Geochemical study and significance of sequential extraction in reservoir rocks of Turpan-Hamin Basin

Seven samples collected from the Turpan-Hamin Basin were treated by sequential extraction method. Analytical results indicate that the free oils, inclusion oils (oil-bearing fluid inclusions) and clay-adsorbed oils vary significantly. The geochemical characteristics of inclusion and clay-adsorbed oils correlate well with the lacustrine mudstones. The characteristics are as follows: (i) with higher Ph/nC18 ratio and lower Pr/Ph ratio; (ii) with higher values of C26 tricyclic/C24 tetracyclic terpane, C23 tricyclic ter-pane/(C23 tricyclic terpane+C3017α(H) hopane), C21/(C21+C29) sterane, Ts/Tm and C29Ts/C29l7α(H) norhopane and lower value of C19/C21 tricyclic terpane; (iii) with relatively high content of C27 and C28 sterane and lower abundance of C29 sterane and diasterane. They indicate that the early charged oils are derived from the pre-Jurassic lacustrine mudstones and the later charged oils are from the Jurassic coal-bearing strata or coals.     

New evidence for the origin of natural gas in Ordos Basin from hydrocarbons of oil water

The chief aim of the present work is to investigate the controversy origin of natural gas in the Ordos Basin by using the hydrocarbons of oil water. New evidence has been found: There is relatively high content of light hydrocarbons and low content of heavy components in the hydrocarbons fraction of oil water in the middle gas field of the Majiagou Formation, Ordovician reservoir. The hydrocarbons of oil water in Well Shan 12 and Well Shan 78 have relatively high abundance of tricyclic terpane. Tricyclic terpane/hopane of the two samples are 1.48 and 0.36, respectively. They also show that pregnane and hompregnane are in relatively high abundance with lower hopane/sterane ratio. Pr/Ph is less than 2.0. These characteristics reflected the source input of marine carbonate sedimentary environment. In contrast, the hydrocarbon of Well Shan 81 is lack of tricyclic terpane series and pregnane. It has a high hopane/sterane ratio and Pr/Ph is 3.27. These parameters are typical character of terrestrial organic matter. Furthermore, the hydrocarbons of oil water in Well Shan 37 and Well Shan 34 is between the two typical situations. They have little content of tricyclic terpanes. They may be derived from a mixing source of marine carbonate and terrestrial organic matter input. Similarly, the maturity parameters approve this suggestion. The samples of Well Shan 12 and Well Shan 78 which derived from marine carbonate have relatively high maturity and samples derived from terrestrial organic matter have lower maturity. The maturity of the hydrocarbons of mixing source is between these two situations. The suggestion coincides with the geological background and source rocks distribution.     

安塞地区长10段原油地球化学特征及油源探讨

通过对安塞油田G52井长10段原油样品的地球化学分析,系统地研究了原油的分子标志化合物的分布特征,并且进行了油源对比.研究结果表明,长10段原油饱和烃中以低碳数正构烷烃分布为主,呈单峰态分布,主峰碳为nC21,无明显奇偶优势,规则甾烷中ααα20RC27,C28,C29呈"L"型分布,ββ构型甾烷丰度较高.萜烷系列中三环萜烷的丰度中等,五环三萜类中Ts,C29Ts以及18a(H)-重排藿烷的丰度明显偏高,伽马蜡烷指数较低,而常规的升藿烷系列化合物丰度不高,明显受成熟度的影响.由此表明长10段原油主要来源于淡水或微咸水的弱氧化-还原环境,是以低等水生生物或藻类输入为主的湖相烃源岩,而且已经达到高成熟阶段.G52井长10段与长6—长9段原油和研究区烃源岩生标分布以及相关参数对比表明,长10段原油与长9段烃源岩生物标志化合物特征具有相似性,初步认为长10段原油主要来自长9段烃源岩.     

