淮北煤田上石盒子组泥质岩的矿物学研究

淮北煤田上石盒子组泥质岩中粘土矿物以高岭石、伊利石为主,绿泥石、蒙脱石次之,3煤段上部泥质岩中伊利石增多,地球化学指标也表明为半成水环境,说明上石盒子组上部为一套受海水影响的岩性组合。     

南黄海表层沉积物中粘土矿物分布及物源分析

以南黄海表层沉积物中粘土矿物的测试数据为基础,分析了研究区内4种粘土矿物(伊利石、高岭石、蒙皂石、绿泥石)的分布特征.研究表明:本区伊利石含量最高,蒙皂石或高岭石次之,绿泥石含量最低;粘土矿物的组合类型以伊利石-蒙皂石-高岭石-绿泥石型为主,伊利石-高岭石-蒙皂石-绿泥石型次之;南黄海粘土矿物主要是陆源成因,物质主要来源于黄河和长江的供给.     

苏宏图白垩系粘土岩元素地球化学和粘土矿物特征及其古气候意义

为了探究苏宏图地区白垩系苏红图组的古气候环境,应用X射线荧光光谱(XRF) 和电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS) 方法研究了粘土岩样品的元素地球化学特征,结果表明：P、Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、SiO2/Al2O3等元素特征指示白垩系苏红图组总体呈现极度干燥的沉积环境,不同亚相之间沉积环境稍有干湿变化,且扇三角洲相对湿暖;通过XRD和SEM方法研究了全岩矿物组成和粘土矿物类型和组合特征,结果表明：伊利石为主要的粘土矿物,其次为绿泥石、高岭石,粘土矿物的组合类型为伊利石、绿泥石的组合,且绿泥石和高岭石呈现此消彼长的现象,反映了干燥寒冷的沉积环境,并伴随着干湿的气候变化。     

姬塬地区长6油层组砂岩储层中粘土矿物分布规律研究

为研究区寻找优质储层,指导勘探开发部署提供指导。以鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬地区延长组长6油层组砂岩储层中粘土矿物为研究对象,通过铸体薄片、扫描电镜、X衍射等方法对主要粘土矿物类型进行了研究;结合沉积环境,深入分析了粘土矿物的分布规律及控制因素;同时探讨了粘土矿物对储层物性的影响;从而研究表明,研究区储层中粘土矿物主要成份为伊利石、高岭石、绿泥石和蒙/伊混合层,且具有质点微小、比表面积大等特征。其形成与分布主要受沉积与成岩两大作用控制。其中,绿泥石含量东北体系高于西北体系;在长石溶蚀作用影响下,高岭石含量西部高于东部;沉积水体影响下,伊利石含量由北向南逐渐增大。绿泥石、高岭石对储层孔隙具有建设性影响,而伊利石主要破坏原始孔隙。粘土矿物组成及含量明显控制着储层平面上孔渗分布,使得相对高孔高渗区主要分布在研究区东北部,是下步勘探开发的主要对象。     

贵州早、中三叠世间绿豆岩粘土矿物学研究

运用Ｘ射线衍射、红外光谱、差热分析、扫描电镜等分析方法，对贵州绿豆岩进行了系统的粘土矿物学研究。确定了贵州绿豆岩中粘土矿物主要有伊利石、蒙脱石、高岭石和伊利石／蒙脱石混层矿物，为贵州绿豆岩的成因研究和开发利用提供了依据。     

东营凹陷郑家-王庄地区沙河街组粘土矿物特征及其与储层伤害的关系

利用X射线衍射、红外光谱、扫描电镜等分析资料对东营凹陷郑家-王庄地区沙河街组粘土矿物特征及其对储层的伤害进行了研究.结果表明,郑家-王庄地区沙河街组碎屑岩储层中粘土矿物类型主要为伊利石/蒙皂石无序间层矿物和高岭石矿物,含少量的伊利石和微量的绿泥石矿物.依据蒙皂石层层间阳离子类型,伊利石/蒙皂石无序间层矿物可进一步分为钙型、钠型和钙钠过渡型3种类型.高岭石矿物有结晶度高、形态发育良好和结晶度低、形态发育差两种类型,据此得出高岭石有自生成因和陆源碎屑成因两种类型.粘土矿物的膨胀率及水敏感性实验分析表明,钠型伊利石/蒙皂石无序间层矿物具有更大的膨胀性,对储层损害最大,钙-钠过渡型次之,钙型最小.对储层中高岭石含量与储层物性分析发现,两种成因的高岭石对储层物性影响截然不同,自生高岭石的大量存在能有效改善本区储层物性,陆源碎屑高岭石则使储层物性变差.     

