应用RAPD技术对新疆布顿大麦遗传多样性的研究

利用RAPD分子标记，通过40条10碱基随机引流，对32份新疆布顿大麦进行了遗传多样性评价。在40个10碱基随机引物中，有22个引物（占55％）的扩增产物具有多态性，每条多态性引物能产生1－7条多态性DNA带纹。40个引物共扩增227条带，其中95条（占41．9％）具有多态性，平均每条引物能产生1．7条多态性DNA带纹。基于RAPD技术计算了32份布屯大麦间的遗传相似系数（GS）变化值为0．427－0．848，平均值为0．681，利用不完全加权算术平均数（UPGMA），采用1－GS矩阵对其进行遗传聚类，结果表明，RAPD标记将32份参试材料区分为3类（或亚类），来源于新疆北部的20份材料有17份材料（占85％）聚入Ib亚类，而第Ia亚类则主要来自于新疆中部的一些材料。研究表明，RAPD标记揭示的新疆布顿大麦间的遗传多样性与其地理来源紧密相关。     

31种石斛属植物的RAPD遗传多样性分析

采用随机扩增多态性DNA技术对31种石斛属植物的遗传多样性进行分析.从100条RAPD引物中共筛选出18条引物,18条引物共扩增出1802条带,其中多态性位点有261个,多态性比为99.2％.UPGMA 聚类结果显示,基因型之间的相似系数分布于0.642～0.838之间,31种石斛属植物样品分为7类.聚类分析显示供试样...     

100份中国冬瓜种质资源农艺性状与遗传多样性研究

冬瓜（Benincasa hispida Cogn）,属于葫芦科(Cucurbitaceae)冬瓜属一年生植物,具有明显药用和保健价值。国内对冬瓜种质资源的系统研究较少,分类标准模糊不一。对我国100份冬瓜种质资源的熟性与果实特征进行详细的研究与分析,并利用隶属函数进行冬瓜的熟性、果形的分类。首次利用模糊数学方法提出冬瓜的熟性、大小与果形分类的量化指标。采用RAPD分子标记技术分析中国冬瓜种质资源。挑选11条RAPD引物对这些资源进行遗传多样性分析。共扩出74 带,其中有多态性位点30个。采用UPGMA聚类分析它们的亲缘关系,这些冬瓜品种资源的相似系数在0.703-0.986之间。     

Genetic diversity and geographic pattern of wild lotus （Nelumbo nucifera） in Heilongjiang Province

1MATERIALS AND METHODS1.1PLANT MATERIALS FROM AUGUST TO SEPTEMBER IN2004,WE TRAVELED EX-TENSIVELY IN HEILONGJIANG PROVINCE LOOKING FOR THE WILD LOTUS.THE WILD LOTUS WAS FOUND AT40LOCALITIES AND49ACCESSIONS OF SAMPLES WERE COLLECTED AT THESE LOCALITIES(FIG…     

榛子种质资源遗传多样性的RAPD分析

利用RAPD分子标记技术，对来自欧洲、美国和我国北方的共48份榛子品种或品系（包括4个种及种间杂种）的遗传多样性进行了分析．从150条随机引物中筛选出24条引物，共扩增出142条清晰可重复的带，其中多态性带130条，比例为91．5％．聚类分析将48份榛子种质分为5组：欧榛、平榛各自列为1组；杂交榛分成2个组；另外一组包括滇榛和藏榛2份种质．研究结果对榛子的种间亲缘关系进行了验证，且为同种不同品种的亲缘关系提供了更为详细的信息．     

枯萎病尖孢镰刀菌的RAPD-PCR多态性分析

利用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD PCR),对采自我省不同地区、不同寄主和同一寄主不同植株的瓜类枯萎病原菌尖孢镰刀菌进行遗传多样性分析,筛选到6个多态性随机引物,共产生了72条RAPD带,其中86.11%具有多态性;通过聚类分析,将供试菌株分为4个RAPD组,确定了菌株间的亲缘关系,为瓜类枯萎病原菌尖孢镰刀菌的分类提供有利的分子证据.     

