Au／NiO催化剂的制备及其对CO催化氧化性能研究

采用不同制备方法翩备了Au/NiO催化剂,以CO氧化反应作为表征反应.考察了催化剂制备方法对催化剂活性的影响,在不同处理条件下制备了NiO载体.采用沉积-沉淀法制备了相应Au/NEO催化剂,进一步考察了载体的制备条件对催化剂性能的影响,并对催化剂进行了XRD、BET和TPR表征.实验结果表明:催化剂的制备方法对催化剂的催化活性有显著影响.经沉积-沉淀法制备催化剂的活性最好,而浸渍法制备的催化剂活性最差;载体的制备条件对催化剂的活性也有一定影响.在载体制备过程中加入分散剂并不能提高催化剂的活性,而载体经微波处理后的催化剂表现出较高的活性.BET结果显示负载于未经焙烧载体上的催化剂活性较高可能和催化剂较高的比表面积有关;TPR结果显示催化剂含有氧化态的金,而且催化剂的活性与氧化态金的还原温度相关.     

沉淀水热合成Al2O3载金催化剂及其CO氧化性能

为提高以惰性氧化铝为载体所担载的纳米金催化剂的CO氧化反应活性和稳定性，本研究设计了一种采用沉淀水热法合成的具有层状褶皱似的粗糙表面的氧化铝多孔载体，并以此为载体担载纳米Au粒子且用于CO氧化反应。系列表征结果表明，与直接沉淀法制得的氧化铝相比，沉淀水热法制备的氧化铝载体存在大量的褶皱似的粗糙表面且富含更多的羟基物种，促进了纳米金粒子在载体表面的高度分散，从而提高了其CO氧化反应活性和反应稳定性。     

Au/Al_2O_3/Al整体型催化剂的研究

采用阳极氧化法制备了Al2O3/Al载体,研究了阳极氧化条件(硫酸浓度、电流密度、氧化时间等)对载体比表面积和孔结构的影响.用这种载体,经过水合或负载CeO2、Fe2O3等助剂对载体的不同处理后,采用浸渍法制备了金负载量为1%的Au/Al2O3/Al、Au/Al2O3-CeO2/Al、Au/Al2O3-Fe2O3/Al催化剂,考察了其CO催化氧化活性.结果表明:阳极氧化条件对载体的表面结构有着显著的影响,同时也明显影响到催化剂的活性;助剂CeO2的加入能明显提高催化剂的活性.     

Co3O4催化CO低温氧化工艺条件的研究

不使用表面活性剂和氧化剂,利用液相沉淀法制备了Co3O4催化剂.采用XRD和TEM对催化剂进行了表征,着重考察了预处理条件、反应温度、空速等工艺条件对Co3O4催化剂上CO低温氧化性能的影响.结果表明:所制备的催化剂具有单一的立方相结构,晶粒尺寸在10～20 nm之间.经过氧化预处理的Co3O4在室温乃至零度以下(-78 ℃)都具有较高的CO氧化性能,在25 ℃下可连续反应500 min以上保持CO完全转化.催化剂的稳定性随原料气中CO浓度的降低而逐渐升高,随空速的提高活性下降较快.水蒸气的引入则对催化剂的稳定性有明显的负作用,导致在室温下使CO保持完全转化的时间明显缩短.     

制备条件对Au/La-Mn-O催化剂低温氧化CO性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法(Sol-gel法)制备系列La-Mn-O载体,用沉积-沉淀法(DP法)制备负载型金催化剂,以CO催化氧化为探针反应,对催化剂活性进行测试,并考察催化剂的制备条件(焙烧温度、制备过程中溶液的pH值、Au的负载量以及载体的种类)对催化活性的影响,用XRD、BET和AAS等手段对催化剂进行表征.结果表明,当溶液的pH=9,Au的理论负载量为2%,未经焙烧的Au/LaMnO3催化剂表现出较好的活性,CO的最低完全转化温度为90℃.稳定性测试结果显示.Au/LaMnO3催化剂具有较好的稳定性,连续反应30 h,CO的转化率一直保持100%,放置150d后催化剂活性稍有下降,CO的最低完全转化温度由原来的90℃升至110℃.     

