鼠李糖乳杆菌胞外多糖提取与硒纳米粒制备

利用鼠李糖乳杆菌发酵,在优化工艺下从发酵液中提取胞外多糖(EPS),并制备胞外多糖-硒纳米粒(EPS-SeNPs),分析其表征、结构特性与抗氧化活性.结果表明,最优除蛋白条件为:聚酰胺(PA)添加量120 g/L、搅拌时间4 h;最优醇沉条件为:浓缩至原体积的20%、调pH至7、添加4倍体积95%乙醇、醇沉时间12 h,在此条件下测得EPS最大提取量为15.5 g/L,蛋白质含量为(1.19±0.45)%.制备出的EPS-SeNPs平均粒径为18.52 nm,1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼自由基(DPPH)清除率较EPS有所提升.研究旨在提高鼠李糖乳杆菌EPS提取量,为EPS及其相关产品的研究与开发提供新的方向.     

不同方法提取活性污泥胞外聚合物的特性分析

本研究采用超声法、甲醛+Na OH法、Na2CO3-加热法、Na OH+加热法和CER法等5种方法提取普通活性污泥的EPS.通过傅里叶红外光谱、三维荧光光谱对不同方法提取的EPS进行特性分析,并利用平行因子分析法的结果对EPS的EEM光谱信号进行分析.Na OH+加热法和Na2CO3+加热法提取EPS所得的蛋白质和多糖总含量是几种方法中较高的.甲醛+Na OH法、Na2CO3+加热法、Na OH+加热法3种EPS提取方法所得的红外光谱特征峰相对于超声法、CER法所获得的EPS特征峰更明显.从三维荧光光谱图可得:不同方法提取EPS的信号峰位置也不尽相同.从平行因子法分析可得:EPS中的色氨酸可通过CER法提取获得,EPS中的络氨酸可通过超声法和CER法提取获得,EPS中的类蛋白质类物质可通过超声法、甲醛+Na OH法、Na2CO3+加热法、Na OH+加热法提取获得.     

微波提取水杉黄酮工艺研究

采用正交试验方法,确立了微波法提取水杉黄酮的提取工艺条件.结果表明,最优提取条件为乙醇浓度80%,提取时间5min,固液比120 g/mL,此时黄酮得率为1.601%     

曝气生物滤池生物膜胞外聚合物提取方法对比研究

以曝气生物滤池生物膜作为研究对象,采用去离子水作为提取液,对比考察了8种方法对生物膜胞外聚合物(extracellular polymeric substances,EPS)提取效率及其组分含量的影响,同时利用紫外可见光(UV-vis)光谱分析不同方法在EPS提取过程中对细胞的破坏程度,确定生物膜EPS提取的最佳方法.结果表明,热提法(60℃)对生物膜紧密结合型胞外聚合物(TB-EPS)提取效率最高,提取量可达132.0mg/g,且对细胞破坏程度最轻,DNA含量约占TB-EPS总量的7.0%,表明热提法是生物膜EPS提取的有效方法.     

胞外聚合物的提取及其吸附性能

为了快速、高效地提取活性污泥的胞外聚合物(extracellular polymeric substances,EPS),采用4种方法提取紧密结合型EPS(tightly bound EPS,TB-EPS),对比不同提取方法的优缺点,考察TB-EPS对Mn²⁺吸附性能的影响,研究了TB-EPS的吸附机理.结果表明:加热法提取的TB-EPS效率高,方法简单,操作方便,不破坏细胞结构.加热法提取的TB-EPS用于吸附重金属Mn²⁺,其最大吸附率为53.8%,吸附过程符合二级反应动力学特征和Langmuir吸附等温方程,该吸附以化学吸附为主.在TB-EPS中色氨酸和酪氨酸的疏水作用是主要的吸附机理.     

从马比木根中提取喜树碱的工艺研究

研究以马比木根为原料提取喜树碱的工艺条件,采用单因素及正交试验,确定了喜树碱的最优提取工艺为:提取溶剂为体积分数70%的甲醇溶液,提取温度为70℃,提取时间为1.5 h.在此工艺条件下,马比木中喜树碱的提取率可达0.16%.     

乳酸杆菌产胞外多糖培养条件的优化

从自制泡菜汁中提取乳杆菌,经生化鉴定确认其细菌菌属,再从乳酸杆菌中提取EPS并用苯酚-硫酸法进行多糖含量的测定。在温度、pH值、葡萄糖含量和实验时间单因素实验的基础上,采用四因素三水平正交试验对LAB EPS产量的影响进行了研究,最终确定泡菜中乳酸杆菌获得高产胞外多糖的最佳条件和最佳组合为,温度35 ℃,葡萄糖质量分数1.5%,pH值6.5,发酵时间10 h.     

柚子中柚皮甙提取工艺研究

研究了柚子中柚皮甙提取工艺.以柚皮甙的含量为指标,采用L9(33)正交试验设计优选柚子中柚皮甙最佳提取工艺条件.优选得到的最佳提取工艺:提取温度为90℃,乙醇浓度为70%,提取时间为90min ,液固比为25:1.在最优提取条件下提取3次,柚皮甙的提取率可达83.32%.     

苹果渣根皮苷提取工艺优化及其抗氧化性分析

以苹果渣为原料,用乙醇溶液提取根皮苷,以高效液相色谱法测定根皮苷含量.利用BoxBehnken中心组合设计原理,应用响应面实验优化方法确定最优提取条件,同时应用自由基清除实验考察根皮苷提取物抗氧化性.实验结果显示,最优提取条件为乙醇浓度60％,料液比1∶10,提取温度70℃,提取时间5h.在此条件下根皮苷的提取量可达到2.79mg/kg,各因素对吸附率影响顺序为：提取温度＞料液比＞提取时间＞乙醇浓度;根皮苷粗提物的抗氧化性明显高于苹果渣,表现了较好的抗氧化能力.     

微波辅助提取柿叶黄酮

通过正交实验探讨了微波辅助法提取柿叶黄酮的最佳条件.利用3种大孔吸附树脂对柿叶黄酮的静态吸附实验筛选了最优的吸附分离树脂,并确定了乙醇洗脱最优体积分数.结果表明：最佳提取条件为料液比1∶30(m∶v),微波强度250 W,提取时间21 min;DA-201型大孔吸附树脂对柿叶黄酮吸附效果最好且70%乙醇解吸率最高.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the