中国黑子南瓜种质资源遗传多态性分析

用从100个10mers随机引物中筛选出的13个具有特异多态性引物对黑子南瓜种质资源遗传多态性进行了RAPD(Randomam plified polymorphic DNA)分析．结果表明,RAPD对中国南瓜种、印度南瓜种、美洲南瓜种及黑子南瓜种的分类与传统分类学的结果相符．我国现有栽培黑子南瓜在DNA水平上的同源性极高,种质资源的遗传变异度较小,多样性水平较低,不如其它三个南瓜种多态性丰富．     

青藏高原栽培青稞SSR标记遗传多样性研究

利用SSR标记评估了64份青藏高原栽培青稞的遗传多样性。选择的30个SSR标记中,22个标记扩增良好且具有多态性,每位点检测出的等位基因数为2~15个,共检测出等位基因132个,平均6.0个;各多态位点检测出基因型为2~11种,多态信息指数为0.16~0.91,平均为0.65。这些表明青藏高原栽培青稞具有丰富的遗传多样性。同时发现,青藏高原栽培青稞在麦芽性状、淀粉性状、病虫及裸粒等重要农艺性状存在丰富的变异,是遗传育种的宝贵资源库。不同来源的群体材料的遗传多样性不同,具有区域特异稀有基因。聚类分析将材料分为四组,材料聚类与材料来源地和生长习性无相关性。聚类图显示了不同材料间的遗传距离或遗传相似程度,可为材料选择提供参考。     

中国特有极度濒危植物猪血木的保护遗传学研究

应用RAPD标记分析了广东阳春八甲镇猪血木Euryodendron excelsumH.T.Chang种群全部14个个体的遗传变异和进化关系.23个引物共检测到156个位点,其中多态位点95个,多态位点比率60.90%.根据所得数据求出的观察等位基因数为1.609 0、有效等位基因数为1.347 1、Nei基因多样性为0.199 3、Shannon多样性指数为0.153 4.猪血木还保留有比较丰富的遗传多样性.对Jaccard相似性系数用UPGMA法进行聚类分析表明,猪血木个体明显地分为2个亚群,其中2号个体同其他成员的遗传关系疏远.RAPD谱带表型的主成分分析(PCA)支持聚类分析结果.根据这些结果讨论了种群的管理和保护策略.     

野生垂穗披碱草种质的醇溶蛋白遗传多样性研究

用酸性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（A-PAGE）对采集自中国青海、西藏、四川、甘肃、新疆的64份垂穗披碱草（Elymus nutans Griseb．）材料进行了多态性分析,结果表明：（1）供试材料共分离出42条带纹,多态率达90．48%,材料间遗传相似系数（GS）变化范围为0．320～1．000,平均GS值为0．631．说明供试垂穗披碱草材料具有较为丰富的醇溶蛋白遗传多样性;（2）对所有材料的聚类分析和主向量分析（PCoA）发现,在GS值为0．59的水平上供试材料可聚成六个类群,大部分来自相同或相似生态地理环境的材料聚为一类,即供试材料的醇溶蛋白图谱类型与材料的生态地理环境具有一定的相关性．     

唐鱼野生与养殖群体遗传多样性的随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)分析

应用随机扩增DNA多态性(RAPD)技术对唐鱼野生与养殖群体的遗传多样性进行了分析。从40个10BP引物中选取15个用于群体遗传多样性分析,共检测出93个位点,其中46个(49.46%)呈多态;两群体的多态位点比例分别为43.01%和41.94%;用香农指数量化的遗传多样性指数,野生群体(0.23)略高于养殖群体(0.20),平均遗传多样性指数为0.22,群体内和群体间的遗传变异比例分别为85%和15%;群体的遗传相似度高达0.96,彼此间的遗传距离仅为0.04。研究表明,唐鱼目前的种质资源状况令人堪忧,恢复唐鱼有效种群大小、丰富物种遗传多样性是资源保护的基础。     

Genetic relationships among Chinese and American isolates of Phytophthora sojae assessed by RAPD markers

The genetic diversity of three geographic populations of Phytophthora sojae from China and the United States was determined using random amplified polymorphic DNA （RAPD）. The purpose was to explore genetic relationships among Chinese and American isolates of the organism. 21 random primers were selected among 200 random primers screened. A total of 223 reproducible RAPD fragments were scored among 111 individuals, of which 199 （89.23%） were polymorphic. Analysis of genetic variation showed that there existed higher genetic variation in the United States population in comparison to the Chinese populations. Nei＇s genetic identity and principal component analysis indicated that the populations of Fujian and United States are closer to each other than to Heilongjiang populations. Shannon-Wiener diversity index revealed that the United States populations have a higher genetic di- versity than that of Chinese populations. These data are in support of the hypothesis that P. sojae in the United States might not have been introduced from China.     

