阿维链霉菌中转录因子AveR对阿维菌素生物合成的正调节

aveR是阿维链霉菌NRRL 8165阿维菌素生物合成基因簇中唯一可能的调节基因.为了验证aveR是否参与阿维菌素生物合成基因的转录调节,构建了用于敲除aveR的基因置换质粒pJTU2530,并通过接合转移引入了阿维链霉菌.通过筛选ThioSAprR转化子,经聚合酶链式反应(PCR)扩增验证,获得了aveR内部1 320 bp区域被阿泊拉霉素抗性基因aac(3)IV替换的突变株ZD10.高压液相色谱检测表明,与野生型菌株相比,突变株ZD10不再产生阿维菌素,并且ZD10中寡霉素的产量明显高于野生型菌株.进一步的反转录PCR(RT-PCR)分析表明,与野生型菌株相比,突变株ZD10的聚酮合酶基因aveA3不再转录.结果显示,AveR是阿维菌素生物合成的正调节因子,通过调节结构基因的转录表达来影响阿维菌素的产生.     

林可霉素转运蛋白基因lmrC的功能分析

为了研究腺苷三磷酸结合盒转运蛋白LmrC是否参与林可霉素的生物合成,通过同源重组在林可霉素高产菌株LC-G中构建了lmrC的缺失突变株XJJ7.高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析和抗性检测显示,相比出发菌株LC-G,XJJ7的林可霉素产量下降了55%,而且耐受林可霉素的最高质量浓度降低了50%.进一步实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(PCR)分析发现,突变株XJJ7中林可霉素生物合成基因lmbA和lmbR的转录明显低于LC-G,但调控基因lmbU的转录不变.在LC-G中lmrC的过表达不能进一步提高产量,也不影响lmbA、lmbR和lmbU基因的转录,但过表达菌株对林可霉素的抗性显著增强.结果表明,lmrC可以通过影响生物合成基因的转录来调节林可霉素的产生,并赋予产生菌一定的抗性.     

常压室温等离子体(ARTP)诱变及高通量筛选维生素B_(12)高产菌株

采用常压室温等离子体(atmospheric and room temperature plasma,ARTP)诱变脱氮假单胞菌(Pseudomonas denitrificans)并从中筛选高产维生素B12突变株,确定等离子诱变最优处理时间75,s、输出功率100,W.通过流式细胞仪并结合核糖开关(riboswitch)感应元件检测其荧光值以初筛诱变后高产菌株,并利用48孔板高通量培养发酵,酶标仪快速检测维生素B_(12)产量,建立完整的诱变后高通量筛选体系.通过4轮ARTP诱变,筛选得到的突变株PA320-M4-1B1在250,mL摇瓶发酵6,d的条件下,维生素B_(12)产量达到(103.2±2.1)mg/L,较初始菌株PA320的(71.9±1.8)mg/L提高了43.8%,且遗传性状稳定.     

铜绿假单胞菌中丙氨酸消旋酶的酶学特性及菌株检测

铜绿假单胞菌为条件致病菌,是目前各种医院内感染最广泛、最严重的致病菌之一.以分离自公共场所洗手液的菌株6-3为研究对象,其16S rRNA基因与Pseudomonas aeruginosa DSM 50071的16S rRNA基因的一致性为99.8%,初步确定其为铜绿假单胞菌;根据同源蛋白的核苷酸序列设计菌株6-3中丙氨酸消旋酶的扩增引物,通过PCR从6-3菌株中克隆获得了丙氨酸消旋酶基因(alrPa),基因序列与P. aeruginosa PAO1中丙氨酸消旋酶Alr_(PAO1)的氨基酸同源率为98.9%,存在4个不一致的氨基酸位点;经原核表达、Ni-NTA亲和层析法纯化获得了蛋白PaAlr,酶学特性分析表明,重组蛋白PaAlr的最适反应温度为40℃,最适反应pH=10.0;最适底物是L-Ala,具有严格的底物特异性,K_(m,L-Ala)=10.96mmol/L,V_(max,L-Ala)=1 562μmol/(L·min),K_(m,D-Ala)=8.45mmol/L,V_(max,D-Ala)=881.9μmol/(L·min),其最大反应速率约为Alr_(PAO1)的7倍;以铜绿假单胞菌中丙氨酸消旋酶为检测对象,以PCR和Western-blotting 2种方法对铜绿假单胞菌进行检测,实验发现,在目的基因序列已知的前提下,采用PCR法具有较好的检测灵敏性和专一性.     

Lactococcus lactis N8 fhuR基因的突变及其生物学功能的研究

利用人工Mu转座技术获得Lactococcus lactis N8菌株的fhuR基因插入突变株(L.lactis N8:△fhuR).对突变株和野生株进行了nisin产量生物测定,nisin荧光定量检测以及nisin耐受性检测.结果表明突变株的生长情况、nisin总体产量、单个细胞nisin表达量以及菌体对nisin耐受性相对于野生株都明显降低.在培养基中补加甲硫氨酸和半胱氨酸可使该突变株的生长状态、nisin总体产量及菌体对nisin的耐受性水平得到不同程度的回复.乳酸菌Biolog和生化鉴定的结果显示突变株在一些营养物质的利用上与野生株存在着重大差异.这些结果表明fhuR基因在nisin生物合成过程中具有重要作用.     

