大气中含氧挥发性有机物（OVOCs）的测量技术

含氧挥发性有机物（OVOCs）是光化学反应过程的中间产物,二次有机气溶胶的前体物,其本身也是有毒有害气体,在大气环境领域具有重要的研究意义。由于OVOCs中某些物种在环境大气中的浓度非常低（<0.1ppb）,一般仪器检测限难以达到其浓度水平,且许多物种反应活性高、寿命短,因此,对OVOCs进行准确的定性和定量分析是具有挑战性的工作。作者归类介绍现有的主要分析测量方法,比较了各种分析方法优劣。     

α-重氮羰基化合物分解反应的机理以及合成应用

α-重氮羰基化合物在不同条件下的分解反应,在有机合成中有多种多样的应用,因此引起人们的广泛关注。本项工作应用物理有机化学的经典方法-Hammett线性自由能相关对在有机合成中已得到广泛应用的Rh(Ⅱ)-卡宾分子内C-H插入反应的机理进行了深入的探讨。在α-重氮羰基化合物的合成应用方面,发现了Cu(acac)₂可以有效地催化α-重氮羰基化合物分解并发生选择性的分子内N-H键插入反应。此外,应用α-重氮羰基化合物在Ag(Ⅰ)催化剂的作用下的Wolff重排反应可以有效地合成光学纯的γ-内酰胺。     

半挥发性有机污染物的人体暴露评估方法

 半挥发性有机物（SVOCs）的人体暴露研究已成为环境研究领域的热点。传统的人体暴露评估方法（如血液组织检测等）具有侵入性、复杂性、成本高、样品难获得等缺点。新型被动采样方法以其非侵入性、简单易行、易于接受等优点逐渐受到了广泛关注。总结了非饮食人体暴露评估的方法，重点介绍了人体暴露评估的新兴被动采样技术，包括硅胶腕带、硅胶胸针、手擦拭样、衣服等，其中硅胶手环和硅胶胸针以其廉价易得、易于被接受和稳定性好等优点逐渐得到了广泛应用；此外，利用衣服作为SVOCs人体暴露研究的手段，也具有良好的发展潜力和应用前景。     

小分子有机电致发光材料研究进展

 有机电致发光器件（OLED）具有效率高、亮度高、驱动电压低、响应速度快以及能实现大面积光电显示等优点,因其在平板显示和高效照明领域具有极大的应用前景而引起广泛关注。在OLED的制备及优化中,有机电致发光材料包括小分子和聚合物的选择至关重要,其中有机小分子发光材料具有确定的相对分子质量、化学修饰性强、选择范围广、易于提纯、荧光量子产率高以及可以产生红、绿、篮等各种颜色光等优点,一直受到国内外学者的广泛重视。本文综述了近年来国内外有机电致发光小分子发光材料的研究状况,对有机小分子电致发光材料进行分类和评述,并简要介绍了小分子OLED的应用前景和发展趋势。     

GaAs/InP异质材料及MESFET器件研究

用低压金属有机气相外延（LP－MOCVD）在InP衬底上生长出较高质量的GaAs材料，并对材料进行Raman、光致发光（PL）谱的测试分析，结果表明在GaAs／InP外延层中存在伸张应力致使Raman的LO模式的频率红移；PL谱峰较强，16K下测到GaAs的特征激子峰和杂质相关的激子峰，表明了GaAs外延层的晶体质量较好。以此生长方法制备了金属－半导体场效应晶体管（MESFET），其单位跨导可达200ms/mm。该器件已经达到GaAs同质结构的器件水平。     

浮栅型有机非易失性存储器的研究

有机柔性电子器件具有低制造成本、大面积、可柔性折叠等优点，是近年来国内外学术界和工业界的研究热点。有机非易失存储器是一种重要的有机柔性电子器件。本文阐述了浮栅型有机非易失性存储器件的工作原理；系统介绍了当然国内外学术界对浮栅型有机非易失性存储器的研究进展，存在的一些问题以及一些可能的解决对策。     

低电压并五苯薄膜场效应晶体管

利用全蒸镀法, 以并五苯作为有源层, 聚甲基丙烯酸甲 酯（PMMA）作为绝缘层, 制备了全有机薄膜场效应晶体管（TFT）. 测试结果表明, 器件具有较低的工作电压和较高的场效应迁移率. 对工作机理进行了探讨.     

一个飞速发展的领域:非富勒烯有机太阳能电池受体材料

有机太阳能电池作为解决能源问题的重要手段之一,2006年以来得到了深入的研究.其电子受体材料较多地局限在富勒烯及其衍生物领域,由于其光谱吸收窄、溶解性差、成本高、生产过程中环境不友好等问题,迫使科学家们寻找新的受体材料.近年来,非富勒烯电子受体材料吸引了科学家们的关注.非富勒烯受体材料的光谱吸收宽,溶解性好,结构可控,易加工等特点决定了其在有机太阳能电池领域有广泛的应用.综述了2011年以来非富勒烯有机太阳能电池受体材料领域的进展,并对其将来的发展进行了展望.     

