平坡矿区煤层夹矸中的IS有序混层矿物

产于甘肃山丹平坡矿区太原组中段顶三槽煤层夹矸中的I/S混层矿物为IS型有序混层。它主要由Na-Ca或Ca-Na型蒙皂石层和似2M_1型伊利石层组成。混层矿物的原始物质主要为火山凝灰质,并且形成于蒙皂石向伊利石的成岩转化过程中。     

南海北部陆缘黏土矿物组合特征与地质意义

采用沉积矿物分析方法对南海北部九口探井渐新世—中新世沉积物进行系统的黏土矿物分析.结果表明:南海北部沉积物黏土矿物组成随时间及空间呈现规律性变化,黏土矿物伊/蒙转化深度具有自北向南逐步变浅的规律,与地温梯度升高变化趋势基本一致,这种黏土矿物伊/蒙转化的变化规律反映了南海北部洋陆过渡地壳减薄,莫霍面抬升,热流值升高的趋势.通过黏土矿物组合演变特征与热流变化趋势的相关关系,可以预测区域性温度场变化规律,加深对南海北部洋陆过渡地壳厚度变化的认识.     

贵州早、中三叠世间绿豆岩粘土矿物学研究

运用Ｘ射线衍射、红外光谱、差热分析、扫描电镜等分析方法，对贵州绿豆岩进行了系统的粘土矿物学研究。确定了贵州绿豆岩中粘土矿物主要有伊利石、蒙脱石、高岭石和伊利石／蒙脱石混层矿物，为贵州绿豆岩的成因研究和开发利用提供了依据。     

柴达木盆地北缘下侏罗统储集岩成岩作用及其对孔隙演化的影响

柴达木盆地北缘下侏罗统储集岩主要是由长石岩屑砂岩和岩屑砂岩组成,主要的成岩作用有压实作用、胶结作用、溶蚀作用、交代作用和重结晶作用,它们对孔隙的发育影响很大.压实作用和碳酸盐的胶结作用使原生孔隙大大减少.长石的溶蚀作用改善了孔隙的发育.蒙皂石、伊利石、高岭石、绿泥石和伊蒙混层含量均在较大范围内变化,与深度的关系不明显.成岩作用进入晚成岩作用末期.一些储集岩经历了表生成岩作用.     

鹤岗煤田泥质岩粘土矿物类型及其地质意义

为了确定鹤岗煤田泥质岩粘土矿物类型及其地质意义,本文采用X射线衍射仪和扫描电镜研究了鹤岗煤田12个泥质岩样品中的粘土矿物。结果表明:本区泥质岩共有4种类型的粘土矿物,并揭示出高岭石主要为来自剥蚀区的碎屑粘土矿物,少部分为自生矿物,伊利石一部分由剥蚀区搬运来,另外则由长石、云母等铝硅酸盐矿物风化形成,伊蒙混层矿物是在成岩过程中,由蒙脱石向伊利石转化的过渡产物,绿泥石则是在深埋阶段由高岭石转变而成。这项研究说明该区在整个晚侏罗世演化过程中处于近中性环境,并在弱酸弱碱环境中频繁振荡。     

淮北煤田上石盒子组泥质岩的矿物学研究

淮北煤田上石盒子组泥质岩中粘土矿物以高岭石、伊利石为主,绿泥石、蒙脱石次之,3煤段上部泥质岩中伊利石增多,地球化学指标也表明为半成水环境,说明上石盒子组上部为一套受海水影响的岩性组合。     

Clay minerals in surface sediments of the Pearl River drainage basin and their contribution to the South China Sea

Clay minerals have played a significant role in the study of the East Asian monsoon evolution in the South China Sea by being able to track oceanic current variations and to reveal contemporaneous paleoclimaUc changes prevailing in continental source areas. As one of the most important rivers inputting terrigenous matters to the northern South China Sea, the Pearl River was not previously paid attention to from the viewpoint of clay mineralogy. This paper presents a detailed study on clay minerals in surface sediments collected from the Pearl River drainage basin （including all three main channels, various branches, and the Lingdingyang in the estuary） by using the X-ray diffraction （XRD） method. The results indicate that the clay mineral assemblage consists dominantly of kaolinite （35%-65%）, lesser abundance of chlorite （20%-35%） and illite （12%-42%）, and very scare smectite occurrences （generally 〈5%）. Their respective distribution does not present any obvious difference throughout the Pearl River drainage basin. However, downstream the Pearl River to the northern South China Sea, the clay mineral assemblage varies significantly： kaolinite decreases gradually, smecUte and illite increase gradually. Additionally, illite chemistry index steps down and illite crystallinity steps up. These variations indicate the contribution of major kaolinite, lesser illite and chlorite, and very scarce smecUte to the northern South China Sea from the Pearl River drainage basin. The maximum contribution of clay minerals from the Pearl River is 72% to the northern margin and only 15% to the northern slope of the South China Sea. In both glacials and interglacials, kaolinite indicates that the ability of mechanical erosion occurred in the Pearl River drainage basin.     

