塔北轮南地区油气成因与成藏探讨

通过对塔里木轮南地区不同层位、不同部位原油烃类化学组成的剖析 ,认为该区原油至少可分为两种不同的成因类型 ,可能存在多成藏期次 .三叠系、侏罗系原油化学组成与分布均一 ,其与轮南中西部断垒、桑塔木断垒西部奥陶系原油性质极为接近 ,以低分子量正构烷烃占优势 ,重排补身烷与重排甾烷、三环萜烷及Ts不甚发育 ,C2 3 三环萜烷为主峰 ,相对低值C2 7/C2 9甾烷等为特征 (第I类 ) ,奥陶系原油还具有中性氮化合物含量高的特征 ;以两断垒带东部石炭系、奥陶系为代表的原油以高值饱芳比、正构烷烃主峰碳后移、高含量C15 重排倍半萜与重排甾烷、低含量中性氮化合物、C2 0 三环萜烷为主峰、相对高值C2 7/C2 9甾烷、甾烷 /藿烷、Ts/ (Ts+Tm)、三环萜 /五环萜值等为特征 (第Ⅱ类 ) .轮南地区原油类型不同由主系油源不同所致 .烃类与非烃类运移指标反映奥陶系、石炭系原油具有自西而东的运移趋势 ;三叠系原油具有不太明显的由北而南的运移趋势 .烃类指标反映三叠系、侏罗系与同类型奥陶系原油间的运移分馏效应不太明显 ,其可能来自相同的烃源岩但成烃与成藏期不同     

Sequential extraction and compositional analysis of oil-bearing fluid inclusions in reservoir rocks from Kuche Depression, Tarim Basin

The free oils, adsorbed oils and oil-bearing fluid inclusions have been extracted separately and analyzed by GC and GC-MS in reservoir rock samples collected from the Kuche Depression. The results demonstrate that the molecular compositions of oil-bearing fluid inclusions are significantly different from those of the free oils (the current oils). Compared with the current oil, the oil-bearing fluid inclusions are characterized by relatively high values of parameters Pr/nC17and Ph/nC18, low values of Pr/Ph, hopanes/steranes, C30-diahopane/C30-hopane and Ts/Tm, low content of C29Ts terpane and high maturities as indicated by C29 steranes 20S/(20R+20S). In addition, the oil-bearing fluid inclusions correlate very well with the oils in northern and central Tarim Basin, which were derived from Cambrian-Ordovician marine source rocks. The adsorbedoils appear to be an intermediate type between free oils and oil-bearing fluid inclusions. The above analytical data indicate that there are at least two oil-charging episodes for these reservoir rock samples. The early charging oils were derived from Cambrian-Ordovician marine source rocks, and the later charging oils, from Triassic-Jurassic terrestrial source rocks. The primary marine oils were overwhelmingly diluted by the following terrestrial oils.     

鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬地区长8油源分析

长8油层组是鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬地区最为有利的油气聚集层位之一,本文分析了姬塬地区长8油藏的甾萜烷生物标志化合物特征,探讨了原油成因,并进行油源对比。研究结果表明,原油δ13CPDB值介于-31.11%～-31.57%,与盆地中生界各产层湖相油型油一致。藿烷以C30藿烷占优势,位于北东运聚带上的原油含较高的C29藿烷,18a（H）-30-降新藿烷（C29Ts）次之,重排藿烷和伽马蜡烷含量较低;位于南西运聚区带上的原油C30重排藿烷相对丰度较高,C30重排藿烷与C29降藿烷的比值高（〉1.0）。甾烷中：规则甾烷含量高,含一定量的孕甾烷、升孕甾烷和重排甾烷,aβ和βa构型甾烷丰富,aaa-20R构型甾烷呈不对称＂V＂型分布。油源对比显示,姬塬地区长8油藏的原油形成于弱还原-弱氧化,淡水,微咸水环境,主要来自于长7油层组烃源岩。     