润滑油溶剂精制过程中有机酸分布的研究

用毛细管气相色谱－质谱联用的方法对润滑剂精制过程中回收循环溶剂Ｎ－甲基砒咯烷酮中残留的有机酸酯化物和直接从原油 分离出的有机酸的甲酯化物进行了研究；前者色谱分离出了２６个甲酯峰，ＧＣ／ＭＳ确定了其中的１７个主要成份，占有机酸甲酯总量的９０．８１％；后者色谱分离出了２９个甲酯峰，ＧＣ／ＭＳ确定了其中的２０个主要成份，占有机酸甲酯总量的９２．１１％；对前者色谱还分离出一个二重峰，占整个样品总量的９６．     

纳米TiO2可见光响应研究进展

纳米TiO_2因具有良好的光催化性能而受到关注,针对TiO_2实际使用过程中存在的问题——可见光利用效率低下,研究者开展了深入而广泛的研究。着重综述了近年来发展起来的主要改性方法,包括金属离子掺杂、非金属原子置换、两种(或以上)半导体复配、有机染料敏化等,以及最新研究成果。同时对TiO_2可见光研究发展方向进行了分析。     

Fabrication of copper nanorods by low-temperature metal organic chemical vapor deposition

Copper nanorods have been synthe-sized in mesoporous SBA-15 by a low-temperature metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) employing copper (II) acetylacetonate, Cu(acac)2, and hydrogen as a precursor and reactant gas, re- spectively. The hydrogen plays an important role in chemical reduction of oganometallic precursor which enhances mass transfer in the interior of the SBA-15 porous substrate. Such copper nanostructures are of great potentials in the semiconductor due to their unusual optical, magnetic and electronic properties. In addition, it has been found that chemically modi- fying the substrate surface by carbon deposition is crucial to such synthesis of copper nanostructures in the interior of the SBA-15, which is able to change the surface properties of SBA-15 from hydrophilic to hydrophobic to promote the adsorption of organic cupric precursor. It has also been found that the copper nanoparticles deposited on the external sur- face are almost eliminated and the copper nanorods are more distinct while the product was treated with ammonia. This approach could be achieved under a mild condition: a low temperature (400℃) and vac-uum (2 kPa) which is extremely milder than the con- ventional method. It actually sounds as a foundation which is the first time to synthesize a copper nanorod at a mild condition of a low reaction temperature and pressure.     

Synthesis and Properties of Photo-functional Hyperbranched Polymers

1 Results UV curing systems have been widely used in various industries such as coatings,printing inks,and photo-resists,because of their low volatile organic compound (VOC),excellent physical properties,and energy saving.Recently,these systems have also been applied to electronics and information technology fields such as display,CD,DVD,optical-fiber,and optical-device. In these curing systems,(meth)acrylate oligomers are mainly used due to their high photochemical reactivity. Recently,dendritic polyme...     

Study on an Organic Hybrid Made from Chlorinated Polyethylene and 2,2''''-methylene-bis- (4-methyl-6-cyclohexylphenol)

The dynamic mechanical properties and miscibility of an organic hybrid made from chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) and 2, 2'-methyIene-bis-( 4-methyl-6-cyclohexylphenol) ( ZKF ) are mainly discussed in this paper. It is found that ZKF acts as an antiplasticizer in CPE matrix and has good miscibility even with large ratio in CPE /ZKF hybrids. The glass transition temperature of various CPE /ZKF hybrids determined by DSC give a good fit to Wood's equation. Bifunctional ZKF is supposed to improve the intermolecular force of CPE, and the improvement is developed when the ZKF content increases. On the other hand, the viscoelastic properties are highly improved with the addition of ZKF. TA and tanδ peak values increase when the ZKF content increase in the CPE /ZKF hybrids, the damping capacity has been improved during the glass transition of CPE /ZKF hybrids. In addition, the glass transition temperature shifts to room temperature from the low temperature with the continuous addition of ZKF to CPE.     

A soluble and air-stable organic semiconductor with high electron mobility

Electronic devices based on organic semiconductors offer an attractive alternative to conventional inorganic devices due to potentially lower costs, simpler packaging and compatibility with flexible substrates. As is the case for silicon-based microelectronics, the use of complementary logic elements-requiring n- and p-type semiconductors whose majority charge carriers are electrons and holes, respectively-is expected to be crucial to achieving low-power, high-speed performance. Similarly, the electron-segregating domains of photovoltaic assemblies require both n- and p-type semiconductors. Stable organic p-type semiconductors are known, but practically useful n-type semiconductor materials have proved difficult to develop, reflecting the unfavourable electrochemical properties of known, electron-demanding polymers. Although high electron mobilities have been obtained for organic materials, these values are usually obtained for single crystals at low temperatures, whereas practically useful field-effect transistors (FETs) will have to be made of polycrystalline films that remain functional at room temperature. A few organic n-type semiconductors that can be used in FETs are known, but these suffer from low electron mobility, poor stability in air and/or demanding processing conditions. Here we report a crystallographically engineered naphthalenetetracarboxylic diimide derivative that allows us to fabricate solution-cast n-channel FETs with promising performance at ambient conditions. By integrating our n-channel FETs with solution-deposited p-channel FETs, we are able to produce a complementary inverter circuit whose active layers are deposited entirely from the liquid phase. We expect that other complementary circuit designs can be realized by this approach as well.     