牛居油田牛12断块东营组储层特征

牛居油田牛１２断块东营组储层主要为辫状河沉积．其砂砾岩体多分布于河道之中，显示出非连续的透镜状、带状和大面积分布的席状形态．辫状河砂体主要有河道砂坝和河道充填两种沉积．该区东营组储层的成岩矿物包括自生石英、碳酸盐、高岭石、伊利石、蒙脱石、伊一蒙混层和绿泥石等矿物．次生孔隙的发育主要是由于长石、颗粒骨架和自生碳酸盐的溶蚀作用而产生的．在４个油层组之间，储层性质具有明显的非均质性，它受辫状河的成岩特征和沉积微相的控制．     

合肥盆地安参1井粘土矿物XRD及成岩程度分析

文章对合肥盆地安参1井内15个泥岩样粘土矿物进行了X射线衍射分析,从获得的伊利石结晶度和伊/蒙混层比测试结果,揭示了该深井所钻遇地层的成岩程度和热演化程度.在井深1 000 m以上段地层处于成岩阶段,所经历的温度小于200℃.在井深1 000～4180 m段地层已进入埋藏变质阶段,所经历的温度介于200～300℃;而在井深4 180 m以下段已进入浅变带(即绿片岩相开始阶段),指示温度略大于300℃.文章还对该井伊利石结晶度纵向变化曲线进行了讨论,认为井深370.75 m处样品结晶度高于下伏地层的原因是受燕山运动古城幕的影响所致,该现象反映出盆地形成时处于活动的构造背景.     

鄂尔多斯盆地西南部延长组长7致密砂岩伊利石成因初探

鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长7为典型的致密砂岩储层,粒度细,填隙物含量高,物性差.最主要的黏土矿物为伊利石,占填隙物总量的60%.根据大量的铸体薄片、扫描电镜、包裹体测试等分析资料,探讨了伊利石的产状、成因,以及对储层物性的影响.认为:伊利石呈片状、蜂巢状和丝缕状3种方式产出.第一种为原生沉积形成;第二种为早期形成的蒙脱石转化而来;第三种是由钾长石溶蚀形成的高岭石在深埋期间通过伊利石化作用形成.高岭石的伊利石化能促进钾长石的溶解,其形成的长石溶孔是本区最主要的孔隙类型,长石溶孔发育区即为相对优质储层发育区.     

Clay mineral composition and their sources for the fluvial sediments of Taiwanese rivers

Located at the collision boundary between the Philippine Sea Plate and the Eurasian Continental Plate,the island of Taiwan is generally recognized as an important example in the MARGINS Program Science Plan and "source-to-sink" research because of its high tectonic activity,heavy rainfall and unique geography.Large suspended sediment loads are transported to the adjacent ocean by Taiwanese rivers every year,making Taiwan an important source of sediments into the adjacent seas and a natural laboratory for studying the systemic movement of fluvial sediments from source to sink.A detailed study on the clay mineral composition of surface sediments collected from the drainage basins of 12 Taiwanese rivers using X-ray diffraction methods was conducted.Our results indicated that the clay mineral assemblages consisted dominantly of illite(approximately 73%) and chlorite(approximately 24%),with lesser abundances of kaolinite(approximately 3%) and even lower levels of smectite from the Danshuei River sediments in northwestern Taiwan.The Jhuoshuei River sediments from western Taiwan contained clay mineral assemblages that consisted of illite(approximately 75%) and chlorite(approximately 25%),but they lacked kaolinite and smectite.In southwestern Taiwan,the clay mineral assemblages were dominated by illite(approximately 75%) and chlorite(approximately 23%),but had a low abundance of kaolinite(generally < 2%) and no smectite.The clay mineral assemblages in eastern Taiwan are obviously different from those in western parts of the island.The most noticeable difference is that the average abundance of chlorite in the Hualien River from eastern Taiwan was the highest(approximately 48%) of all the Taiwanese rivers.We concluded that,in general,the clay mineral assemblages in Taiwanese rivers were mainly composed of illite and chlorite with kaolinite and smectite being scarce,and these trends are different from those in China’s mainland rivers.The clay mineral composition shown in this study was primarily determined by the properties of the bedrock,and the differential weathering intensities of the drainage area.The surface sediments in Taiwan’s rivers showed a greater abundance of illite and chlorite because the outcropped rocks were mainly composed of Tertiary sedimentary rocks,especially sandstone,shale and slate,and show strong physical weathering.The relatively high relief and more abundant rainfall also caused the clay minerals in the fluvial sediments to be transported to the estuaries down rivers from the mountains and then delivered to the adjacent seas by currents and waves over a shorter time scale.     