Molecular fossils and oil-source rock correlations in Tarim Basin, NW China

The distribution of "molecular fossils" (bio-markers) of steroid compounds in extracts from some spe-cific geologic age in the Tarim Basin have been analyzed andare used as the fingerprints for the oil-source rock correla-tion. Having been affected by maturation, migration, phasefractionation and biodegradation, not any molecular fossilsrelated to source and environment can be used as the finger-prints for oil-source rock correlation. Some special bio-markers widely existed in the extracts from Cambrian andOrdovician rocks in the Tarim Basin and showed obviousdifference in each stratum, including dinosteranes (C₃₀),4-methyl-24-ethyl-cholestanes (C₃₀) and their aromatizedsteroids, C₂₄-norcholestanes and C₂₈ steranes originated fromdinoflagellates and diatom. Few oils such as the heavy oildrilled in the Cambrian reservoir from Tadong 2 well (TD2)correlated well with the extracts from the Cambrian. Theamazing similarity of the relative contents of these com-pounds between the marine oils produced in Tazhong andTabei uplifts and the extracts from the Upper Ordoviciansuggests that the Middle-Upper Ordovician is the very likelymain source for the marine oils.     

内蒙古乌达地区上古生界不同沉积环境煤系烃源岩分子地球化学特征及意义

内蒙古乌达地区上古生界煤系烃源岩主要在海陆过渡相和陆相沉积环境的控制下沉积而成。精选出五种沉积环境下形成的煤系烃源岩样品,深入研究其分子地球化学特征。研究表明,泛滥平原形成的烃源岩以高氧芴、高姥鲛烷、高C29规则甾烷、高C19三环萜烷和高C24四环萜烷为主要特征;河控三角洲除氧芴含量稍低,具有和泛滥平原沉积环境相似的地化特征;潮坪和泻湖相的烃源岩中伽马蜡烷、植烷含量均较高,C26+三环萜烷丰度相对较高,三环萜烷绝对浓度大,规则甾烷以C27占优势,硫芴含量相对较丰富;潮控三角洲除Pr/Ph较高外,其余生物标志物特征与潮坪、泻湖环境下的烃源岩相似。     

塔北轮南地区油气成因与成藏探讨

通过对塔里木轮南地区不同层位、不同部位原油烃类化学组成的剖析 ,认为该区原油至少可分为两种不同的成因类型 ,可能存在多成藏期次 .三叠系、侏罗系原油化学组成与分布均一 ,其与轮南中西部断垒、桑塔木断垒西部奥陶系原油性质极为接近 ,以低分子量正构烷烃占优势 ,重排补身烷与重排甾烷、三环萜烷及Ts不甚发育 ,C2 3 三环萜烷为主峰 ,相对低值C2 7/C2 9甾烷等为特征 (第I类 ) ,奥陶系原油还具有中性氮化合物含量高的特征 ;以两断垒带东部石炭系、奥陶系为代表的原油以高值饱芳比、正构烷烃主峰碳后移、高含量C15 重排倍半萜与重排甾烷、低含量中性氮化合物、C2 0 三环萜烷为主峰、相对高值C2 7/C2 9甾烷、甾烷 /藿烷、Ts/ (Ts+Tm)、三环萜 /五环萜值等为特征 (第Ⅱ类 ) .轮南地区原油类型不同由主系油源不同所致 .烃类与非烃类运移指标反映奥陶系、石炭系原油具有自西而东的运移趋势 ;三叠系原油具有不太明显的由北而南的运移趋势 .烃类指标反映三叠系、侏罗系与同类型奥陶系原油间的运移分馏效应不太明显 ,其可能来自相同的烃源岩但成烃与成藏期不同     

MCI分析法在确定油气成藏期次中的应用

介绍了流体包裹体分子成分 (MCI)分析技术及其特点 ,以塔里木盆地英南 2气藏为例 ,利用 MCI技术及其研究方法进行油气成藏期次的研究。对塔里木盆地英南 2现今气藏储层中的烃类 (凝析油与储层沥青 )以及气藏志留系与侏罗系储层成岩矿物中的含油包裹体分子进行了地球化学成分分析 ,对比研究含油包裹体分子地球化学成分和现今气藏中的烃类的分子地球化学成分。研究表明油包裹体分子成分与原油和储层沥青分子成分相似 ,反映它们来源相同 ,是同一期烃类充注的产物 ,英南 2气藏油气成藏期次为一期     