安塞地区长10段原油地球化学特征及油源探讨

通过对安塞油田G52井长10段原油样品的地球化学分析,系统地研究了原油的分子标志化合物的分布特征,并且进行了油源对比.研究结果表明,长10段原油饱和烃中以低碳数正构烷烃分布为主,呈单峰态分布,主峰碳为nC21,无明显奇偶优势,规则甾烷中ααα20RC27,C28,C29呈"L"型分布,ββ构型甾烷丰度较高.萜烷系列中三环萜烷的丰度中等,五环三萜类中Ts,C29Ts以及18a(H)-重排藿烷的丰度明显偏高,伽马蜡烷指数较低,而常规的升藿烷系列化合物丰度不高,明显受成熟度的影响.由此表明长10段原油主要来源于淡水或微咸水的弱氧化-还原环境,是以低等水生生物或藻类输入为主的湖相烃源岩,而且已经达到高成熟阶段.G52井长10段与长6—长9段原油和研究区烃源岩生标分布以及相关参数对比表明,长10段原油与长9段烃源岩生物标志化合物特征具有相似性,初步认为长10段原油主要来自长9段烃源岩.     

川东华蓥黄龙组沥青有机地球化学及油源对比

华蓥溪口镇石炭系黄龙组白云岩孔洞中充填大量固体沥青，野外采集了沥青及不同烃源岩层系样品，进行了沥青有机地球化学特征研究及来源分析。结果表明，黄龙组沥青白云岩有机碳含量较高，R_o为1.45%~1.48%，碳同位素-28.90‰（PDB），饱和烃及芳烃含量较低，以非烃为主；正构烷烃主峰碳为C₂₀，Pr/Ph为0.78~0.79，三环萜烷中C₂₃ > C₂₄ > C₂₁，三环萜烷/五环萜烷为0.82~1.06，甾烷中C₂₇ > C₂₉ > C₂₈，其中，C₂₇规则甾烷占优势，表明黄龙组沥青生烃母质以低等水生生物为主，为还原环境。萜烷参数及Ts/（Tm+Ts）均表明沥青成熟度较高。DBT/P为1.48~1.88，表明母岩可能为海相泥灰岩沉积。经生物标志物及沥青同位素综合对比，认为黄龙组固体沥青来自于龙马溪组页岩，氯仿沥青“A”抽提物具有混源特点，可能为龙马溪组页岩和栖霞组泥灰岩共同贡献的结果。     

内蒙古乌达地区上古生界不同沉积环境煤系烃源岩分子地球化学特征及意义

内蒙古乌达地区上古生界煤系烃源岩主要在海陆过渡相和陆相沉积环境的控制下沉积而成。精选出五种沉积环境下形成的煤系烃源岩样品,深入研究其分子地球化学特征。研究表明,泛滥平原形成的烃源岩以高氧芴、高姥鲛烷、高C29规则甾烷、高C19三环萜烷和高C24四环萜烷为主要特征;河控三角洲除氧芴含量稍低,具有和泛滥平原沉积环境相似的地化特征;潮坪和泻湖相的烃源岩中伽马蜡烷、植烷含量均较高,C26+三环萜烷丰度相对较高,三环萜烷绝对浓度大,规则甾烷以C27占优势,硫芴含量相对较丰富;潮控三角洲除Pr/Ph较高外,其余生物标志物特征与潮坪、泻湖环境下的烃源岩相似。     

松辽盆地朝长地区原油的地球化学特征

松辽盆地朝长地区原油的成熟度普遍较低,大多数原油仍保留正烷烃奇偶优势,这主要与半咸水咸水环境中藻类母质生源输入有关。长２０井的原油既具有正烷烃奇偶优势,又具有较低甾萜烷异构体比值,属于典型的低熟原油。从长２０井低熟原油中检测到了一定量的２８,３０二降藿烷,这说明源岩形成于极度厌氧的环境。此外,在原油中还发现了藿１７（２１）烯系列,这进一步揭示了原油的低熟性。其它原油虽具有正构烷烃的奇偶优势,但甾萜烷参数均比较高,可能为低熟油与成熟油的混合作用所致。     

准噶尔盆地滴南地区原油地球化学特征及油源

对准噶尔盆地东道海子凹陷滴南地区的滴南1、滴南7、滴南8等井原油与烃源岩地球化学特征分析,探论该区油源关系。通过对原油的族组成、碳同位素、饱和烃色谱、甾萜烷化合物及轻烃参数、烃源岩的生物标志化合物的研究,结果表明：东道海子凹陷二叠系平地泉组烃源岩处于低成熟－成熟阶段,三环萜烷含量高,Ts＜Tm,γ蜡烷含量低,甾烷中 C27、C28、C29呈反“L”形分布。滴南地区二叠系原油和储层抽提物地球化学参数及甾萜烷特征与平地泉组烃源岩相似,具有亲缘关系。侏罗系原油具有侏罗系烃源岩来源的特征。     