致密砂岩储层黏土矿物特征及敏感性分析—以鄂尔多斯盆地吴起油田寨子河地区长6油层为例

致密砂岩储层孔喉结构复杂、比表面积大,岩石颗粒表面附着大量的黏土矿物,容易受到外来流体的影响,发生颗粒膨胀、迁移、离子沉淀等反应伤害储层,从而影响生产效率。本文以鄂尔多斯盆地吴起油田寨子河地区延长组6段油层为例,通过岩石薄片观察、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪(X-RD)实验、压汞实验和储层敏感性实验等方法,对研究区储层物性、孔喉结构、黏土矿物特征和储层敏感性类型、伤害程度及敏感性影响因素进行分析。岩心分析实验表明,储层黏土矿物由绿泥石、高岭石、伊利石和伊蒙混层4种矿物组成,影响储层渗透性的敏感性伤害强弱依次为酸敏、水敏、碱敏、盐敏和速敏。并结合实际生产中存在的问题,提出绿泥石富集区域尽量避免储层酸化等改造措施;对伊利石及伊蒙混层含量高、易水敏的地区,压裂改造过程需要提高压裂液砂比,减小压裂液量,从而降低储层损害。     

玛湖凹陷东斜坡区下乌尔禾组砂砾岩储层孔隙形成机理及优势储层成因分析

以宏观沉积特征描述为基础,利用岩石薄片、铸体薄片、扫描电镜、X衍射、压汞和物性资料,对玛东斜坡区下乌尔禾组砂砾岩储层孔隙类型及成因进行研究;发现主要发育三种孔隙类型,剩余粒间孔、粒间浊沸石溶孔和泥质杂基收缩孔。剩余粒间孔因颗粒的支撑而形成,与黏土膜对孔隙的保护作用有关;泥质杂基收缩孔因伊/蒙混层矿物向伊利石转化而形成;粒间浊沸石溶孔受源于二叠系风城组烃源岩的有机酸溶蚀而形成。玛东2井区处于扇三角洲内前缘,以辫状河道砂砾岩沉积为主,主要发育剩余粒间孔和浊沸石溶孔,且以剩余粒间孔为主;夏盐2井区地处扇三角洲外前缘,以水下分流河道砂砾岩和河口坝砂岩沉积为主,主要发育浊沸石溶孔。扇三角洲前缘水下分流河道砂砾岩,可以提供碱性的高孔渗的开放性环境,有利于浊沸石的早期形成和后期溶蚀,是有利的储层孔隙发育区。     

强震区典型窄陡沟道型泥石流发育特征

针对汶川强震区5条典型窄陡沟道型泥石流进行实地勘察。通过室内颗分试验、激光衍射粒度分析试验、X射线衍射试验,分析了强震区窄陡沟道型泥石流的基本发育特征、堆积物颗粒级配和黏土矿物定量组成。结果表明：(1)强震区窄陡沟道型泥石流典型发育特征除了地形地貌上的“窄”和“陡”外,震后松散物源量中崩滑物源和沟道堆积物源显著增多,动储量比例增大,造成强震区窄陡沟道型泥石流危险性显著提高。(2)强震区窄陡沟道型泥石流堆积物固体颗粒级配分布范围较广,连续性较好。级配曲线不均匀系数均大于5,曲率系数在0.95~3之间,无缺失粒组;粒径小于0.075mm的粉粒含量均在0.5%以下,粒径小于0.005mm黏粒含量均在0.11%以下,不同沟道间差别较小。(3)强震区窄陡沟道型泥石流堆积物黏土矿物主要由伊利石、绿泥石和伊蒙混层三种黏土矿物组成,各自含量平均值分别为45.6%、38.8%、15.6%。伊利石和绿泥石总含量均超过75%,伊蒙混层含量均在25%以下。开展汶川强震区的典型窄沟型泥石流发育特征分析,对于地质灾害泥石流风险评估、监测预警和防控具有重要意义。     