川东华蓥黄龙组沥青有机地球化学及油源对比

华蓥溪口镇石炭系黄龙组白云岩孔洞中充填大量固体沥青，野外采集了沥青及不同烃源岩层系样品，进行了沥青有机地球化学特征研究及来源分析。结果表明，黄龙组沥青白云岩有机碳含量较高，R_o为1.45%~1.48%，碳同位素-28.90‰（PDB），饱和烃及芳烃含量较低，以非烃为主；正构烷烃主峰碳为C₂₀，Pr/Ph为0.78~0.79，三环萜烷中C₂₃ > C₂₄ > C₂₁，三环萜烷/五环萜烷为0.82~1.06，甾烷中C₂₇ > C₂₉ > C₂₈，其中，C₂₇规则甾烷占优势，表明黄龙组沥青生烃母质以低等水生生物为主，为还原环境。萜烷参数及Ts/（Tm+Ts）均表明沥青成熟度较高。DBT/P为1.48~1.88，表明母岩可能为海相泥灰岩沉积。经生物标志物及沥青同位素综合对比，认为黄龙组固体沥青来自于龙马溪组页岩，氯仿沥青“A”抽提物具有混源特点，可能为龙马溪组页岩和栖霞组泥灰岩共同贡献的结果。     

准噶尔盆地西北缘玛北油田油源分析

准噶尔盆地玛北油田原油三环二萜烷C₂₀、C21和C₂₃的分布型式(上升型、山峰型、下降型和山谷型)与Pr/Ph、碳同位素、Ts/Tm、成熟度等存在良好关系。不同分布型式的原油在空间上具有上升型分布于油藏高部位,下降型分布于低部位的特点。表征三环二萜烷分布型式的C₂₀/C₂₃与试油获得的原油产量存在正相关,与原油密度存在负相关。综合分析得出,油气成藏顺序是上升型原油在先,下降型原油在后,山谷型原油是上升型和下降型原油混合的结果,上升型分布原油主要是下二叠统风城组烃源岩的贡献、下降型分布原油主要是下二叠统佳木河组烃源岩的贡献。     

鄂尔多斯盆地甘泉地区烃源岩分子地球化学特征

GC、GC-MS分析表明,甘泉地区延长组长4＋5、长6和长7各烃源岩有机质饱和烃色谱为单峰型,Pr/Ph值较高,γ蜡烷指数较低,规则甾烷αααRC27-C28-C29构型均表现为“V”字型或偏“V”字型,即C27＞ C28＜ C29,表明生物来源为混源型,为低等水生生物和高等植物双重贡献,其中长7水体较深,且低等水生生物占比重大,有机质类型偏腐泥型;各烃源岩沉积环境为较低咸度水体,有机质演化程度为成熟-高成熟阶段.     

闽西南凤山-赤坂场矽卡岩型萤石矿床地球化学特征及成因

闽西南凤山-赤坂场萤石矿主要产于晚侏罗世花岗质侵入岩与中二叠世栖霞组海相碳酸盐岩接触变质带中,通过对萤石及黑云母二长花岗岩围岩开展稀土元素地球化学及包裹体氢氧同位素研究,探讨了矿床的成因及成矿物质、流体来源。萤石稀土元素配分曲线特征和La/Ho-Y/Ho关系图表明凤山-赤坂场萤石矿体的成矿流体来自同一流体体系,成矿物源稳定且单一,为同期成矿。萤石和花岗岩围岩相近的Sm/Nd比值以及均具有δEu和δCe负异常特征,表明萤石成矿和二长花岗岩体有着十分密切的联系。结合萤石包裹体氢氧同位素结果,显示研究区萤石矿床成矿流体来源于岩浆水与大气降水的混合,成矿物质F和Ca元素来源于大气降水对围岩花岗岩和碳酸盐岩的淋滤和萃取,属于构造控制的岩浆期后气化-热液的低温热液充填萤石矿床。     

