基于CFFCA的全驱动五指灵巧手抓取研究

为精确控制灵巧手对目标物体的抓取,针对灵巧手对目标物体的抓取控制实时性不高的问题,设计了全驱动五指灵巧手试验样机DH-MN-I。分析了单根手指的正运动学与逆运动学,提出了接触力反馈控制算法( CFFCA: Contact Force Feedback Control Algorithm) ,利用压力传感器的反馈值,实时控制灵巧手和目标物体之间的接触力,并且详细描述了灵巧手的强力抓取和精确抓取两种抓取模式。在全驱动五指灵巧手试验样机DH-MN-I 上的实验证明,在两种抓取模式下该算法对两种尺寸的目标物体实现抓取控制是可行的。利用提出的接触力反馈控制算法可控制全驱动灵巧手和目标物体之间的接触力,实现灵巧手对不同大小的目标物体的稳定抓取操作,实验结果表明,该算法实时性较好,有很高的灵巧性,具有应用价值。     

欠驱动灵巧手的优化设计及仿真分析

传统欠驱动机械手的运动空间相对固定、操作功能单一,对抓取物没有较强的自适应性,为此设计一种新的连杆式欠驱动灵巧手机构,并进行设计优化和仿真抓取实验。阐述了该灵巧手的整体机构设计及工作原理,其可实现包络和指尖两种抓取模式。根据手指的几何尺寸采用协同耦合方式设计手掌尺寸,利用可变手掌协同手指抓取,提高了灵巧手在抓取形状复杂和不同尺寸物体时的自适应性。基于虚功原理建立灵巧手单指各关节的接触力模型,针对抓取过程中存在的抓取力不足及抓取不稳等问题,使用NSGA-II优化算法对单指机构的杆长进行尺度综合。利用建立的虚拟样机进行仿真抓取实验,结果表明,该灵巧手具有较强的自适应性,能够稳定抓取多种形状和尺寸的物体。     

基于抓取模式识别的欠驱动灵巧手抓取方法

针对桌面上单个物体场景的抓取任务,提出一种基于抓取模式识别的欠驱动灵巧手自主抓取方法．受人类抓取策略启发,基于四种典型抓取模式建立物体的抓取模式数据集,并通过深度学习预测物体的抓取模式和抓取区域,利用图像处理获得抓取角度,从而简化欠驱动灵巧手的抓取规划．深度学习算法在测试集中的识别准确率达98.70%,对未知物体的识别准确率达82.70%,具有较好的泛化能力．当执行自主抓取时,深度学习方法的不准确性通过欠驱动手的自适应性得到了一定的补偿．通过UR3e机械臂搭载欠驱动灵巧手对24个物体进行抓取实验,在120次抓取中平均成功率为90.80%．实验结果表明所提方法能适应不同形状大小的物体,具备抓取实用性．     

HIT/DLR多指手稳定抓取的控制策略

提出了一种新的多指灵巧手实现稳定抓取的位置/力矩控制策略.该策略基于阻抗控制的思想,在力矩控制器的基础上引入位置控制信息,并利用观测器对手指的控制模式进行切换.可以分别实现自由空间中的位置轨迹跟踪和约束空间中的精确力跟踪.虽然控制模式及输入信号在自由空间和约束空间有所改变,但核心的控制器都为同一个力矩控制器,可以保证过渡过程的平稳性,实现了多指手对物体实施精确的抓取.实验结果证明了该控制策略的有效性和可行性.     

基于论域自调整模糊规则切换的双模控制器

 针对系统的初始响应,设计了一个兼顾快速性和稳定性的论域自调整的模糊控制器,并用线性PID控制器来实现稳态时的高精度控制,2个控制器之间采用模糊规则进行切换.并给出了它的动态性能、抗干扰能力及鲁棒性的实验结果.     

滚动接触约束下机器人多指操作的协调运动规划

在多指手操作物体时,需要根据物体的运动规划各手指的运动,当手指与物体与滚动接触时,这一问题显得非常复杂目前。主要采用基于运动学的速度控制方法和主从规划方法,文中分析了这两种方法,指出它们都不是真正的协调运动规划,通过引入最优抓取所确定的抓取姿态集合约束和衡量抓取质量指标的函数,在不同的条件下,提出了不同的协调运动生成算法,通过应用香港科技大学多指灵巧手进行实验研究表明,在同样的操作任务下,协调运动     

末端强力抓取的欠驱动拟人机器人手

为了实现自适应抓取效果、拟人化外观和具有末端强力抓取功能的机器人手,采用带轮传动、弹簧约束和活动套接的中部指段,设计了一种新型欠驱动手指机构。分析了该手指的强力抓取原理。由此设计了拟人机器人手——TH-3B手。TH-3B手外观、尺寸和动作模仿人手,有5个独立驱动手指、15个关节自由度、6个驱动电机,模块化程度高,结构紧凑,控制容易,质量小,成本低,对所抓物体的形状、大小自动适应,可以实现末端强力抓取,适用于拟人机器人上。     

机器人多指手抓取动态稳定性分析

指出动态稳定性是评价机器人多指手执行抓取操作的一项重要指标,避免构造Lyapunov函数而给出了机器人多指手抓取稳定性研究的一种新方法,得到了抓取系统指数稳定的充分条件。     

一种可变直径软体机器人的设计

为了解决刚性机械手安全性低、适应性差的问题,设计一款具有抓取功能的软体机器人。该软体机器人由三个呈圆周 120°分布的软体驱动器和一个夹具组成,夹具可以实现自动化改变直径以适应不同大小物体的抓取,经测算软体机器人可以抓取直径范围为 45mm~97mm 的物体。夹具和软体驱动器都采用3D打印制造,具有成本低、制造简单、易于大规模生产的优点。软体机器人采用气压驱动,当给驱动器充气时,三手指同时弯曲抓取物体,具有很好的稳定性。对于软体驱动器建立了相应的力学模型,得到了弯曲角度与输入气压的关系,并利用ABAQUS 有限元仿真软件对驱动器弯曲特性进行仿真。对比发现,理论建模和仿真分析在驱动器弯曲角度具有很高的吻合性。     

末端强力抓取的欠驱动拟人机器人手

为了实现自适应抓取效果、拟人化外观和具有末端强力抓取功能的机器人手,采用带轮传动、弹簧约束和活动套接的中部指段,设计了一种新型欠驱动手指机构。分析了该手指的强力抓取原理。由此设计了拟人机器人手——TH-3B手。TH-3B手外观、尺寸和动作模仿人手,有5个独立驱动手指、15个关节自由度、6个驱动电机,模块化程度高,结构紧凑,控制容易,质量小,成本低,对所抓物体的形状、大小自动适应,可以实现末端强力抓取,适用于拟人机器人上。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.