EGR涡轮增压柴油机的进气未燃空气质量分数估计

为解决车用EGR涡轮增压柴油机进气未燃空气质量分数无法直接测量的问题,提出了一种估计未燃空气质量分数的方法.在构建高压回路EGR涡轮增压柴油机动态模型的基础上,设计了EGR流量的高增益观测器,为进气歧管未燃空气质量分数的准确估计奠定基础;基于进排气歧管未燃空气质量分数的动态方程,设计了柴油机未燃空气质量分数的全维状态观测器,并基于李雅普诺夫稳定性理论,对设计的观测器进行了稳定性分析.分析结果表明,设计的观测器是一渐近稳定系统,可以用于对未燃空气质量分数进行估计.利用GT-Power仿真数据以及试验数据对设计的EGR流量观测器和未燃空气质量分数观测器进行验证.结果表明,设计的观测器能够对参数进行准确估计,估计误差在3%以内,满足柴油机控制系统的需求.      

低温燃烧汽油机瞬态空燃比主动抗扰控制

为了实现对废气稀释低温燃烧汽油机瞬态空燃比的有效控制,提出了一种动态进气量观测器和主动抗扰控制(ADRC)的前馈反馈控制策略.进气量观测器揭示了进气前回流对进气歧管状态参数的影响规律,采用状态观测的方法实现了对缸内充气效率的动态跟踪.ADRC作为反馈环节,能够实时估计并补偿影响空燃比的内外部扰动,实现了对空燃比的闭环精确控制.实验结果表明,相比于传统的静态补偿和PID前馈反馈策略,该方案在转速变化的各种瞬态工况下提高了空燃比的控制精度.     

LPG发动机λ闭环控制系统

为了有效地减少LPG(液化石油气)发动机的尾气排放,设计了空燃比闭环控制原理,分析了PI控制策略的具体实现过程,最后给出了试验结果,结果表明:闭环控制和PI策略的结合可以将空燃比稳定在理论值附近,从而大大降低了3种尾气的排放.     

电喷发动机过渡工况空燃比鲁棒控制研究

阐述了最优H∞控制理论,并将其用于电喷发动机空燃比控制;在充分考虑外部干扰和系统模型不确定性的情况下,讨论并制定了最优H∞理论控制策略.采用面向对象的GT-Power仿真软件,从物理模型出发建立了电喷发动机仿真模型;用Matlab/Simulink软件建立起相应的最优H∞控制器和PI控制器;最后运用Matlab/Simulink与GT-Power的接口,建立电喷发动机实时控制系统.仿真结果表明:最优H∞控制相对于PI控制具有更好的鲁棒稳定性和抗干扰能力,提高了空燃比的控制精度.     

基于分数阶PI~λ控制器的单容水箱液位控制

讨论分数阶PIλ控制器在单容水箱液位控制中的应用问题,给出了一种基于图解稳定性准则的PIλ控制器的设计方法.研究了PIλ控制器的参数稳定域,然后在稳定域内进行系统性能的设计,并提出具体的设计算法.通过Matlab仿真和水箱液位控制系统的实际操作实验,对分数阶PIλ控制器、整数阶PI控制器和常规Ziegler-Nichols参数整定方法进行比较,说明了本文设计方法的有效性和分数阶PIλ控制器的优越性.     

基于小波神经网络的分数阶PIλDμ控制器的设计

目前分数阶PIλDμ控制器参数整定的方法很有限,为了研究分数阶PI λDμ控制器的控制效果,在小波神经网络的基础上提出了分数阶PIDμ控制器的设计原理,然后利用MATLAB进行仿真,通过仿真结果证明了该策略的有效性,同时通过比较说明采用分数阶PIλ Dμ控制器比采用传统PID控制器能获得更好的控制效果.     

汽油发动机空燃比PID控制及其实验研究

针对汽油发动机气缸进气量变化引起空燃比变化的问题,设计一种基于PID的反馈控制器保证空燃比能够快速恢复到理想值。首先给出一种基于模型的进气量估计算法,在此基础上设计了空燃比前馈控制器;然后将前馈控制与PID反馈控制相结合实现发动机喷油量的调节,利用基于实际实验数据构建的仿真器对提出的算法进行数值仿真研究与分析;最后通过发动机实时控制实验平台验证了控制算法的有效性。     

汽油发动机空燃比模糊控制及其实验研究

针对复杂工况下汽油发动机空燃比的非线性与不确定性,提出基于旁通空气补偿法的电控系统方案以降低化油器式汽油发动机的有害尾气排放量;研究了空燃比电子控制系统及其控制策略,论述了系统模糊控制器中的关键参数即变量隶属度函数的确定,其方法是:通过实验测定发动机转速的波动,根据多组转速测定数值点分布的疏密程度以确定其隶属度函数,符合模糊控制的设计原则;采用MATLAB对所设计的模糊控制器进行仿真和参数优化.发动机台架实验结果表明:该空燃比控制系统及其控制策略对于化油器发动机降低有害气体排放量,提高燃油经济性效果明显;基于模糊控制理论的研究方法对发动机的空燃比控制是快速、直接和有效的.     

基于观测器的不匹配未知输入系统的滑模控制

对具有不匹配时变未知输入的线性系统,研究了基于观测器的滑模控制器设计方法.首先,设计了一种与控制输入无关、能直接抵消未知输入影响的降维观测器.通过该观测器估计系统状态,并提出了一种未知输入代数重构方法,进而利用高增益滑模观测器给出了未知输入一阶微分的渐近估计方法.最后,提出了一种基于系统状态估计、未知输入重构及未知输入一阶微分估计滑模控制器新的设计方法,并通过仿真分析,论证了该方法的可行性和正确性.     

基于未知输入观测器的不匹配干扰系统滑模控制

针对具有不匹配未知干扰的非线性系统,研究基于状态估计和未知输入重构的控制问题.在状态可测和未知干扰已知假设下,提出了一种新滑模控制器设计方法,以达到输出渐近稳定;通过设计一种未知输入观测器,对系统的时变未知输入进行重构;基于高增益滑模观测器对未知干扰的微分和系统的输出微分信息进行了有限时间内的精确估计;设计了一种新的基于观测器的控制策略,并论证其可行性.利用一个实际模型验证该控制器的有效性.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~     

An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.