Reservoir petroleum inclusion GOR characteristics and geological significance from the Lunnan Low Uplift of the Tarim Basin

There were different opinions about the origin of petroleum property variations in the Lunnan Low Uplift of the Tarim Basin. In this paper, a software PVTsim was applied to investigate the compositions of the petroleum fluid inclusions in different sets of reservoir rocks from this area. The results show that there are three phases of petroleum inclusions in the Ordovician carbonate reservoirs and two types of petroleum inclusions in the Carboniferous and Tri-assic sandstone reservoirs. The three phases of the petroleum inclusions from the Ordovician reservoir rocks have similar compositions with the type 1 petroleum inclusion from the carboniferous and Triassic reservoir rocks, but the type 2 petroleum inclusion from the carboniferous and Triassic reservoirs is characterized by higher content of C1 and higher GOR values. With the combination of the geological background, it was inferred that the current petroleum pools in the Lunnan Low Uplift were formed mainly by two phases of petroleum charges, one is normal oils and another light oils, and both occurred during the late Tertiary. The light oils came from eastern-south direction, and migrated and charged into the reservoirs upward and toward northern west directions. On the basis of this, it was believed that the multiphases of the petroleum charges and some composition dissipation caused by the preserved condition changes would be the main reason of the petroleum property variations in the petroleum pools in this area.     

索尔库里盆地侏罗系烃源岩有机地球化学特征

在油气勘探中,烃源岩的研究占有重要组成部分。侏罗系烃源岩在索尔库里盆地主体部位广泛分布,面积3 875.7km~2,最大厚度300 m以上,分布在盆地中南部。对索尔库里盆地侏罗系烃源岩样品进行有机地球化学分析。通过研究生物标记化合物来分析有机质的类型、成熟度和沉积环境。结果表明:研究样品中饱和烃馏分含量较高,在33%~75%之间。烃源岩样品Pr/Ph分布范围在0.49~0.99之间,说明其具有还原沉积环境;三环萜烷/霍烷分布范围为0.27~2.64,r-/0.5C_(31)丰度平均值为0.34,具有明显的淡水沉积环境特征。样品规则甾烷均呈C_(27) C_(28) C_(29)的V字型分布,认为烃源岩以偏腐泥混合型母质为主。藿烷与甾烷的成熟度参数存在差异,说明了烃源岩可能受到微生物降解作用。因此,对索尔库里盆地侏罗系烃源岩的研究,为以后该区的油气勘探提供一定的科学依据。     

准噶尔盆地滴南地区原油地球化学特征及油源

对准噶尔盆地东道海子凹陷滴南地区的滴南1、滴南7、滴南8等井原油与烃源岩地球化学特征分析,探论该区油源关系。通过对原油的族组成、碳同位素、饱和烃色谱、甾萜烷化合物及轻烃参数、烃源岩的生物标志化合物的研究,结果表明：东道海子凹陷二叠系平地泉组烃源岩处于低成熟－成熟阶段,三环萜烷含量高,Ts＜Tm,γ蜡烷含量低,甾烷中 C27、C28、C29呈反“L”形分布。滴南地区二叠系原油和储层抽提物地球化学参数及甾萜烷特征与平地泉组烃源岩相似,具有亲缘关系。侏罗系原油具有侏罗系烃源岩来源的特征。     

聚类分析在油源对比研究中的应用

利用烃源岩、原油(包括油砂)的生物标记化合物的聚类分析研究原油(包括油砂)碳同位素,结果表明,三塘湖盆地的原油可以分成3类,第一类原油包括马朗凹陷的绝大部分和侏罗系的一部分,与中二叠统烃源岩有关;第二类原油主要分布于条湖凹陷,部分位于马朗凹陷,与下二叠统和石炭系烃源岩有关;第三类原油主要为油砂,相关性较差,可能受到了较强生物降解作用的影响.塘参1井侏罗系原油可能来源于下二叠统或石炭系.     

