卷烟焦油的傅立叶变换近红外测定技术

卷烟焦油是卷烟制品的一个重要指标.传统方法采用吸烟机和气相色谱技术对卷烟焦油进行分析,费时、仪器昂贵而且不能预测.根据传统方法测定的卷烟焦油数据和卷烟样品粉末的近红外光谱建立了卷烟焦油的近红外分析技术,能准确测定和预测卷烟焦油,与常规分析数据相比,偏差小于1.0 mg/g烟丝,并具有很好的重现性.     

几种常见卷烟焦油含量测定及毒性实验

吸烟有害健康,其主要有害物质是烟焦油(主要成分是尼古丁).本文通过吸附法和分光光度法测定了几种常见卷烟的焦油含量.并进一步做了焦油对小白鼠的毒性实验,通过实验结果教育青少年加深对吸烟危害健康的认识.     

氨基酸和还原糖类反应的研究

根据梅拉德反应原理，由氨基酸加醛糖的反应合成烟草增香剂。经气相色谱－质谱联用仪测定，含有多种挥发性有香成分，可用于改善烟草制品品质，提高低焦油卷烟香味。     

贮存时间对卷烟烟丝及烟气常规成分的影响

为研究贮存时间对卷烟烟丝常规组分及卷烟烟气有害成分影响情况,选取了3种市售卷烟,对各卷烟贮存期间总糖、总植物碱、总氮、总粒相物等烟丝常规成分及CO、烟碱、焦油等烟气常规成分进行了测定。检测结果显示,在普通室温贮存条件下,贮存半年内卷烟烟丝及烟气组分差异不大。结果表明,普通室温贮存条件下,半年内卷烟质量无显著变化。     

壳聚糖在卷烟滤嘴中的应用研究

通过对比试验发现 ,纯天然线性聚合物壳聚糖制成的卷烟复合滤嘴 ,对烟气中的焦油 ,一氧化碳等有害成分具有明显的吸附作用 ,同时焦油含量还可以根据不同的消费群体通过改变壳聚糖的含量进行调节     

干冰膨胀对烟丝有害成分和显微结构的影响

干冰(液态CO2)膨胀技术是卷烟工业企业针对烟丝的一种膨胀处理技术.干冰膨胀烟丝在卷烟配方中的应用,主要是利用膨胀烟丝具有较高填充性和高效燃烧性以及可以降低卷烟烟气中焦油质量分数的作用.针对干冰膨胀烟丝处理技术,研究了干冰膨胀处理技术对烟丝有害成分的影响,并从显微结构方面对膨胀前后烟丝的结构进行了分析.结果表明:烟丝经干冰膨胀处理后,卷烟烟气中除氰化氢(HCN)质量分数有所增加外,其他焦油,氨,NNK,一氧化碳,苯酚,巴豆醛,苯并[α]芘有害成分质量分数降幅明显,降幅分别可达32.35%,44.80%,29.70%,14.07%,61.48%,12.40%和27.52%;处理后烟丝的显微结构与处理前烟丝相比表面组织膨大,内部组织涨开,孔隙增大,淀粉颗粒减少,细胞壁断裂,细胞内溶物析出.     

鹤庆五味子提取物在卷烟中的应用研究

研究了五味子提取物在卷烟中的应用,采用鹤庆五味子为原料,对五味子提取物的提取工艺进行了优化,检测了五味子提取物的物理性状并用气相色谱-质谱法测定了五味子提取物的挥发性成分.对五味子提取物对卷烟的感官评吸结果和对卷烟烟气有害成分的影响进行了初步试验,发现五味子提取物所含香气成分丰富,具有改善卷烟抽吸品质,清除自由基和降低烟气有害成分的作用,是理想的烟用添加剂.     

影响卷烟焦油量的因素分析——从稠环芳烃谈起

卷烟烟气中存在着焦油、烟碱、亚硝胺、一氧化碳等不利于人类健康的成分,但是这些成分在烟气中的含量毕竟是微量的,研究表明,烟草焦油是最主     

卷烟纸用碳酸钙对烟气有害成分释放量的影响研究

为探寻卷烟纸用碳酸钙对烟气有害成分释放量影响,设计了添加不同晶形和不同粒径碳酸钙填料的卷烟纸,考察了碳酸钙晶体结构和粒径大小对卷烟主流烟气中常规化学成分和7种代表性烟气有害成分释放量。结果表明:碳酸钙晶体结构和粒径影响卷烟纸表面孔结构和烟气常规化学成分和有害成分释放量,使用纺锤形碳酸钙有利于降低烟气常规成分和7种代表性有害成分,且其晶粒越大,烟气常规成分和7种代表性有害成分降低越多。     

降低卷烟烟气中多环芳烃和自由基的中药添加剂

研究了降低卷烟烟气中多环芳烃和自由基的中药添加剂。通过正交实验优化条件提取有效成分为添加剂 ,采用邻苯三酚自氧化紫外方法和荧光法筛选中药 ,得几种中草药的复方 ,喷洒于烟丝卷制成烟支后 ,利用电子自旋共振波谱仪 ( ESR)及气相色谱 /质谱法 ( GC/MS) ,对卷烟焦油中多环芳烃和焦油及烟气中自由基含量进行测定分析。实验结果表明 ,该添加剂对卷烟焦油中多环芳烃和焦油及烟气中的自由基含量具有良好的降低作用     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.