高分散负载Pd催化剂上CO氧化性能

制备高分散的负载型催化剂是充分利用在自然界中储量极为有限的贵金属资源的重要手段.采用不同方法制备一系列负载Pd催化剂,考察了不同载体负载Pd催化剂的CO氧化性能.发现以乙酰丙酮钯为前驱体制得的Pd/TiO2催化剂活性远高于Pd/SiO2和Pd/Al2O3催化剂的活性,在室温下就表现出较好的CO氧化活性,且在无气相O2条件下CO可以与Pd/TiO2催化剂表面的氧物种(晶格氧)反应生成一定量的CO2.分散度测试、CO吸附的原位红外光谱和程序升温还原的结果表明Pd/TiO2催化剂上Pd物种以高分散Pd0形式存在,并与载体之间存在强相互作用,这可能是Pd/TiO2催化剂具有低温活性的主要原因.     

六方相和单斜相LaPO4负载金催化剂的CO氧化

传统负载型金催化剂常以氧化物或活性炭作为载体,很少以金属磷酸盐作为载体.本文考察了具有不同晶相和形貌的LaPO_4负载金催化剂的CO氧化.采用沉淀法制备由纳米颗粒和短棒组成的六方相LaPO_4(记为LaPO_4-H).控制水热法处理的温度和时间(150℃,12h和220℃,18h)分别制备了六方相LaPO_4纳米线(LaPO_4-HNW)和单斜相LaPO_4纳米线(LaPO_4-MNW-220).通过在900℃焙烧六方相LaPO_4纳米线,制备了单斜相LaPO_4纳米线(LaPO_4-MNW-900).使用以尿素为沉淀剂的沉积-沉淀(DPU)法在4种载体上负载金(成分中金的质量分数为1%),把4种催化剂分别在350℃和500℃焙烧,并测试了催化CO氧化的活性.采用XRD、TEM、XPS、ICP-OES、N2吸附-脱附、CO2-TPD等测试手段,对催化剂进行了表征.研究结果表明,金纳米颗粒的大小是影响催化活性的决定性因素,即金颗粒越小,活性越好.不同的LaPO_4载体能影响负载于载体上的金颗粒的大小和热稳定性,进而影响催化活性.     

负载型金催化剂的制备及其对CO催化氧化性能的研究

通过沉积沉淀法制备了负载型金催化剂,测定了其对CO的催化氧化性能.结果表明,催化剂的活性与催化剂的载体种类、焙烧温度和放置时间等因素有关;Au/TiO2和Au/CeO2催化剂的催化活性较高,而Au/ZnO催化剂的催化活性较低;焙烧温度影响催化剂的性能,焙烧温度为400℃时,催化剂活性最高;较长的放置时间会降低催化剂性能,这可能与活性组分粒径长大有关.     

复合金属氧化物的活性表面

在流动脉冲吸附装置中,测定在一定实验条件下CO的不可逆吸附量,以此表征了用于CO完全氧化反应的鈣钛矿型La_(0.7)Sr_(0.3)MnO_3/γAl_2O_3催化剂的活性表面。根据簡化吸附模型进行计算的结果表明,对于含不同浸漬量活性组分的催化剂,或同一催化剂经不同条件的预处理,算得的活性表面和分散度值,都得到了合理的结果,并和催化剂CO氧化反应活性有平行关系。     

多级孔TiO_2担载金钯纳米催化剂在CO氧化反应的应用

针对贵金属纳米粒子稳定性差,容易发生团聚造成催化活性低的问题,以多级孔TiO_2为载体,利用其介孔孔道限制贵金属纳米粒子团聚,采用浸渍法制备Au-Pd双金属纳米催化剂.通过X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)等分析手段对催化剂进行表征,结果表明金钯纳米粒子均匀地分布在TiO_2载体上,尺寸约为3~5nm.选择CO氧化反应评价催化剂活性,考察催化剂制备过程中金钯比例对催化活性的影响.结果表明,在120℃的条件下催化剂Au_1-Pd_4/TiO_2达到最高的转化率90%,这归结于双金属间的电子协同效应,金原子从钯原子上吸电子,导致钯原子缺电子,而CO分子提供电子给钯原子,提高了催化活性.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~     

An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.