长江三角洲平原粘土矿物分布特征及其环境意义

采用XRD研究了长江三角洲地区15个表层样品和5个剖面样品中的粘土矿物.结果表明： 表层样品粘土矿物含量和组合类型的空间分布以本区7 500-8 000a前古岸线为界呈现了明显的分区现象,指示古岸线东西两侧物源和沉积环境的差异;剖面样品中伊利石和高岭石含量相互消长的变化则反映了晚更新世末以来气候的波动特征.     

东营凹陷郑家-王庄地区沙河街组粘土矿物特征及其与储层伤害的关系

利用X射线衍射、红外光谱、扫描电镜等分析资料对东营凹陷郑家-王庄地区沙河街组粘土矿物特征及其对储层的伤害进行了研究。结果表明，郑家-王庄地区沙河街组碎屑岩储层中粘土矿物类型主要为伊利石／蒙皂石无序间层矿物和高岭石矿物，含少量的伊利石和微量的绿泥石矿物。依据蒙皂石层层间阳离子类型，伊利石／蒙皂石无序间层矿物可进一步分为钙型、钠型和钙钠过渡型3种类型。高岭石矿物有结晶度高、形态发育良好和结晶度低、形态发育差两种类型，据此得出高岭石有自生成因和陆源碎屑成因两种类型。粘土矿物的膨胀率及水敏感性实验分析表明，钠型伊利石／蒙皂石无序间层矿物具有更大的膨胀性，对储层损害最大，钙-钠过渡型次之，钙型最小。对储层中高岭石含量与储层物性分析发现，两种成因的高岭石对储层物性影响截然不同，自生高岭石的大量存在能有效改善本区储层物性，陆源碎屑高岭石则使储层物性变差。     

贵州乌当地区泥盆系乌当组下部粘土岩成因的初步研究

于贵州乌当地区泥盆系乌当组下部发现了3层粘土岩,运用X射线衍射（XRD）、湿化学法和电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP—MS）等分析方法分别对其矿物组成、主量元素及微量元素含量进行分析。结果显示这3层粘土岩中的粘土矿物主要为蒙脱石和伊利石,同时含少量高岭石。粘土岩的K2O含量范围为5．60％～7．77％,平均值为6．92％,...     

复州湾高岭石粘土岩的矿物组成和矿石性质的研究

本文阐述了高岭石粘土岩(软质粘土矿层)的矿物组成和研究方法,因为软质高岭土质粘土含有较多的铁质(Fe_2O_3)和硅质(SiO_2)时变成为低耐火材料,因此对各类高岭石粘土岩矿物织成和矿石性质主要应用红外线吸收光谱,X射线粉未衍射分析,电子显微镜,差热分析,偏光及反光显微镜分析等绝合手段进行研究,查清高岭石粘土岩中铁的存在形式,铁矿物的分布以及粘土矿物积层易于产生歪斜的属性等因素,以供对处理杂质铁方法和工艺影响的依据。     

Clay minerals in surface sediments of the Pearl River drainage basin and their contribution to the South China Sea

Clay minerals have played a significant role in the study of the East Asian monsoon evolution in the South China Sea by being able to track oceanic current variations and to reveal contemporaneous paleoclimaUc changes prevailing in continental source areas. As one of the most important rivers inputting terrigenous matters to the northern South China Sea, the Pearl River was not previously paid attention to from the viewpoint of clay mineralogy. This paper presents a detailed study on clay minerals in surface sediments collected from the Pearl River drainage basin （including all three main channels, various branches, and the Lingdingyang in the estuary） by using the X-ray diffraction （XRD） method. The results indicate that the clay mineral assemblage consists dominantly of kaolinite （35%-65%）, lesser abundance of chlorite （20%-35%） and illite （12%-42%）, and very scare smectite occurrences （generally 〈5%）. Their respective distribution does not present any obvious difference throughout the Pearl River drainage basin. However, downstream the Pearl River to the northern South China Sea, the clay mineral assemblage varies significantly： kaolinite decreases gradually, smecUte and illite increase gradually. Additionally, illite chemistry index steps down and illite crystallinity steps up. These variations indicate the contribution of major kaolinite, lesser illite and chlorite, and very scarce smecUte to the northern South China Sea from the Pearl River drainage basin. The maximum contribution of clay minerals from the Pearl River is 72% to the northern margin and only 15% to the northern slope of the South China Sea. In both glacials and interglacials, kaolinite indicates that the ability of mechanical erosion occurred in the Pearl River drainage basin.     