应用RAPD鉴定红菇组织分离菌株的探索试验

用组织分离技术从野生红菇（Ｒｕｓｓｕｌａ ｓｐ．）子实体中中分离得３个菌株。用随机扩增多态性ＤＮＡ（ＲＡＰＤ）对红菇子实体和分离菌株的ＤＮＡ多样性进行分析,以确定３个分离菌株与子实体之间的亲缘关系。实验使用１６个随机引物检测４０多个位点,计算它们之间的相似性。实验结果表明３个分离菌株和红菇子实体之间的ＤＮＡ相似性非常高,红菇子实体和对照菌株「凤尾菇（Ｐｌｅｕｒｏｔｕｓ ｓａｊｏｒ－ｃａｊｕ）和金针     

西藏石榴野生群体的SSR遗传多样性分析

【目的】调查西藏地区野生石榴种质资源,分析西藏野生石榴群体的遗传多样性和遗传结构,为野生石榴资源的保护和利用提供理论依据。【方法】使用13对SSR引物对3个自然群体共42份西藏地区野生石榴种质资源材料DNA进行PCR扩增,毛细管电泳检测扩增片段长度,使用GenAlEx和Arlequin等软件对SSR数据进行分析。【结果】13对引物共检测到44个等位基因,平均3.385个,引物的平均有效等位基因数(N_e)、香农信息指数(I)、期望杂合度(H_e)和多态信息量(PIC)分别为1.971、0.771、0.481和0.393。3个野生群体的平均有效等位基因数(N_e)、平均香农信息指数(I)和平均期望杂合度(H_e)分别为1.867、0.646和0.421,林芝b(LZb)群体的遗传多样性水平高于其他2个群体。AMOVA分析表明,群体内遗传变异高达88.43%,3个群体间的遗传分化系数(F_st)为0.116。种质聚类分析将供试种质划分为3个亚群,结果与种质地理来源具有一定关联性。遗传结构分析显示西藏野生石榴有4个可能的基因库来源。【结论】13对SSR引物可用于西藏野生石榴种质的遗传多样性等研究。西藏野生石榴种质的遗传变异主要存在于群体内;林芝b(LZb)群体遗传多样性最高,遗传结构复杂,且含有最多的野生种质采样点,可予以优先保护。     

葡萄的随机扩增多态性DNA研究

采用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)对11个样品进行了研究．这11个品种包含1个欧美杂交种，一个中国野生种(Vitis．piasezkii Var．pagnucii)，9个欧亚种(Vitis．vinifera L)．选择了多态性好的7个10碱基寡聚糖核苷酸作为随机扩增的引物，在琼脂糖凝胶电泳上产生了76条带，其中63条具有多态性．各引物产生的条带从6到13不等，平均为10．86条／模板，其中9条具有多态性，表明葡萄基因的多态性十分丰富．通过遗传相似性分析表明11个葡萄基因的Nei氏相似性系数分布为0．1027-1．1787，平均相似系数为0．459．通过非加权算术平均数聚类法，获得了11个葡萄品种之间的遗传关系树图，欧亚种群，东亚种群和欧美杂种在遗传关系树图上被成功地聚为3组．本实验发现欧亚种和欧美杂种亲缘关系较近，而和中国野生种亲缘关系远．在欧亚种中，520A和S04的遗传距离最近，其次是井川1010和美人指，最大的遗传距离发生在桑无核和其他欧亚种之间．     

Genetic diversity, geographic differentiation and evolutionary relationship among ecotypes of Glycine max and G. soja in China

The knowledge of origin and evolution of cultivated soybeans is one of the basic issues in both biology and agronomy of the crop. In order to investigate the nuclear and cytoplasmic genetic diversity, geographic differentiation and genetic relationship among geographic ecotypes of cultivated （Glycine max） and wild （G. soja） soybeans, the allelic profiles at 60 nuclear simple-sequence repeat （nuSSR） loci and 11 chloroplastic SSR （cpSSR） loci evenly distributed on whole genome of 393 landraces and 196 wild accessions from nation-wide growing areas in China were analyzed. （i） The genetic diversity of the wild soybean was obviously larger than that of the cultivated soybean, with their nuSSR and cpSSR alleles as 1067 vs. 980 and 57 vs 44, respectively. Of the 980 nuclear alleles detected in the cultivated soybean, 377 new ones （38.5%） emerged, while of the 44 chloroplastic alleles in the cultivated soybean, seven new ones （15.9%） emerged after domestication. （ii） Among the cultivated geographic ecotypes, those from southern China, including South-Central China, Southwest China and South China possessed relatively great genetic diversity than those from northern China, while among the wild geographic ecotypes, the Middle and Lower Changjiang Valleys wild ecotype showed the highest genetic diversity. （iii） The analysis of molecular variance, association analysis between geographic grouping and molecular marker clustering and analysis of specific-present alleles of ecotypes demonstrated that the geographic differentiation of both cultivated and wild soybeans associated with their genetic differentiation, or in other words, had their relevant genetic bases. （iv） The cluster analysis of all accessions clearly showed that the wild accessions from Middle and Lower Changjiang Valleys and South-Central ＆ Southwest China had relatively small genetic distances with all cultivated accessions. The UPGMA dendrogram among geographic ecotypes further showed that the genetic distances between all cultivated ecotypes and the Middle and Lower Changjiang Valleys wild ecotype were smaller than those with other wild ones, including their local wild counterparts. Therefore, it is inferred that the wild ancestors in southern China, especially those from Middle and Lower Changjiang Valleys might be the common ancestor of all the cultivated soybeans.     

