两相溶液法制备有机质子酸掺杂Py-MMA共聚物及其导电与溶解性能研究

采用4种有机质子酸为掺杂剂,氯化铁为氧化剂,通过化学氧化法制备了有机质子酸掺杂聚吡咯(PPy)。在两相溶液中制备了吡咯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯(Py-MMA)共聚物,研究了掺杂剂含量、氧化剂含量、单体甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)含量、反应温度等因素对Py-MMA共聚物电导率及溶解性能的影响。结果表明,有机质子酸掺杂PPy可有效提高PPy的电导率。当以对甲苯磺酸(TsOH)作掺杂剂,掺杂剂与吡咯(Py)、氧化剂与Py单体物质的量之比均为1∶3、反应温度为5℃、反应时间为12 h时,所制得的有机质子酸掺杂PPy的导电性能最好。与PPy相比,Py-MMA共聚物的溶解性能得到明显提高。当MMA、K_2S_2O_8、Py、TsOH物质的量之比为2∶3∶6∶4,反应温度为40℃,反应时间为4 h时,所制得的Py-MMA共聚物的溶解性能最佳,70℃时其在乙酸乙酯中的溶解度为5.56 g,表面电阻率为0.76Ω·cm。     

化学氧化法合成聚吡咯膜导电性的研究

采用化学氧化法直接在玻璃表面制备了导电聚吡咯膜（PPy）。利用四探针技术测试了材料的电导率,对影响其电导率的因素进行了讨论,并对其导电机理进行研究。结果表明,氧化剂用量、反应温度、反应时间、掺杂剂的种类等对最终所得材料的导电性能及结构形态有较大的影响。以苯磺酸钠作掺杂剂,FeCl3/Py摩尔比为1∶0,冰浴条件下所得材料电导率最高,为58.82S/cm。     

生物质/聚吡咯复合材料的电化学性能研究

在造纸行业中作为废液的木质素磺酸盐是一种含有甲氧基和酚羟基的生物质衍生物,由于具有可逆的氧化还原反应而提供赝电容.但木质素磺酸盐的导电性低,从而不能直接作为超级电容器电极.本文在含木质素磺酸钠(Lig)的体系中原位聚合吡咯(Py)制备了具有导电性能的木质素磺酸钠/聚吡咯复合材料(LP).通过扫描电镜(SEM)和傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)测试对其形貌和结构进行表征.结果表明:当Lig与Py质量比为1∶1和电流密度为1 A/g时,复合材料具有高的比电容(346.8 F/g),相比于单纯聚吡咯(PPy)的比电容提高了约50 F/g.而且当电流密度从1 A/g升高到10 A/g时,LP1的倍率性能高达60.8%,比PPy提高了9.3%.在高电流密度10 A/g时,复合物LP1经过1 000次恒电流充放电后仍保留了47%的电容值,表明复合物LP1表现出好的循环稳定性.     

化学氧化法合成超级电容器电极用聚吡咯及其工艺优化

采用化学氧化法合成一种粉末状超级电容器电极用导电高分子材料聚吡咯,通过引入掺杂剂TSA,使合成的PPy的电导率得到有效的提高,电化学电容性能得到改善;研究掺杂剂浓度、单体浓度、氧化剂浓度、聚合时间及反应温度对Py转化率和PPy电导率、比电容等性能的影响.结果表明,TSA用量对Py转化率和PPy的电导率的影响不大,但对PPy比电容的贡献比较明显;PPy的产量随Py用量增加逐步增加,转化率却呈下降趋势,PPy的电导率和比电容随Py用量增加先增加而后下降;Py的转化率随FeCl3浓度增加而规则地升高,PPy的电导率和比电容先基本保持不变,之后反而降低;随着tp的增加,Py的转化率、电导率和比电容有显著的增加;在低温下有利于提高PPy的电导率.     

