固相法合成负热膨胀性粉体ZrW2O8

以分析纯ZrO2和WO3为原料,用固相法制备了负热膨胀材料ZrW2O8粉体.以X射线粉末衍射、扫描电子显微镜分别对粉体进行物相分析和形貌观测;通过高温X射线衍射以及Powder X软件计算不同温度下的晶胞参数,从而确定热膨胀系数.结果表明经1 220℃保温3 h制备出的高纯度ZrW2O8粉体为单一立方结构,平均粒径为0.5μm;ZrW2O8粉体有显著的负热膨胀特性,在室温到150℃范围内,所得ZrW2O8粉体热膨胀系数为-11.58×10-6K-1;200～500℃范围内,热膨胀系数为-3.77×10-6K-1;在整个温度范围内平均热膨胀系数为-6.31×10-6K-1.     

ZrW_2O_8的负热膨胀特性表征

以分析纯ZrO2和WO3为原料,采用分步固相法合成负热膨胀ZrW2O8粉体和陶瓷.采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对产物结构及形貌进行表征,采用3种不同的方法测得ZrW2O8负热膨胀系数,研究了不同测量方法对ZrW2O8负热膨胀系数测量的影响.研究结果表明:合成的产物为单一的立方晶体结构的α-ZrW2O8,采用高温X射线衍射和Power X软件测得样品从室温至600 ℃范围内的平均热膨胀系数为-5.605×10-6 K-1;而采用热膨胀仪测得从室温至600 ℃范围内ZrW2O8陶瓷棒和冷压成型ZrW2O8粉体棒的平均热膨胀系数分别为-10.709×10-6 K-1和-4.490×10-6 K-1,测试方法、致密度和微观结构对样品的负热膨胀系数均有影响.     

负膨胀材料ZrW2O8的新制备方法及拉曼光谱研究

以ZrOCl2.8H2O、WO3和浓氨水为原料,采用化学沉淀法制备ZrW2O8陶瓷,通过XRD、拉曼光谱和热膨胀仪等分析手段对产物结构进行表征.结果表明,采用化学沉淀法在温度1473 K～1523 K,时间50～240 min内可以制备出具有较高纯度的ZrW2O8.变温拉曼光谱进一步表明,ZrW2O8的负热膨胀与低波数的声子模有关,另外高频光学声子模对其负热膨胀也有贡献.     

ZrW2O8薄膜的物相转变与负热膨胀系数

以高纯ZrO2和WO3复合氧化物为靶材,采用射频磁控溅射方法在石英基片上制备ZrW2O8薄膜.对不同热处理温度后的薄膜进行XRD分析,结果表明,在650 ℃下薄膜为无定形,ZrW2O8晶化起始温度为650 ℃,当热处理温度高于1 100 ℃时,薄膜主要由ZrO2相组成.进一步采用高温XRD分析薄膜物相,发现在720 ℃时,能获得较纯的ZrW2O8薄膜.根据ZrW2O8晶面(2 1 1)间距随温度变化的结果,计算所制备的薄膜态ZrW2O8的热膨胀系数为-2.54×10-5/℃.SEM分析结果显示在ZrW2O8相所存在的温度范围内,薄膜非常致密而无明显孔洞.     

NTE化合物-ZrW1.4 Mo0.6O8前驱物法合成及四方相的表征

本文用前驱物法合成了热致收缩(NTE)化合物ZrW1．4Mo0．6O8的四方相，该相为低温介稳相且尚未见公开报道．对其进行了X射线衍射(XRD)分析和指标化．并用透射电镜(TEM)技术观察了标题产物的形貌．     

流变相—前驱物法制备纳米Co3O4

报道以流变相-前驱物法制备纳米Co3O4的一种新的软化学方法.先用流变相法合成草酸盐前驱物CoC2O4@2H2O,再在不同温度下热分解可制备得纳米CO3O4.通过热重法(TG)、X-射线衍射(XRD)和透射电子显微镜分析了其前驱物、产物的颗粒大小及形状等特征.研究了分解温度与产物粒径大小之间的关系以及微晶生长动力学.从实验结果可以看出,流变相-前驱物法为制备纳米Co3O4粉末提供了一种简单、可行、有效的方法.     

