兔抗人多发性骨髓瘤细胞多克隆抗体的制备与鉴定

制备人多发性骨髓瘤全细胞兔多克隆抗体。用人多发性骨髓瘤细胞系ARH-77全细胞和福氏完全佐剂通过背部皮内多点注射首次免疫新西兰大白兔,第14 d用ARH-77全细胞和福氏不完全佐剂同样剂量加强免疫,第28 d和38 d时再次免疫。第45 d颈动脉采血80 mL,4℃静置过夜,收集血清。然后采用亲和层析系统纯化血清中的多克隆抗体。用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测纯化多克隆抗体的效价;免疫印迹法和荧光免疫细胞化学检测纯化多克隆抗体的特异性。结果:ELISA检测多克隆抗体滴度为1∶20 000,免疫印迹检测结果显示该抗体具有较高特异性,荧光免疫细胞化学检测多克隆抗体能够有效的结合细胞表面抗原。实验获得了高效价的特异性的兔抗人骨髓瘤细胞多克隆抗体,为进一步研究多发性骨髓瘤诊断和治疗奠定了基础。     

放射自显影术在鉴定免疫血清中特异性抗体的应用

本文报道了应用免疫沉淀、SDS-丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS—PAGE)及放射自显影技术鉴定经葡萄球菌肠毒素A(SEA)免疫的小鼠血清中特异性抗体。特异性抗体无需从免疫血清中分离纯化,用放射自显影术得到了确切鉴定。文中还讨论了应用放射自显影术鉴定某些病人血清中特异性抗体的普遍意义。     

人A组轮状病毒结构蛋白VP7原核表达及其卵黄抗体效价的研究

为获得人A组轮状病毒重组结构蛋白VP7及其高效价的卵黄抗体,使用PCR技术扩增VP7 DNA片段并将其克隆到原核表达载体pET28a上形成重组质粒pET28a-VP7。将重组质粒转化基因工程菌E.Coil BL21(DE3),用0.5 mM IPTG诱导VP7重组蛋白的表达。通过包涵体纯化和蛋白复性后,将VP7重组蛋白与弗氏佐剂混匀免疫产蛋鸡,收集鸡蛋。用水稀释-盐析法纯化卵黄抗体IgY。进一步应用SDS-PAGE、ELISA和点杂交技术,分析该卵黄抗体的纯度、效价和特异性。结果表明在基因工程菌E.coli BL21(DE3)中能够实现VP7重组抗原的表达,将重组抗原VP7免疫产蛋鸡,提取纯化得到滴度为1:100 000的抗VP7卵黄抗体,且特异性的识别野生型A组轮状病毒。     

卵源性多价抗蝮蛇毒IgY的制备及检测

采用短尾蝮(Gloydius brevicaudus)、乌苏里蝮(Gloydius ussuriensis)、岩栖蝮(Gloydius saxatilis)、原矛头蝮(Protobothrops mucrosquamatus)和菜花原矛头蝮(Protobothrops jerdonii)5种蛇毒的混合物制备类毒素,免疫20~22周龄莱航母鸡并收集鸡卵,用冻融法、水稀释法和PEG法提取卵黄多价抗蝮蛇毒IgY,并用酶联免疫法和蛋白印迹法对所得IgY效价进行检测.结果表明:母鸡在免疫期间产下的鸡卵中,均存在可有效中和上述5种蛇毒的卵黄抗体IgY,且诱导量随免疫强度的提高而增加;不同方法所得有效抗体的含量存在一定差异,且同一提取法所得抗体对不同蛇毒的交叉中和能力也不同,这可能与动物对5种蛇毒的免疫应答存在差异有关.     

抗弓形虫IgY抗体在酶免疫试验中的应用

IgY是从鸡蛋黄中提取的免疫球蛋白,不但具有高免疫活性,而且不受类风湿因子、血清补体等干扰,在免疫学试验中具有优越性。用纯化的弓形虫虫体抗原免疫白菜杭鸡获得特异性的IgY抗体,用辣根过氧化物酶标记后与抗人IgM单抗配伍建立捕获法酶免疫试验,与同类试剂对照,平行检测192份临床血样,检测结果二者吻合,表明该IgY具有良好的特异性和敏感性。     

仙台病毒抗原的制备及初步应用

目的纯化和制备仙台病毒(Sendai Virus,SeV)抗原,初步应用于间接酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)及免疫印迹(Western-blot)试验对SeV抗体进行检测。方法通过鸡胚尿囊腔及BHK-21细胞增殖法培养增殖SeV,低温冻融去除细胞碎片后,用差速离心及超声破碎法纯化并制备SeV抗原,以SDS-PAGE电泳进行纯度鉴定;优化确定间接SeV-ELISA抗原的最佳包被浓度,对比检测间接免疫荧光试验(IFA)初筛小鼠SeV阳性血清,同时用Western-blot检测法进行特异性验证。结果用BHK-21细胞培养增殖的SeV,病毒滴度HA为1∶128,SeV抗原的电泳纯度达80%;确定SeV-ELISA抗原最佳包被浓度为2.5μg/mL时,测得小鼠SeV抗体ELISA与IFA的阳性符合率为100%,并由Western-blot检测法得到了证实。结论通过BHK-21细胞增殖和差速离心及超声破碎法制备的SeV抗原,可用于ELISA及Western-blot法对小鼠SeV抗体的检测,进而验证了SeV具有较强的抗原特异性及蛋白活性。     

