基于反滴加-共沉淀法的水基Fe3O4磁流体制备及性能表征

用化学共沉淀法制备了Fe3O4纳米微粒,并用聚乙二醇(PEG)为表面活性剂进行表面修饰,制备稳定的水基Fe3O4磁流体,考察加料方式、铁盐浓度、表面活性剂用量等条件对Fe3O4纳米微粒粒径的影响,并用红外光谱及X射线衍射表征磁性颗粒的化学成分和晶体结构.结果表明:加料方式是影响产物粒径和磁性的重要因素,反滴法制备的磁流体粒径更小,磁性更强;铁盐浓度越高,磁流体粒径越大;随PEG质量浓度增大,磁流体粒径先减小后增大;n(Fe3+)=n(Fe2+)=0.3 mol/L,c(PEG)=50 g/L为最适宜的反应条件;未经包覆的Fe3O4纳米粒子平均粒径为15 nm,PEG包覆后粒径约为20 nm,呈现出核-壳结构.     

聚吡咯-Fe3O4纳米复合材料的制备与表征及性能

用共沉淀方法制备出平均粒径在10 nm左右的Fe3O4纳米粒子,然后在阳离子表面活性剂的引导下采用原位化学氧化聚合法,合成出聚吡咯-Fe3O4纳米复合材料.同时对此纳米复合材料的结构和性能进行了研究.结果表明Fe3O4纳米粒子和聚吡咯之间存在着一定的相互作用,从而有利于吡咯单体在Fe3O4纳米粒子的表面发生聚合反应,进而Fe3O4纳米粒子被聚吡咯所包覆.聚吡咯/Fe3O4纳米复合材料同时具有导电性和磁性,其导电性随着Fe3O4纳米粒子含量的增加先增大后减小,磁性则始终随着Fe3O4纳米粒子含量的增加而增大.     

混合表面活性剂中制备聚苯乙烯/Co3O4复合纳米粒子

在阳离子表面活性剂(CTAB)胶束体系中制备立方相Co_3O_4磁性纳米粒子,将其与制备原液的混合体系分散到阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)溶液中,再加入苯乙烯引发聚合,制得聚苯乙烯/Co_3O_4复合纳米粒子.TEM观察Co_3O_4纳米粒子的平均粒径为30 nm左右,复合纳米粒子的粒径为40 nm左右.XRD、IR谱图及热、磁性能测定表明聚苯乙烯对Co_3O_4纳米粒子的包裹是成功的.     

炔基修饰Fe3O4磁纳米粒子的合成及其“click”环加成反应

Fe3O4磁纳米粒子的炔基修饰包括：纳米磁性Fe3O4粒子的制备,硅胶包覆Fe3O4磁粒子,氨基修饰硅胶包覆的磁粒子,炔基修饰氨基修饰后的磁粒子.并采用苄基叠氮与所制备的炔基修饰磁Fe3O4纳米粒子进行click环加成反应.通过SEM、BET、XRD和VSM分别对Fe3O4和硅胶包覆Fe3O4的表面形貌、比表面积、晶型结构和磁性能进行表征;利用UV-Vis对磁性Fe3O4粒子表面的炔基进行半定量分析;采用FTIR对产物表面基团做定性分析.结果表明,Fe3O4磁纳米粒子平均粒径为180±20 nm,粒子呈球     

反胶束体系中Fe_3O_4/SiO_2核壳结构纳米粒子的制备和表征

在反胶束体系中制备Fe3O4/SiO2核壳结构纳米粒子,并利用透射电子显微镜表征颗粒的结构和形貌.首先,在水体系中采用共沉淀法制备平均粒径为13 nm的Fe3O4纳米粒子,并用有机小分子柠檬酸对其进行表面修饰,加入氨水后形成稳定的Fe3O4胶体溶液.然后,将此胶体溶液作为水相滴加到Triton X-100/环己烷/正丁醇的表面活性剂/油相/助表面活性剂溶液体系中,搅拌后形成稳定的油包水反胶束体系.在反胶束内以氨水为催化剂,使正硅酸乙酯水解,从而获得SiO2包覆的Fe3O4核壳结构纳米粒子.实验结果表明,改变水和表面活性剂Triton X-100的浓度比ω,可以达到调控核壳结构纳米粒子形貌的目的.当ω=9时,可获得尺寸均匀、平均粒径约为100 nm的Fe3O4/SiO2核壳结构纳米粒子.     