Clay mineral composition and their sources for the fluvial sediments of Taiwanese rivers

Located at the collision boundary between the Philippine Sea Plate and the Eurasian Continental Plate,the island of Taiwan is generally recognized as an important example in the MARGINS Program Science Plan and "source-to-sink" research because of its high tectonic activity,heavy rainfall and unique geography.Large suspended sediment loads are transported to the adjacent ocean by Taiwanese rivers every year,making Taiwan an important source of sediments into the adjacent seas and a natural laboratory for studying the systemic movement of fluvial sediments from source to sink.A detailed study on the clay mineral composition of surface sediments collected from the drainage basins of 12 Taiwanese rivers using X-ray diffraction methods was conducted.Our results indicated that the clay mineral assemblages consisted dominantly of illite(approximately 73%) and chlorite(approximately 24%),with lesser abundances of kaolinite(approximately 3%) and even lower levels of smectite from the Danshuei River sediments in northwestern Taiwan.The Jhuoshuei River sediments from western Taiwan contained clay mineral assemblages that consisted of illite(approximately 75%) and chlorite(approximately 25%),but they lacked kaolinite and smectite.In southwestern Taiwan,the clay mineral assemblages were dominated by illite(approximately 75%) and chlorite(approximately 23%),but had a low abundance of kaolinite(generally < 2%) and no smectite.The clay mineral assemblages in eastern Taiwan are obviously different from those in western parts of the island.The most noticeable difference is that the average abundance of chlorite in the Hualien River from eastern Taiwan was the highest(approximately 48%) of all the Taiwanese rivers.We concluded that,in general,the clay mineral assemblages in Taiwanese rivers were mainly composed of illite and chlorite with kaolinite and smectite being scarce,and these trends are different from those in China’s mainland rivers.The clay mineral composition shown in this study was primarily determined by the properties of the bedrock,and the differential weathering intensities of the drainage area.The surface sediments in Taiwan’s rivers showed a greater abundance of illite and chlorite because the outcropped rocks were mainly composed of Tertiary sedimentary rocks,especially sandstone,shale and slate,and show strong physical weathering.The relatively high relief and more abundant rainfall also caused the clay minerals in the fluvial sediments to be transported to the estuaries down rivers from the mountains and then delivered to the adjacent seas by currents and waves over a shorter time scale.     

致密砂岩储层黏土矿物特征及敏感性分析—以鄂尔多斯盆地吴起油田寨子河地区长6油层为例

致密砂岩储层孔喉结构复杂、比表面积大,岩石颗粒表面附着大量的黏土矿物,容易受到外来流体的影响,发生颗粒膨胀、迁移、离子沉淀等反应伤害储层,从而影响生产效率。本文以鄂尔多斯盆地吴起油田寨子河地区延长组6段油层为例,通过岩石薄片观察、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪(X-RD)实验、压汞实验和储层敏感性实验等方法,对研究区储层物性、孔喉结构、黏土矿物特征和储层敏感性类型、伤害程度及敏感性影响因素进行分析。岩心分析实验表明,储层黏土矿物由绿泥石、高岭石、伊利石和伊蒙混层4种矿物组成,影响储层渗透性的敏感性伤害强弱依次为酸敏、水敏、碱敏、盐敏和速敏。并结合实际生产中存在的问题,提出绿泥石富集区域尽量避免储层酸化等改造措施;对伊利石及伊蒙混层含量高、易水敏的地区,压裂改造过程需要提高压裂液砂比,减小压裂液量,从而降低储层损害。     

鄂尔多斯盆地西南部延长组长7致密砂岩伊利石成因初探

鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长7为典型的致密砂岩储层,粒度细,填隙物含量高,物性差.最主要的黏土矿物为伊利石,占填隙物总量的60%.根据大量的铸体薄片、扫描电镜、包裹体测试等分析资料,探讨了伊利石的产状、成因,以及对储层物性的影响.认为:伊利石呈片状、蜂巢状和丝缕状3种方式产出.第一种为原生沉积形成;第二种为早期形成的蒙脱石转化而来;第三种是由钾长石溶蚀形成的高岭石在深埋期间通过伊利石化作用形成.高岭石的伊利石化能促进钾长石的溶解,其形成的长石溶孔是本区最主要的孔隙类型,长石溶孔发育区即为相对优质储层发育区.     