New evidence for the origin of natural gas in Ordos Basin from hydrocarbons of oil water

The chief aim of the present work is to investigate the controversy origin of natural gas in the Ordos Basin by using the hydrocarbons of oil water. New evidence has been found: There is relatively high content of light hydrocarbons and low content of heavy components in the hydrocarbons fraction of oil water in the middle gas field of the Majiagou Formation, Ordovician reservoir. The hydrocarbons of oil water in Well Shan 12 and Well Shan 78 have relatively high abundance of tricyclic terpane. Tricyclic terpane/hopane of the two samples are 1.48 and 0.36, respectively. They also show that pregnane and hompregnane are in relatively high abundance with lower hopane/sterane ratio. Pr/Ph is less than 2.0. These characteristics reflected the source input of marine carbonate sedimentary environment. In contrast, the hydrocarbon of Well Shan 81 is lack of tricyclic terpane series and pregnane. It has a high hopane/sterane ratio and Pr/Ph is 3.27. These parameters are typical character of terrestrial organic matter. Furthermore, the hydrocarbons of oil water in Well Shan 37 and Well Shan 34 is between the two typical situations. They have little content of tricyclic terpanes. They may be derived from a mixing source of marine carbonate and terrestrial organic matter input. Similarly, the maturity parameters approve this suggestion. The samples of Well Shan 12 and Well Shan 78 which derived from marine carbonate have relatively high maturity and samples derived from terrestrial organic matter have lower maturity. The maturity of the hydrocarbons of mixing source is between these two situations. The suggestion coincides with the geological background and source rocks distribution.     

Tricyclic aromatic diterpanes found in the Tertiary sediments and their geochemical significance

One monoaromatic tricyclic diterpane and two aromatic tricyclic diterpanes were found in three Iow-maturity source rocks and five crude oils of the Tertiary Shahejie Formation in ShengliOil Field. The compounds found include C19H28 (m/z 145, M+ 256) ring-C monoaromatic tricyclic terpane, C17H2o (m/Z 209, M+ 224) and C18H22 (m/z 223, M+ 238) rings-B,C diaromatic diterpanes.The results show that these compounds are biomarkers of immature organic matter with a stability sequence of C18H22>C17H20>C19H28. The cleavage of ring-D of pentacyclic triterpanoids, such as oleanene, hopene, fernene, ursene, in the early stage of diagenesis may be one of the origin pathways of rings-B, C diaromatic tricyclic diterpanes.     

东濮凹陷地区东营组低熟原油地球化学特征及油源分析

对东濮凹陷文留地区东营组原油的族组分、饱和烃色谱特征和生物标志化合物等资料的分析,结果表明东营组含油砂岩抽提物饱和烃一般在50%左右、非烃+芳烃为50%、沥青质一般小于5%;饱和烃同位素变化范围为-27.3‰~-28.1‰,族组分之间的碳同位素分馏效应小;饱和烃色谱特征差别较大。这主要是与原油不同深度时生物降解作用的程度有关。甾萜烷系列中C27和C29重排甾烷含量低,重排甾烷/规则甾烷的比值在0.1左右,C2920S/(20S+20R)为0.2~0.4,三环萜烷、四环萜烷含量低,Ts大于Tm,奥利烷与γ蜡烷含量高,反映了高盐度沉积环境下形成的未熟-低熟油特征。油源对比结果显示文留地区西部沙河街组第三段源岩与东营组油藏具有较好的亲源关系。     

准噶尔盆地西北缘玛北油田油源分析

准噶尔盆地玛北油田原油三环二萜烷C₂₀、C21和C₂₃的分布型式(上升型、山峰型、下降型和山谷型)与Pr/Ph、碳同位素、Ts/Tm、成熟度等存在良好关系。不同分布型式的原油在空间上具有上升型分布于油藏高部位,下降型分布于低部位的特点。表征三环二萜烷分布型式的C₂₀/C₂₃与试油获得的原油产量存在正相关,与原油密度存在负相关。综合分析得出,油气成藏顺序是上升型原油在先,下降型原油在后,山谷型原油是上升型和下降型原油混合的结果,上升型分布原油主要是下二叠统风城组烃源岩的贡献、下降型分布原油主要是下二叠统佳木河组烃源岩的贡献。     