渤中凹陷西次洼浅层晚期快速充注成藏模式

渤中凹陷西次洼新近系油气资源丰富,成藏主控因素及成藏机理研究有待深入。通过烃源岩成熟度模拟、原油地球化学及油源关系分析、流体包裹体分布特征及均一温度测定,结合断层的封闭性能及疏导体系等成藏要素的综合分析,结果表明:渤中西次洼存在沙三、沙一-沙二与东三段3套烃源岩,其中沙三段为优质烃源岩,成熟度高;该区原油成熟度普较高,为烃源岩在生油高峰及后期生成的原油,主要与沙三段烃源岩相关;渤中8区新近系储层砂岩孔隙烃与油气包裹体发蓝白色荧光,油气包裹体丰度(GOI)普遍较低,主要为一期包裹体,均一温度表明油气主要充注期为3.5 Ma B.P.、1.0 Ma B.P.以后,为晚期快速充注成藏。在新构造运动活动期,持续快速生烃、供烃能力强的烃源灶、高效的断裂输导格架,为晚期快速成藏的主控因素;"高效供烃、主断控藏、浅层聚集"为该区油气成藏模式。     

Pool-formation and secondary change of biodegraded viscous oils: Case study of reservoir section in the Zhengjia-Wangzhuang Oilfield, Jiyang Depression

It is demonstrated by various geochemical indexes that the Zhengjia-Wangzhuang Oilfield with viscous crude oil in the Jiyang Depression has been sourced from the contribution of matured source rocks in the upper Es4. The principal cause leading to the densification of crude oils would be biodegradation, with the degradation level of crude oils being ranked as 2-8; vertically, the biodegradation level increases from the top to bottom of the oil column, with a distinctive biodegradation gradient occurring. Calculated parameters of sterane, terpane and methyl-phenanthrene have indicated that the source-rock's maturity of crude oils and asphaltic sands ranges from 0.7 to 0.9, and based on the calculation of Easy Ro model, the temperature of hydrocarbon generation in the source rock would be within 120-140℃, which coincides with the measurements of reservoir inclusions. The measured homogenization temperature would represent the generation temperature of the source rock, and be fairly different from that of reservoir while being charged with hydrocarbons, which reflects the hydrocarbon-charging to be a fast process, and the period of pool-formation to be consistent with that of peaked generation. According to the evaluation of generation history, the pool-formation could have been occurring in 7-15 Ma. And the biodegradation of crude oils in the study area would be considered to take place in 4-15 Ma based on the examination of biodegradation order and dynamic calculations.     

鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬地区长8油源分析

长8油层组是鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬地区最为有利的油气聚集层位之一,本文分析了姬塬地区长8油藏的甾萜烷生物标志化合物特征,探讨了原油成因,并进行油源对比。研究结果表明,原油δ13CPDB值介于-31.11%～-31.57%,与盆地中生界各产层湖相油型油一致。藿烷以C30藿烷占优势,位于北东运聚带上的原油含较高的C29藿烷,18a（H）-30-降新藿烷（C29Ts）次之,重排藿烷和伽马蜡烷含量较低;位于南西运聚区带上的原油C30重排藿烷相对丰度较高,C30重排藿烷与C29降藿烷的比值高（〉1.0）。甾烷中：规则甾烷含量高,含一定量的孕甾烷、升孕甾烷和重排甾烷,aβ和βa构型甾烷丰富,aaa-20R构型甾烷呈不对称＂V＂型分布。油源对比显示,姬塬地区长8油藏的原油形成于弱还原-弱氧化,淡水,微咸水环境,主要来自于长7油层组烃源岩。     

龙女寺构造须家河组天然气成藏主控因素

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