木钵延10油层水敏伤害研究

目的 为保护储层以及提高油层采收率提供依据。方法 利用真实砂岩微观模型对木钵延10油层进行了水敏伤害研究。结果 该油层黏土含量4．4％～11％，黏土组成以伊利石为主，伊／蒙混层和高岭石黏土矿物次之，不含或极少含有绿泥石；黏土矿物具有膨胀、分散、运移的特性，易造成储层的水敏和速敏伤害；目前的注入水将对储层造成中等程度的水敏伤害，采取高矿化度盐水及逐渐降低矿化度的注入方式，对减弱储层水敏伤害有利，最佳注入水盐度为15.6～5．2g／L。结论 水敏伤害是造成木钵延10区块注水压力高、注水量低的不可忽视的原因，应尽量使注入水矿化度高于注入流体的矿化度阈值(5．2～2．18g/L)，以减轻水敏伤害。     

A high-resolution clay mineralogical record in the northern South China Sea since the Last Glacial Maximum,and its time series provenance analysis

High-resolution clay mineralogical analysis of Core MD05-2904 in the northern South China Sea (SCS) covering the period since the Last Glacial Maximum shows that illite (29%–48%), smectite (14%–45%), chlorite (17%–28%), and minor kaolinite (6%–14%) comprise the clay mineral assemblage, and that time series variation does not present glacial-interglacial cyclicity. Provenance analysis indicates three end-member sources: almost all smectite derives from Luzon, all kaolinite is sourced from the Pearl River, and illite and chlorite originate from both the Pearl River and Taiwan. By comparing clay mineral compositions in surface sediments from the three major source areas and of the SCS, we reconstructed a time series of clay mineral contribution from the major provenances to the northern slope of the SCS using the linear separation method for illite crystallinity. There were three stages of provenance change. (1) During 24.1–17.5 ka BP, contributions from Taiwan and Luzon were similar (30%–40%), while that from the Pearl River was only 25%. (2) During 17.5–14.0 ka BP, the contribution from Luzon decreased rapidly to 20%–25%, while that from Taiwan increased to 35% from an average of 25% at 18 ka BP, and that from the Pearl River increased largely to 40%. (3) During the Holocene, differences in contributions from the three major provenances increased: the contribution from Luzon increased slightly and then remained at 27%–35%, that from Taiwan increased rapidly and then remained at 55%–60%, and that from the Pearl River decreased to 15%. The change in clay mineral contributions from different provenances is influenced mainly by clay mineral production, monsoon rainfall denudation, oceanic current transport, and sea-level change.     

强震区典型窄陡沟道型泥石流发育特征

针对汶川强震区5条典型窄陡沟道型泥石流进行实地勘察。通过室内颗分试验、激光衍射粒度分析试验、X射线衍射试验，分析了强震区窄陡沟道型泥石流的基本发育特征、堆积物颗粒级配和黏土矿物定量组成。结果表明：(1)强震区窄陡沟道型泥石流典型发育特征除了地形地貌上的“窄”和“陡”外，震后松散物源量中崩滑物源和沟道堆积物源显著增多，动储量比例增大，造成强震区窄陡沟道型泥石流危险性显著提高。(2)强震区窄陡沟道型泥石流堆积物固体颗粒级配分布范围较广，连续性较好。级配曲线不均匀系数均大于5，曲率系数在0.95~3之间，无缺失粒组；粒径小于0.075mm的粉粒含量均在0.5%以下，粒径小于0.005mm黏粒含量均在0.11%以下，不同沟道间差别较小。(3)强震区窄陡沟道型泥石流堆积物黏土矿物主要由伊利石、绿泥石和伊蒙混层三种黏土矿物组成，各自含量平均值分别为45.6%、38.8%、15.6%。伊利石和绿泥石总含量均超过75%，伊蒙混层含量均在25%以下。开展汶川强震区的典型窄沟型泥石流发育特征分析，对于地质灾害泥石流风险评估、监测预警和防控具有重要意义。