几种中国栽培灵芝品种的RAPD及rDNA分子标记鉴定

以常见几种中国栽培灵芝菌株为研究材料,运用RAPD、18SrDNA和ITS 3种分子标记来分析各灵芝菌株之间的亲缘关系,同时比较3种分析结果,探索适于灵芝属研究的技术方法。RAPD分析结果表明,6种菌株在相似性系数为0.584的水平上聚为3类:Ganodermaluidun、GanodermaluidumHG、Ganodermasinenses和Ganodermaatrum为一类;Xuezhi和Coriolusversicolor各单归为一类。ITS分析结果显示,灵芝菌株间相似性较低(43.8%～88.0%),其中Ganodermasinenses和Xuezhi的相似性为43.8%,在较低相似性水平上,Ganodermaluidun和Ganodermasinenses归为一类,Coriolusversicolor和Xuezhi各单归为一类,这与RAPD分析结果一致,也与传统分类结果基本一致。18SrDNA分子标记显示的结果与前两种分析结果有很大差异,说明18SrDNA分子标记并不适合灵芝属的分类研究。     

咸宁地区部分桂花品种的ISSR分析

以咸宁地区48份桂花栽培品种为试材进行ISSR分析.结果表明:用筛选出的11条稳定性强、多态性丰富及条带清晰的ISSR引物进行PCR扩增,共获得81条谱带,其中多态性谱带70条,多态性比率为86.4%;采用NTSYSpc2.10e软件计算,供试材料相似系数在0.41~0.97之间,表明咸宁地区桂花资源多样性丰富;UPGMA聚类分析显示,四季桂与秋桂(包括银桂、丹桂、金桂)遗传距离较大.四季桂从9月份开始开花,一直到第二年4月份可以多次开花,而秋桂类于9月或10月一般集中开花1~2次,说明桂花亲缘关系的远近与其开花习性具有一定的相关性.     

基于RAPD标记的罗布麻野生居群遗传多样性分析

利用RAPD技术对采自我国8个省份的9个罗布麻野生居群进行遗传多样性分析.从80条随机引物中筛选出17条引物,共扩增出157条带,其中多态性带108条.物种水平的多态位点百分率(PPB)为68.79%,Nei’s基因多样性指数H为0.2296,Shannon’s多态性信息指数I为0.3390.居群间的遗传分化系数Gst为0.8841,即11.59%的遗传变异来自于居群内,88.41%的遗传变异来自于居群间,居群间的遗传分化水平远高于居群内.居群间遗传距离与聚类结果显示各居群间的亲缘关系与地理分布不完全相关.针对现有罗布麻的遗传多样性现状,建议加强对现有自然居群的保护.     

Genetic diversity and construction of core collection in Chinese wheat genetic resources

Genetic diversity among 5029 accessions representing a proposed Chinese wheat core collection was analyzed using 78 pairs of fluorescent microsatellite （SSR） primers mapped to 21 chromosomes. A stepwise hierarchical sampling strategy with priority based on 4×10^5 SSR data-points was used to construct a core collection from the 23090 initial collections. The core collection consisted of 1160 accessions, including 762 landraces, 348 modern varieties and 50 introduced varieties. The core accounts for 23.1% of the 5029 candidate core accessions and 5% of the 23090 initial collections, but retains 94.9% of alleles from the candidate collections and captures 91.5% of the genetic variation in the initial collections. These data indicate that it is possible to maintain genetic diversity in a core collection while retaining fewer accessions than the accepted standard, i.e., 10% of the initial collections captured more than 70% of their genetic diversity. Estimated genetic representation of the core constructed by preferred sampling （91.5%） is much higher than that by random sampling （79.8%）. Both mean genetic richness and genetic diversity indices of the landraces were higher than those of the modern varieties in the core. Structure and principal coordinate analysis revealed that the landraces and the modern varieties were two relatively independent subpopulaUons. Strong genetic differentiation associated with ecological environments has occurred in the landraces, but was relatively weak in the modern culUvars. In addition, a mini-core collection was constructed, which consisted of 231 accessions with an estimated 70% representation of the genetic variation from the initial collections. The mini-core has been distributed to various research and breeding institutes for detailed phenotyping and breeding of genetic introgression lines.