沙棘ω-6脂肪酸去饱和酶基因的分子进化

运用生物信息学分析手段和在线数据库,对沙棘ω-6脂肪酸去饱和酶基因进行综合分析。结果显示:该基因全长为1 562 bp,开放读码框为1 152 bp;编码383个氨基酸,分子量为44 010.5道尔顿;等电点为8.63,带正电荷侧链的氨基酸与带负电荷侧链的氨基酸比例为29∶34;氨基酸组成中亮氨酸占10.7%,缬氨酸占7.8%,丙氨酸占6.8%;不稳定指数为36.73,脂肪指数为89.58,总平均疏水指数为-0.016,为亲水蛋白;其二级结构以无规则卷曲与折叠为主,属膜蛋白,有3个酪氨酸激酶II磷酸化位点、2个N-肉豆蔻酰化位点、4个蛋白激酶C磷酸化位点、3个N-糖基化位点、1个酪氨酸激酶磷酸化位点和1个微体C-端定位信号;该蛋白为质膜-脂肪酸去饱和酶域超家族蛋白(Membrane-FADS-like superfamily)。功能预测分析结果显示与其他物种的该去饱和酶特性相一致。     

牛结核分支杆菌临床分离株rpsL，rpoB，KatG基因突变分析

采用噬菌体生物扩增法对本实验室分离鉴定的25株奶牛结核分支杆菌进行药敏分析,检测出14株耐链霉素、利福平、异烟肼菌株．用PCR扩增耐药株的rpsL基因片段（370bp）、rpoB基因片段（213bp）和KatG基因片段（458bp）,并对目的片段进行测序分析,其中5株耐链霉素菌株的rpsL基因在43位点发生突变,均由赖氨酸密码子（AAG）突变为精氨酸密码子（AGG）;5株利福平耐药株的rpoB基因在531位点、526位点、5¨位点发生突变,其中有3株分离株的rpoB基因在531位点发生点突变,1株分离株的rpoB基因在526位点发生突变,1株分离株的rpoB基因在531位点和511位点发生了较为少见的联合突变;4株异烟肼耐药菌株,其中2株在315位点发生碱基突变,2株在463位点发生碱基突变．     

成孢延迟蛋白基因对枯草芽孢杆菌生物量和发酵酶活力的影响

探讨同种相噬对枯草芽孢杆菌内源酶发酵活力的影响.应用同源重组敲除的方法,构建了枯草芽孢杆菌168菌株的编码成孢延迟蛋白毒素前体的基因sdp C的knock-in突变株,比较了突变株和出发菌株的生物量、芽孢数和α-淀粉酶发酵活力.与出发菌株相比,突变株的生物量、芽孢数和α-淀粉酶发酵活力均显著提高,产酶高峰期酶活力提高23%.本研究结果显示,sdp基因突变不仅能够提高枯草芽孢杆菌的生物量,还能够提高其内源酶的发酵活力.     

Red/ET重组AHBA生物合成基因簇打靶载体的构建与鉴定

为确定3-氨基-5-羟基-苯甲酸(AHBA)生物合成基因簇在链霉菌中与次生代谢产物的关系,运用PCR技术,从33株AHBA合酶基因阳性菌株扩增与AHBA生物合成基因簇中编码AHBA合酶(A)、氧化还原酶(O)、磷酸化酶(P)基因,获得24株AOP基因阳性菌株.根据靶基因A基因下游和P基因上游同源序列设计50 bp引物,中间插入卡那霉素抗性基因的DNA片段,进行PCR,获得外源DNA片段.经过电转化,将外源DNA片段和pKC1139-AOP重组质粒共转入含重组酶质粒大肠杆菌HS996/ pSC101-BAD-gba-(Tet).在Red重组酶的作用下,外源DNA片段与重组质粒pKC1139-AOP上的AHBA基因簇的同源区域重组,构建了AHBA基因簇打靶载体.研究显示了Red/ET重组工作效率高、操作简单、精确的优点,可大大缩短构建打靶载体的时间.     

产木聚糖酶海洋微生物的筛选与诱变育种

以自制木聚糖为初筛培养基的唯一碳源,从多个海洋来源样品中一共筛到60株有透明圈且形态各异的菌株,摇瓶发酵结果显示,38株具有产木聚糖酶能力,其中B659菌株产酶能力最高,酶活力为525.3 U·m L-1.结合B659菌株的形态特征和16S r DNA序列分析鉴定该菌株属于Bacillus属.对B659菌株进行紫外诱变,筛选得到酶活提高13.9%且稳定遗传的突变菌株G3-17;对G3-17菌株进一步进行微波诱变得到酶活较G3-17菌株高出11.6%且稳定遗传的突变菌株W1-40.对B659菌株和W1-40突变菌株进行发酵试验,72 h时W1-40菌株的酶活力达到645.2 U·m L-1,比B659菌株(517.9 U·m L-1)提高24.6%.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.