溶剂热法制备纳米Fe3O4粉体

通过溶剂热法,以FeOOH作为前驱体,以油酸作为表面活性剂,以十八烯为溶剂,制备了纳米Fe3O4颗粒,研究了油酸和FeCl3用量、反应时间对纳米Fe3O4粒子的大小以及分散性的影响.结果显示,FeCl3用量的增加和反应时间的延长均可使Fe3O4粒子粒径增大,油酸用量的增加会导致Fe3O4粒子粒径先减小再增大.利用XRD、TEM等手段对所制备颗粒的结构、形貌进行了表征,结果表明,所制备的纳米Fe3O4粒子属于反尖晶石结构.FeCl3用量为0.003mol,油酸用量为13.5mL时(即Fe3+/油酸约为1/15),在230℃反应12h得到结晶度较高,分散性良好,平均粒径比较小的纳米Fe3O4粒子.     

磁性聚苯乙烯微球的合成与表征

采用化学共沉淀法制备Fe3O4纳米粒子,并用聚乙二醇-6000对其表面改性,然后以苯乙烯(St)为单体,过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)为引发剂,采用分散聚合法,制备粒径小,磁含量高的磁性聚苯乙烯微球.X射线衍射(XRD)研究表明,所制备的Fe3O4粒子为面心立方结构.红外光谱测试(FT-IR)表明微球中存在苯乙烯和Fe3O4纳米粒子.透射电镜(TEM)观察表明,所制备的磁性聚苯乙烯微球的粒径约为100 nm.热重(TG)分析得到磁性聚苯乙烯微球磁性物质质量分数为14.5%.振动样品磁强计(VSM)测试结果表明,磁性聚苯乙烯纳米粒子的比饱和磁化强度为14.4 A·m2/kg,具有超顺磁性.     

纳米Fe3O4颗粒的制备及其在乙醇中的分散工艺

为制备硅油基Fe3O4磁流体,采用化学共沉淀法制备平均粒径为11 nm纳米Fe3O4颗粒,利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、选区电子衍射花样(SAED)、X线衍射分析(XRD)、振动磁强计(VSM)等手段对试样的微观形貌、晶体结构以及磁性能进行表征。在测得无水乙醇中Fe3O4粉体的pH-Zeta电位图基础之上,研究了表面活性剂的类型、表面活性剂的加入量以及超声分散的时间对纳米Fe3O4颗粒分散性能的影响。结果表明:化学共沉淀法制备出的纳米Fe3O4颗粒为面心立方结构,颗粒表面光洁且呈现规则的圆球形,粉体的粒径分布较窄。随着超声时间的延长和表面活性剂使用量的增加,纳米Fe3O4颗粒在无水乙醇中的分散效果在特定点呈现最佳效果之后逐步变差,5种表面活性剂分散效果由好到差的顺序是:聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)、司班-80(SPAN-80)、司班-85(SPAN-85)、油酸(OA)、硅烷偶联剂KH-550。推荐纳米Fe3O4颗粒在无水乙醇中的分散工艺为:pH=7,PVP加入的质量分数3%,超声时间35 min,超声功率560 W。     

超声乳化法制备纳米Fe3O4磁性颗粒及壳聚糖表面改性

采用超声乳化法制备纳米Fe3O4磁性颗粒,以壳聚糖作为表面活性剂,制备具有生物亲和性的水基Fe3O4磁流体.研究了Fe2+/Fe3+摩尔比、超声时间和表面活性剂用量对磁流体性能的影响.结果表明:当Fe2+/Fe3+摩尔比为1:1·5,滴加氨水时反应温度为70℃时,可制备理想纳米Fe3O4磁性颗粒;超声时间为7·5min左右,质量分数1%的壳聚糖溶液体积占FeO溶液总体积的50%时,有利于壳聚糖分子的包覆,使磁流体具有较高的比饱和磁化强度及稳定性.     

聚苯乙烯/Co3O4复合纳米粒子的制备与表征

在非离子表面活性剂T riton X-100水溶液中制得Co3O4磁性纳米粒子,将其与苯乙烯在阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)溶液中引发聚合,制得聚苯乙烯/Co3O4复合纳米粒子.根据透射电镜(TEM)观察,Co3O4纳米粒子的粒径在15 nm左右,复合纳米粒子的粒径在30 nm左右,高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定复合纳米粒子的分子质量为1.25×105~5.30×105g.m o-l 1.X-射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(IR)及磁性能测定表明,聚苯乙烯对Co3O4纳米粒子的包裹是成功的.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.