子活性;而抑制CDK4或Cyclin D1的表达对启动子活性没有明显影响.瞬时共转染实验进一步验证Cyclin E或CDK2受到抑制后能够降低POLD1启动子活性.研究初步探讨了POLD1基因表达的细胞周期调控通路,进一步了解细胞周期因子对DNA复制体调控的复杂机制.     

水生动物细胞周期蛋白研究进展

细胞周期蛋白是真核细胞周期循环中主要的调控因子,参与细胞周期的精密调控,维持细胞正常生长及发育平衡.本文简述了细胞周期蛋白与水生动物卵子发生、早期胚胎发育的关系以及细胞周期蛋白在生殖过程的表达与调控.     

pGL3-4×PRE-E4-luc报告基因质粒的构建及在p44信号通路中的应用鉴定

p53基因是一种重要的抑癌基因,其产物能够与靶DNA特异性结合并激活转录参与诱导细胞凋亡,调控细胞周期,控制细胞的增殖与分化.p44蛋白主要定位于前列腺癌细胞的细胞质,促进癌细胞的增殖.通过shRNA沉默p44的表达后,LNCaP细胞的生长受抑制, p53靶基因TIGAR和GLIPR1的表达增加.为探寻p53是否介导p44对TIGAR和GLIPR1的作用,本研究构建了pGL3-4×PRE-E4-luc报告基因质粒,并将其分别转染经NT-shRNA慢病毒和p44-shRNA慢病毒感染的LNCaP细胞,比较两者荧光素酶活性.结果显示,重组质粒pGL3-4×PRE-E4-luc构建成功,为进一步研究p53在肿瘤发生发展过程中的作用通路提供了新的手段.但LNCaP细胞中p44并非通过p53作用于TIGAR和GLIPR1基因,具体机制仍有待进一步研究.     

家蚕BmMet2基因的组织定位与激素诱导表达分析

Met作为保幼激素(JH)的受体, 能编码bHLH-PAS结构域结合DNA并调控下游基因的表达。为了探究BmMet2是否作为JH的受体参与调控家蚕的生长发育,以家蚕为材料,用生物信息学方法分析了BmMet2蛋白结构,利用实时定量PCR检测其在翅原基不同时期和激素诱导下的表达情况;原核表达了BmMet2中能与DNA结合的蛋白区域BmMet2DBD,并制备了抗体;利用蛋白质印迹法(Western blotting)和免疫组化检测了BmMet2在家蚕多个时期和各组织中的定位表达情况。结果显示:在翅原基中,BmMet2在5龄第3天和5龄第6天有较高水平的表达,蛹期的表达量较低,这与家蚕体内JH的滴度一致;BmMet2在5龄第6天、吐丝期和预蛹期的胸节表皮、脂肪体及翅原基等组织中都有较高的表达;JH和20E均对BmMet2有不同程度的诱导,说明其可能同时参与了JH和20E的调控, 进而参与调控家蚕变态发育过程。     

肿瘤抑制基因P53综述

本文从Ｐ５３研究的历史，Ｐ５３的基本分子生物学，Ｐ５３与细胞周期调控，Ｐ５３与肿瘤发生以臁Ｐ５３参与转泉调控来实现其生物学功能等诸方面概述Ｐ５３研究的进展。     

Cooperation between gene encoding p53 tumour antigen and ras in cellular transformation

The protein p53 is highly expressed in a large variety of transformed cell types originating from diverse species. These include cells transformed by Simian virus 40 (SV40), adenovirus and Abelson virus, as well as a variety of chemically transformed cells. Substantial amounts of p53 are also present in certain non-transformed cells, for example, some embryonic tissues. The protein may be localized in different cellular compartments in normal and transformed cells. The strong correlation between tumorigenicity and high levels of p53 suggests an important role of p53 in tumorigenesis. We report here experiments in which we have co-transfected the murine cellular gene encoding for p53 with a ras gene into primary rat embryo fibroblasts. Our results indicate that the p53-encoding gene can play a causal role in the conversion of normal fibroblasts into tumorigenic cells.     

Myosin-dependent junction remodelling controls planar cell intercalation and axis elongation

Shaping a developing organ or embryo relies on the spatial regulation of cell division and shape. However, morphogenesis also occurs through changes in cell-neighbourhood relationships produced by intercalation. Intercalation poses a special problem in epithelia because of the adherens junctions, which maintain the integrity of the tissue. Here we address the mechanism by which an ordered process of cell intercalation directs polarized epithelial morphogenesis during germ-band elongation, the developmental elongation of the Drosophila embryo. Intercalation progresses because junctions are spatially reorganized in the plane of the epithelium following an ordered pattern of disassembly and reassembly. The planar remodelling of junctions is not driven by external forces at the tissue boundaries but depends on local forces at cell boundaries. Myosin II is specifically enriched in disassembling junctions, and its planar polarized localization and activity are required for planar junction remodelling and cell intercalation. This simple cellular mechanism provides a general model for polarized morphogenesis in epithelial organs.     

野生甘薯大孢子、胚囊及柱头乳头细胞发育过程与过氧化物酶同工酶变化的关系

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,分别测定甘薯(Jpomoea trifida)花、子房、柱头在不同发育时期的过氧化物酶同工酶;通过光学显微镜和扫描电镜,观察大孢子的发生、胚囊的形成以及柱头乳头细胞的分化过程。实验结果表明,过氧化物酶同工酶与大孢子发生、胚囊形成以及柱头乳头细胞的分化过程有密切的关系;过氧化物酶同工酶谱的变化具有器官(组织)和发育阶段的特异性。本文还对过氧化物酶同工酶的活性变化与植物发育过程中器官的形成、细胞的生长及分化的关系进行了讨论。     

Inactivation of the p53 pathway in retinoblastoma

Most human tumours have genetic mutations in their Rb and p53 pathways, but retinoblastoma is thought to be an exception. Studies suggest that retinoblastomas, which initiate with mutations in the gene retinoblastoma 1 (RB1), bypass the p53 pathway because they arise from intrinsically death-resistant cells during retinal development. In contrast to this prevailing theory, here we show that the tumour surveillance pathway mediated by Arf, MDM2, MDMX and p53 is activated after loss of RB1 during retinogenesis. RB1-deficient retinoblasts undergo p53-mediated apoptosis and exit the cell cycle. Subsequently, amplification of the MDMX gene and increased expression of MDMX protein are strongly selected for during tumour progression as a mechanism to suppress the p53 response in RB1-deficient retinal cells. Our data provide evidence that the p53 pathway is inactivated in retinoblastoma and that this cancer does not originate from intrinsically death-resistant cells as previously thought. In addition, they support the idea that MDMX is a specific chemotherapeutic target for treating retinoblastoma.     

Rearrangements of the cellular p53 gene in erythroleukaemic cells transformed by Friend virus

There is now good evidence that the cellular protein, p53, is involved in the transformation process, although its precise role is unknown. It was reported recently that expression of the p53 gene can immortalize cells and that the p53 gene can replace the myc oncogene in a myc-ras immortalization/transformation assay. We have investigated whether p53 is involved in the progression towards the neoplastic state in vivo and report here that erythroleukaemic cell lines transformed by different isolates of Friend leukaemia virus show altered expression of the cellular p53 gene. High levels of p53 protein are found in certain lines, but the protein is undetectable in others. This heterogeneity in p53 gene expression is associated with heterogeneity in tumorigenicity. We demonstrate that genomic rearrangements are responsible for p53 gene inactivation in these cell lines and that they occur in vivo during the natural progression of Friend virus-induced erythroleukaemia.