Aerobic respiration in the Archaean?

The Earth's atmosphere during the Archaean era (3,800-2,500 Myr ago) is generally thought to have been anoxic, with the partial pressure of atmospheric oxygen about 10(-12) times the present value. In the absence of aerobic consumption of oxygen produced by photosynthesis in the ocean, the major sink for this oxygen would have been oxidation of dissolved Fe(II). Atmospheric oxygen would also be removed by the oxidation of biogenic methane. But even very low estimates of global primary productivity, obtained from the amounts of organic carbon preserved in Archaean rocks, seem to require the sedimentation of an unrealistically large amount of iron and the oxidation of too much methane if global anoxia was to be maintained. I therefore suggest that aerobic respiration must have developed early in the Archaean to prevent a build-up of atmospheric oxygen before the Proterozoic. An atmosphere that contained a low (0.2-0.4%) but stable proportion of oxygen is required.     

Lacustrine biomass: An significant precursor of high wax oil

Since high wax oils are normally related to terrestrial depositional environment, the concept that high wax oils are derived from terrigenous organic materials has been widely accepted[1,2]. Recently, Hsieh et al.[3,4] studied oils from different depositional environments and ages and suggested that waxy compounds were not restricted to any type of environment or source material. There is a variety of possible sources for the formation of HMWHCs, in-cluding high plant cuticular waxes, blue-g…     

Synthesis and property of imidazolium oxidative-thermoregulated ionic liquids

A series of novel imidazolium oxidative-ther- moregulated bifunctional ionic liquids （ILs） have been synthesized by introducing the thermoregulated structural unit into imidazolium cation and using heteropolyanion as the anion of ILs. The structures of these new type of taskspecific ionic liquids （TSILs） are characterized by FT-IR and 1H NMR. The thermostability of ILs is analyzed by thermogravimetry. The thermoregulated properties of ILs in aqueous and organic solvents are mainly investigated. These ILs have the corresponding cloud points （CPs） in aqueous. The effects of IL concentration, polymerization degree, inorganic additives and organic additives on the CP are studied. IL/DMF/n-heptane or n-octane biphasic system has the corresponding critical solution temperature （CST）, and has the feature of ＂homogeneous at high temperature, heterogeneous at low temperature＂. The effects of IL dosage and polymerization degree on the CST are given. IL/DMF/n-octane thermoregulated biphasic system has been successfully applied for catalytic oxidative desulfurization of model fuels. This study opens up a new way for catalytic oxidation to achieve an integration of homogeneous catalysis and heterogeneous separation.     

浅谈电镀工艺学实验教学与理论知识相结合

在电镀工艺学专业课程的实验实践教学过程中,我们把基础理论知识与实验内容有机联系起来.一方面可以实现理论知识与实践知识的有机结合,另一方面可以使专业知识实验内容生动,激发学生学习的兴趣,培养学生专业知识学习的探索思维,增强学生动手能力,为今后的工作打下良好基础.     

Climate as the dominant control on C<Subscript>3</Subscript> and C<Subscript>4</Subscript> plant abundance in the Loess Plateau: Organic carbon isotope evidence from the last glacial-interglacial loess-soil sequences

Two modes of photosynthesis predominate in terres-REPORTS trial plants: the C3 and C4 modes[1]. The C3 mode is used by all of trees, bushes, and cold season grasses. The C4 mode is used by the most of tropical and warm season grasses. They are disadvantaged relative to C3 plants at high CO2/O2 ratios because of the additional energy ex-pense needed to concentrate CO2 in the bundle-sheath cells. At low CO2/O2, however, C4 plants can achieve a relatively high quantum yield by suppressin…     

深水固井水泥石微观结构研究

随着全球油气需求的不断增长和陆地油气资源的不断减少,石油勘探开发不断向深海深入。国内也开始全面向深水进军,开发深水油气资源。对于深水表层固井,面临着低温、地层疏松、浅层流等技术难题,国内外在这方面做了大量的研究,这些研究主要针对解决深水固井技术难题,针对深水低温水泥石的微观结构的研究较少。本文利用XRD、SEM等仪器对密度1.5g/cm3的水泥石在低温条件下不同养护期的微观结构及成分进行了分析研究。结果表明:加入防窜增强剂PC-GS12L的水泥浆体系的水化产物形状变化不大,只是结构上变的致密许多,并且生成的水化产物更多。