准噶尔盆地南缘烃源岩生源特征及原油分类

以稳定碳同位素、饱和烃色谱、饱和烃色谱-质谱和热模拟生烃实验为主要手段,详细剖析了准噶尔盆地南缘地区侏罗系八道湾组、三工河组、西山窑组及古近系安集海河组烃源岩的生源特征,指出中下侏罗统煤系烃源岩生源以高等植物为主,沉积于偏氧化的淡水环境;古近系安集海河组湖相烃源岩生源以低等水生生物为主,沉积于较咸化的还原环境;侏罗系八道湾组湖相烃源岩热模拟产物的生物标志物特征说明其与煤系烃源岩存在很大差别,但真实特征尚难以确定.通过原油饱和烃的规则甾烷C29/C27以及伽马蜡烷/C30藿烷两相指标将盆地南缘20个原油或油苗分为三类;结合其生源和沉积环境特征,基本确定这三类原油分别来自中下侏罗统煤系烃源岩、古近系安集海河组湖相烃源岩以及二者的混源.     

关于2表为不同奇单位分数的和

记m=33×5×7×11×13×17×19×23×29×31×37,本文得到2的不同奇单位分数之和的分解式:2=1/3+1/5+1/7+1/9+1/(11)+1/(13)+1/(15)+1/(17)+1/(19)+1/(21)+1/(27)+1/(29)+…+1/(954 094 903 047)。式中共有4 074个奇单位分数,单位分数的分母分别为m的除了1,23,3×11×29,3×11×23×29×37,3×13×17×19×23×29×37,m/(51),m/(33),m/(31),m/(29),m/(27),m/(23),m/(21),m/(19),m/(17),m/(15),m/(13),m/(11),m/9,m/7,m/5,m/3,m共22个因数之外的其余全部因数,最大分母为m35。     

Discovery of low-mature hydrocarbon in manganese nodules and ooze from the Central Pacific deep sea floor

Extracts from manganese nodules and ooze from the Central Pacific deep sea floor were analyzed using the chromatogram-mass spectrum, and it was found that most of the biomarker molecules are of the low-mature type (some have characteristics of mature): the ratio of "A"/C is high between 11.4%-19.75%; CPI is 1.22-1.23; C31-22S/ (22S+22R) hopane is 0.59-0.60, Tm/Ts is 0.99-1.99; βα moretane/(αβ+βα) hopane is 0.12-0.14; C29 sterane 20S/(20S+20R) is 0.35-0.41; ββ/(ββ+αα) is 0.38-0.45; arene TA(I)/TA(I+II) is 0.16-0.21; methyl-phenanthrene index (MPI1) is 0.35-0.67. According to the geological settings of the sampling area and its organic geochemical characteristics, it is considered that the hydrothermal activities on the ocean floor facilitate the decomposition of organic matter in the sediment, which leads to the generation and migration of hydrocarbon into manganese nodules and ooze. This discovery is important for understanding the mechanisms of hydrocarbon generation in the ocean floor and for expanding the potential of oil and gas exploration in the ocean.     

青海木里冻土区煤系烃源岩饱和烃地球化学特征

随着天然气水合物的发现,祁连山冻土区成为勘探研究重点区块。通过系统的野外露头采样,在进行有机碳测试、镜质体反射率等常规地球化学分析的基础上,运用气相色谱-质谱分析技术,探讨了研究区烃源岩有机质的母质来源、沉积环境以及热演化程度。研究结果表明:研究区样品热演化程度均较高,主要处于高成熟阶段,且C25四环萜烷可能是研究区潜在的有机质高演化阶段特征性标志物。样品母质来源为陆源高等植物与低等水生生物的双重贡献。泥岩姥植比小于1.0、伽马蜡烷值小于0.2,形成于淡水还原环境;而煤样姥植比大于1.0,主要形成于偏氧化环境,以高等植物贡献为主。结合研究地区的沉积相,石炭系、二叠系主要为海陆交互相,侏罗系为湖沼相沉积,煤样可溶烃的生物标志物同样反映这一变化特征。     

Pool-formation and secondary change of biodegraded viscous oils: Case study of reservoir section in the Zhengjia-Wangzhuang Oilfield, Jiyang Depression