胜北构造粘土矿物纵向分布及演变规律

为探求吐哈油田胜北构造粘土矿物纵向分布规律与井眼稳定性的关系,以台参２井为例系统分析了本构造泥页岩地层中高岭石（Ｋ）、绿泥石（Ｃ）、伊利石（Ⅰ）、蒙脱石（Ｓ）和伊蒙混层（Ｉ／Ｓ）矿物的分布及演变特征,测定了粘土矿物中各种阳离子（Ｋ＋、Ｎａ＋、Ｃａ２＋、Ｍｇ２＋）的可交换容量（ＣＥＣ）．研究表明,胜北构造上部地层是以Ｓ（约４０％）为主的高活性泥岩,中部大段硬脆碎泥页岩以Ｉ／Ｓ（约５０％）为主,下部地层Ｉ／Ｓ渐减至消失．Ｋ、Ｃ、Ｉ纵向分布较为均匀,基本与井径扩大率无相关性．井径扩大率与Ｉ／Ｓ含量呈明显正相关,但与Ｉ／Ｓ中的Ｓ含量却呈负相关,Ｉ纵向变化小但总含量较高（约５０％）且其中裂隙、解理发育,因此认为井眼的失稳主要是Ｉ及Ｉ／Ｓ含量较高的硬脆碎泥页岩在释放构造应力时,各种综合工程因素诱发地层崩裂和剥蚀而引起的,具有明显的时敏性．由于这种地层的ＣＥＣ特别是ＥＫ较低,因而必须主要靠封堵裂缝而不是提高钻井液中的Ｋ＋浓度来抑制井眼垮塌     

基于BP神经网络的页岩静弹性模量预测研究

页岩的静弹性模量是页岩油气资源勘探开发整个过程的重要参数,现阶段页岩静弹性模量的预测往往是先使用岩芯纵波时差及密度计算出动态弹性模量,再寻找动、静态弹性模量之间的关系。岩石矿物组成的差异常常导致常规思路得到的动、静态弹性模量的相关性较差,预测结果难以满足工程需求。为完成对研究区块岩芯的静弹性模量预测研究,首先对岩芯进行密度及纵波时差的测量;而后运用全岩矿物分析、黏土矿物分析及三轴压缩试验的方法对岩芯静弹性模量进行对比分析;并由三轴压缩试获取岩芯静弹性模量。按输入变量的不同建立并训练了三个BP神经网络预测系统;并对三个预测系统的应用效果加以对比分析。分析结果表明:只以岩芯密度和纵波时差为输入变量的BP神经网络的预测效果较差;以岩芯密度、纵波时差、石英含量及伊利石含量为输入变量时的BP神经网络预测效果较好,以岩芯密度、纵波时差、石英含量、方解石含量、伊利石含量及伊/蒙混层含量为输入变量时的BP网络预测效果最好。     

Alkylammonium cations treating and K-Ar dating of illite from mudstones

Two kinds of mudstones from the Tarim Basin and the Tuha Basin were treated with C8 and C18 alkylammonium cations. Both of them were dated by the K-Ar method. One kind of rock contains mainly diagenetic illite, and the other contains mixed layer illite/smectite (I/S). Sample separation and alkylammonium cations treatment were performed first, and K-Ar dating followed. The result shows that fine-grained minerals have younger K-Ar ages and coarse-grained components have older ages. Plots of K-Ar age versus K2O (%) are linear, the range of diagenetic age can be estimated by extrapolation. The reaction results of the above samples are different after alkylammonium cations treatments. The samples containing mainly illite show a decrease in K2O and an increase in age by 1-25 Ma, suggesting that preferential exchange of young diagenetic clay rather than detrital clay by alkylammonium cations, therefore the age of diagenetic illite can be calculated directly by the % K2O and radiogenic 40Ar removed. For the I/S dominant samples, detrital illite was opened preferentially by C8 alkylammonium cations treatment. Detrital age can be calculated, but it is hard to obtain the diagentic age directly.     