重组人TRAIL蛋白的原核表达、纯化及鉴定

将含有人TRAIL蛋白表达质粒的大肠杆菌以IPTG诱导表达 ,表达蛋白主要以包涵体形式存在 .经菌体破碎、包涵体分离、抽提及复性 ,用Ni NTASuperflow柱层析及进一步的离子交换色谱分离纯化获得纯蛋白 .SDS PAGE显示纯化的蛋白为 19kD的单一条带 .Westernblot鉴定表明 ,纯化的表达产物与抗人TRAIL蛋白的抗体发生特异性免疫反应 .抗肿瘤生物活性测定表明该纯化蛋白对肿瘤细胞的体外生长具有显著的抑制作用 .     

牛病毒性腹泻病毒E2蛋白的克隆、 表达及多克隆抗体制备

利用原核系统表达牛病毒性腹泻病毒（BVDV）E2蛋白, 制备鼠源多克隆抗体. 通过MDBK细胞增殖病毒, 提取RNA, RT-PCR扩增E2全长基因, 进行生物信息学分析后设计截短引物, 构建优化表达载体pET-30-E2, 转化BL21, 用异丙基-β-D-硫代吡喃半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导蛋白表达; 用SDS-PAGE电泳分析蛋白表达, 纯化蛋白联合弗氏佐剂免疫小鼠; 用酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)法测定抗体效价水平, 用免疫印迹(WB)和免疫荧光(IFA)法验证抗体特异性. 结果表明: E2基因在大肠杆菌中成功表达, 蛋白大小为32 000, 不可溶形式表达, 表达量为0.4 mg/mL; 多克隆抗体效价为1∶256 000, 可特异性结合重组蛋白及细胞中的病毒.     

抗CD71人-鼠嵌合抗体的制备及其诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡

目的 :研究在液氮中冻存 2年的转染瘤细胞株 (D2C)复苏后其分泌抗CD71人 -鼠嵌合抗体的特异性、分泌量及诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡的效应。方法 :用ELISA方法检测转染瘤细胞培养上清的抗体分泌量。经DEAE SephadexA 5 0离子交换法纯化产生的抗体 ,并采用SDS PAGE电泳鉴定 ;台盼蓝拒染法观察其对K5 6 2细胞生存的影响 ;细胞计数和MTT试验测定嵌合抗体及鼠源性抗体对K5 6 2细胞的作用 ;琼脂糖凝胶电泳和透射电镜观察K5 6 2细胞凋亡。结果 :Balb/c裸鼠腹腔接种转染瘤细胞后 ,每只裸鼠腹水量在 3～ 5mL。抗体经纯化 ,产量约为 1～ 2mg/mL腹水。经SDS PAGE电泳鉴定 ,在分子量 5 5kD和 2 7kD处 ,可见有抗体IgG重链和轻链的染色条带。抗CD71嵌合抗体及鼠源性抗CD71抗体均可抑制K5 6 2细胞的增殖作用 ,且二者抑制作用无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。经琼脂糖凝胶电泳和透射电镜观察分别可见抗体诱导的K5 6 2细胞DNA梯形条带和细胞凋亡的形态改变。结论 :液氮中冻存 2年的转染瘤细胞体外生长良好 ,抗体分泌稳定 ,特异性高 ,并可诱导K5 6 2人红白血病细胞凋亡     

4种促性腺激素释放激素抗体的制备、鉴定和纯化

用3-马来酰亚胺基苯甲酸琥珀酰亚胺酯(MBS)法将人工合成的4种不同来源的促性腺激素释放激(GnRH)(即章鱼GnRH、海鞘GnRH-Ⅰ、七鳃鳗GnRH-Ⅰ和七鳃鳗GnRH-Ⅲ)分别与匙孔戚血蓝蛋白(KLH)偶联后作为抗原,免疫新西兰大白兔获得GnRH抗体.用间接ELISA方法检测抗血清效价,并用Western blot鉴定其特异性.制备抗原肽亲和纯化柱,纯化多克隆抗体.结果显示,4种多克隆抗体效价高达1∶500 000(体积比),并能和相应的GnRH多肽特异性结合,纯化后的抗体在SDS-PAGE显示为单一条带.通过上述方法,获得4种高效价、高纯度的GnRH抗体,为低等动物GnRH的研究提供了理论依据.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-