新型负膨胀系数材料ZrW2O8的合成与特性

ZrW2 O8 是新发现的由 0 3K至分解温度 1 0 5 0K都具有各向同性的负热膨胀化合物 ,但由于其分解温度和窄的热稳定范围反应合成相当困难 .本文综述了氧化物直接合成、微波合成和溶胶 -凝胶法制备ZrW2 O8以及单晶ZrW2 O8的生长方法 ,讨论了ZrW2 O8的特性 ,介绍了其负膨胀机理和潜在的应用     

ZrW2-xMoxO8晶体结构及热膨胀性能

采用共沉淀法,以硝酸氧锆、钨酸铵和钼酸铵为原料制备了纯度较高的ZrW2-xMoxO8粉体,分别采用热重-差热和X射线衍射分析了W/Mo摩尔比对ZrW2-xMoxO8的结晶行为、晶体结构以及热膨胀性能的影响.结果表明:Mo的掺杂不会影响其热膨胀性能,所得ZrW2-xMoxO8均具有良好的负热膨胀特性,而ZrW2-xMoxO8的室温晶胞参数和合成温度均随着Mo取代量的增加而降低.x<0.5时,ZrW2-xMoxO8室温晶体结构为α-ZrW2O8相,ZrW2O8由氧化物原料在高温反应生成.高温XRD结果表明:ZrW2O8和ZrW1.5Mo05O8在高温会发生α-β相变,负热膨胀系数随之发生明显变化;当x≥0.5时,ZrW2-xMoxO8则由其对应的三方相或单斜相在高温转变而成,如果其室温相为β相,则在高温转变为不具负热膨胀特性的三方相.     

水热前驱体法低温合成Pb(Mg1/2W1/2)O3-PbTiO3

目的制备纯钙钛矿相的Pb(Mg1/2W1/2)O3-PbTiO3(PMW-PT)陶瓷。方法以Mg(Ac)2·4H2O,Pb(Ac)2.4H2O,Na2WO4·3H2O和Ti(OC4H9)4为原料,NaOH调节反应体系的pH值9～13,在200℃下12 h水热合成PMW-PT前驱体,通过煅烧该前驱体制备纯钙钛矿相的PMW-PT粉体。通过XRD分析研究水热处理温度、反应时间、溶液pH值以及煅烧温度对PMW-PT相和中间产物Pb2TiWO7相生成过程的影响。结果水热处理的粉体转化为钙钛矿相PMW-PT最佳煅烧温度为800℃,压片后1 000℃烧结2 h制备的PMW-PT陶瓷,介电常数为12 067(1 kHz)。结论与固相法和半化学法相比,这种方法制备的钙钛矿PMW-PT粉体在较低的温度下生成,而且陶瓷的介电常数较高。     

LiMn2O4纳米晶的低温水热前驱体法合成与表征

LiMn2O4由于电压高、价格便宜、对环境基本无污染而成为最有希望的备选正极材料之一.大量实验研究表明,制备方法和制备条件的不同会在很大程度上影响LiMn2O4材料的性能.以Mn（CH3COO）2.4H2O和Na2S2O8为原料,采用低温水热法制得纳米晶前驱体β-MnO2粉末,然后将前驱体β-MnO2粉末与LiOH.H2O混合后煅烧即可制得纳米晶LiMn2O4.结果表明,LiMn2O4粉末晶化程度高,粒度分布较窄,平均粒径约在250nm,用所得的粉末样品进行电化学性能侧试,其首次放电比容量可达130.5,mA.h/g,循环性能也较好.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.