黑龙江七台河地区城子河组绿泥石垂向分布异常分析

运用X射线衍射和X射线荧光分析技术,对黑龙江七台河地区侏罗系上统城子河组的87、90、95和98号煤层顶底板及夹矸中的绿泥石进行了研究.结果表明,研究区粘土矿物以伊蒙间层矿物、伊利石和绿泥石为主,绿泥石含量在2％～17％.随着埋藏深度增加,成岩作用增强,绿泥石含量逐渐降低,且由富Mg绿泥石转变为富Fe绿泥石.研究区绿泥...     

The role of reservoir mediums in natural oil cracking: Preliminary experimental results in a confined system

Large amounts of data regarding the influence of temperature and pressure on the thermal stability of crude oil have been published; however, the role of reservoir mediums has received little attention. Experiments involving oil cracking in the presence of montmorillonite, illite, calcite, quartz and water were conducted in closed gold tubes to investigate the effects of these reservoir mediums on oil destruction. This was done by screening variations in the chemical and stable carbon isotopic components of nC₁₀₊ and gasoline-range hydrocarbons (nC_8?) present in various systems. Results indicated that reservoir mediums have an active role in oil cracking under experimental conditions. The concentrations of nC₁₀₊ in the cracked residues progressively decreased in systems containing oil+water+illite, oil+water+montmorillonite, oil+water, oil+water+quartz and oil+water+calcite. In comparison with the system containing oil+water, our results indicated a retardation effect for oil cracking in systems in the presence of illite and montmorillonite, and an acceleration effect on oil destruction in systems in the presence of calcite and quartz. nC₁₀₊ became increasingly depleted in ¹³C in systems with oil+water+illite, oil+water+calcite, oil+water+montmorillonite, oil+water+ quartz and oil+water. No obvious correlation was observed between concentrations and stable carbon isotopic components of nC₆-nC₈ and nC₁₀₊ in the individual systems. The discrepancies in chemical and stable carbon isotopic components of nC₆-nC₈ and nC₁₀₊ in the pyrolyzed residues highlighted the important role of reservoir mediums to control carbon-carbon cleavage of nC₁₀₊ and then the isomerization, cyclolization and aromatization reactions; as well as governing the occurrence and thermal destruction of nC₆-nC₈ under experimental conditions. This research may have critical implications in reconstructing chemical kinetic models for natural oil cracking.     

A high-resolution clay mineralogical record in the northern South China Sea since the Last Glacial Maximum,and its time series provenance analysis

High-resolution clay mineralogical analysis of Core MD05-2904 in the northern South China Sea (SCS) covering the period since the Last Glacial Maximum shows that illite (29%–48%), smectite (14%–45%), chlorite (17%–28%), and minor kaolinite (6%–14%) comprise the clay mineral assemblage, and that time series variation does not present glacial-interglacial cyclicity. Provenance analysis indicates three end-member sources: almost all smectite derives from Luzon, all kaolinite is sourced from the Pearl River, and illite and chlorite originate from both the Pearl River and Taiwan. By comparing clay mineral compositions in surface sediments from the three major source areas and of the SCS, we reconstructed a time series of clay mineral contribution from the major provenances to the northern slope of the SCS using the linear separation method for illite crystallinity. There were three stages of provenance change. (1) During 24.1–17.5 ka BP, contributions from Taiwan and Luzon were similar (30%–40%), while that from the Pearl River was only 25%. (2) During 17.5–14.0 ka BP, the contribution from Luzon decreased rapidly to 20%–25%, while that from Taiwan increased to 35% from an average of 25% at 18 ka BP, and that from the Pearl River increased largely to 40%. (3) During the Holocene, differences in contributions from the three major provenances increased: the contribution from Luzon increased slightly and then remained at 27%–35%, that from Taiwan increased rapidly and then remained at 55%–60%, and that from the Pearl River decreased to 15%. The change in clay mineral contributions from different provenances is influenced mainly by clay mineral production, monsoon rainfall denudation, oceanic current transport, and sea-level change.