聚吡咯—粘胶导电纤维的研究

本文的研究建立了一种新的导电聚吡咯成形法,首次成功地制备了聚吡咯—粘胶导电纤维,最高电导率可达:2.106×10~（-2）S/cm。在导电纤维的制备过程中,影响电导率的主要因素:作为引发剂及掺杂剂的三氯化铁溶液的浓度,作为基体材料的粘胶纤维在三氯化铁溶液中的处理时间,聚合反应时间及聚合反应温度。实验结果表明:粘胶纤维经导电性处理后,其取向度和结晶度保持不变,导电纤维的力学性能与基体聚合物基本相同。另外,本文还通过透射电镜对聚吡咯在粘胶纤维中的分布及其与电导率的关系作了较为详细的研究。     

化学氧化法制备聚吡咯的最优条件摸索

对化学氧化法制备导电聚合物聚吡咯的最优制备条件进行了摸索,通过万用表测试聚吡咯产物的电阻值,得到聚吡咯材料的导电性能.结果表明,表面活性剂的种类、氧化剂种类、聚合反应时间、聚合反应温度等对所制备的聚吡咯材料的导电性能有较大的影响.研究表明制备聚吡咯导电聚合物的最优条件是:使用苯磺酸钠为表面活性剂、Fe Cl_3为氧化剂、吡咯单体与表面活性剂的物质的量比为3∶1、吡咯单体与Fe Cl3的物质的量比为1∶3,在冰水浴的实验条件(约为3~5℃)下,聚合反应12 h.     

聚吡咯对PC-12细胞轴突生长情况的研究

在导电玻璃表面电化学聚合聚吡咯,通过改变掺杂剂和膜层数得到三种聚吡咯膜,利用Hitachi-530扫描电镜观测其表面性能,在阳极电刺激下,使用光学显微镜等观察接种神经细胞的黏附数量。由此得出：聚吡咯表面性能和医学性能可以通过改变掺杂剂,膜层数来进行调整。     

绝缘环氧模塑料表面导电聚吡咯薄膜的化学聚合与表征

电磁波干扰越来越多地存在于我们的日常生活中,许多微电子封装材料需要具备屏蔽电磁波的功能.聚吡咯由于具有良好的导电性能和环境稳定性,表现出优异的电磁屏蔽能力.我们利用化学聚合法在绝缘环氧模塑料封装材料表面制备得到了导电聚吡咯薄膜,用X射线光电子能谱、红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜对聚合物薄膜进行了表征.通过SEM分析表明,经对甲基苯磺酸钠掺杂后,制备得到的聚吡咯薄膜均匀连续、致密平整,用四探针测试仪测得掺杂后聚吡咯薄膜的电导率达到了2.3×103S/m以上.     

水分散型导电聚苯胺的制备及其性能研究

在非极性有机溶剂-功能质子酸-水三相体系中,以十二烷基苯磺酸(DBSA)为乳化剂, 十二烷基苯磺酸和盐酸为掺杂剂, 过硫酸铵(APS)为氧化剂, 采用乳液聚合法制备水分散型导电聚苯胺(PANI), 研究了掺杂剂配比、氧化剂量、搅拌时间、反应温度对聚苯胺的电导率和溶解度的影响. 综合考虑电导率和溶解度两者性能, 确定最佳反应条件为: 反应温度15 ℃,搅拌时间6 h, n(苯胺):n(HCl):n(DBSA):n(APS)=0.0500:0.0900:0.0123:0.0500,此时产物的电导率为2.964 S/cm,溶解度为23.99%.此时的产物在水中有良好的分散性能,能够与水性高分子树脂进行共混加工.红外光谱表明,掺杂态聚苯胺的特征吸收峰都向低频方向移动,苯醌结构的吸收峰发生了较大的变化,这说明聚苯胺的掺杂部位发生在苯醌结构上;紫外光谱表明,代表苯醌上电子跃迁的峰发生了明显的移动.     

正交试验法优化导电聚吡咯驱动器制备工艺参数

导电聚合物具有广泛的应用前景,为制备出高性能的导电聚合物驱动器材料,现采用正交实验法对导电聚吡咯(PPy)的制备工艺参数进行优化,其中以吡咯为聚合单体,聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)为基材,双三氟甲烷磺酰亚胺锂(Li+TFSI-)为掺杂剂,通过磁控溅射—电化学沉积方法制备获得三层结构的聚吡咯驱动器材料.以1 V,2 V驱动电压下的位移大小为考察指标,采用正交试验法分析制备过程中电流密度、吡咯浓度、聚合时间及温度等因素对驱动器材料位移性能的影响.试验结果表明:对制备PPy位移性能影响的最大的因素是电流密度,最佳工艺参数组合为:A3B1C3D2.即电流密度可选择为0.15 mA/cm~2,吡咯浓度为0.1 mol/L,聚合温度由于影响不大可采用-25~-35℃之间的温度,聚合时间可选10 h.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.