It is demonstrated by various geochemical indexes that the Zhengjia-Wangzhuang Oilfield with viscous crude oil in the Jiyang Depression has been sourced from the contribution of matured source rocks in the upper Es4. The principal cause leading to the densification of crude oils would be biodegradation, with the degradation level of crude oils being ranked as 2-8; vertically, the biodegradation level increases from the top to bottom of the oil column, with a distinctive biodegradation gradient occurring. Calculated parameters of sterane, terpane and methyl-phenanthrene have indicated that the source-rock's maturity of crude oils and asphaltic sands ranges from 0.7 to 0.9, and based on the calculation of Easy Ro model, the temperature of hydrocarbon generation in the source rock would be within 120-140℃, which coincides with the measurements of reservoir inclusions. The measured homogenization temperature would represent the generation temperature of the source rock, and be fairly different from that of reservoir while being charged with hydrocarbons, which reflects the hydrocarbon-charging to be a fast process, and the period of pool-formation to be consistent with that of peaked generation. According to the evaluation of generation history, the pool-formation could have been occurring in 7-15 Ma. And the biodegradation of crude oils in the study area would be considered to take place in 4-15 Ma based on the examination of biodegradation order and dynamic calculations.     

辽东湾地区烃源岩生物标志物特征与油源对比

利用烃源岩和原油的生物标志物参数,在有效识别和区分3套烃源岩的基础上通过油岩对比划分原油成因类型并探讨其分布特征.研究表明:3套烃源岩具有各自不同的生物标志物参数组合,沙一段烃源岩以其较高的w(伽马蜡烷)/w(C30藿烷)、长链三环萜烷比值(ETR)和较低的w(藿烷)/w(甾烷)区别于其他两套烃源岩;东三段烃源岩以相对较高的w(C19三环萜烷)/w(C23三环萜烷)、w(C24四环萜烷)/w(C26三环萜烷)和较低的w(4-甲基甾烷)/w(C29规则甾烷)区别于沙三段烃源岩;不同的生物标志物参数组合反映3套烃源岩具有不同的母质类型和沉积环境;辽东湾地区已发现的原油可划分为沙三型、沙三沙一混合型和东三型3种成因类型;沙三沙一混合型原油是辽东湾地区最主要的原油成因类型,广泛分布在凹陷内部和凸起;沙三型和东三型原油在局部地区分布,分布范围受烃源岩演化程度的控制.     

陇东子午岭林区芳香油植物资源研究

目的为合理开发利用和保护甘肃陇东子午岭林区芳香油植物资源提供科学依据。方法利用野外实际考察和已有研究资料进行研究。结果子午岭林区有芳香油植物29科63属80种。其中乔木11科16属21种,灌木11科13属17种,木质藤本3科3属5种,多年生草本9科17属21种,一年或二年生草本7科16属16种。详细总结出了它们的生物性状、芳香部位和用途,提出了子午岭林区芳香油植物在开发利用上存在的问题及对策。结论甘肃陇东子午岭林区茅香油植物资源丰富,合理开发和利用值得深入研究。     

Sedimentary environment indicators: Benzothiazole and its derivatives

Benzothiazoles distributional characteristics of crude oils and non-hydrocarbon fractions of source rocks in Mangya depression of the Qaidam Basin, Lunnan oil field in the Tarim Basin, Kelamayi oil field in the Junggar Basin and the Tulufan Basin oil field were analyzed. It was found that the distributions of benzothiazole are remarkable diversity in different sedimentary environmental oils. The swamp crude oils contain high quantity of benzothiazole and relatively high quantity of alkylthio-benzothiazole and 2(3H)-benzothiazolone. But the quantity of the 2,2′-dithiobis- benzothiazole is relatively low. The abundance of benzothiazole and 2,2′-dithiobis-benzothiazole are relatively high in semi-brackish water lacustrine crude oils, but the quantity of alkylthio-benzothiazole and 2(3H)-benzothiazolone are relatively low. The benzothiazoles belong to weak acid and mild base compound, and their stabilization conditions relate to their environmental medium. The nitrogenous bases are in favor of alkalescence environment, while weak acid nitrogenous compounds are the main stable products under the weak acid environment. Benzothiazoles have great significance in identifying the oil- and gas-formed environment and the geochemistry study of non-hydrocarbon fraction in the future.